Volume 12 | Issue 10

 Abstract

Oral mucositis is a common and painful complication of chemotherapy, characterized by ulcers, inflammation, and an increased risk of infection, significantly affecting patient outcomes. This study aimed to assess the severity of oral mucositis in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, evaluate the effectiveness of topical honey in managing this condition, and examine the association between post-intervention scores and selected variables in both experimental and control groups. A true experimental pre-test post-test control group design was employed, with sixty cancer patients randomly assigned to either the experimental group (honey intervention) or the control group (no intervention). The severity of oral mucositis was assessed using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) scale, with weekly post-tests conducted over four weeks. Chi-square analysis indicated no significant differences in demographic and clinical variables between groups. The experimental group's mean pre-test mucositis score was 62.60(SD=13.0), significantly reducing to 18.40(SD=7.1) post-test, while the control group's score increased from 57.33 (SD=15.22) to 77.93 (SD=11.2). A paired t-test revealed a highly significant reduction in mucositis severity in the experimental group (t=6.81, p<0.01), with a calculated t-value of 6.81 exceeding the critical value of 2.04, indicating a statistically significant difference at the 95% confidence level. The findings demonstrate that topical application of honey is an effective, cost-effective, and accessible treatment for chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis among cancer patients.

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Oral mucositis, Chemotherapy, honey application

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A 28yrs old male patient, came to SGAK hospital OPD with complaints of bleeding per rectum during defecation since 2 months. The case was diagnosed as Rakatarsha (2nd degree internal hemorrhoid) caused due to vitiation of Pitta and Rakta. Patient had no other significant medical, surgical comorbidity and was vitally stable. FGHAL was performed in this case under SA. The pile mass and per rectal bleeding reduced in 7 days. The patient was relieved from all the symptoms in 15 days. No major complains were received after the procedure. Proctoscopic examination was done every week for 2 weeks which did not reveal any complications.

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Haemorrhoid ,Bleeding, FGHAL,Ayurved ,haemorrhoidectomy

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Drug diversion refers to the misappropriation of prescription medications for illicit use, which poses significant challenges to public health and safety. This issue arises when legally prescribed drugs are diverted from their intended medical purpose, often leading to misuse, addiction, and criminal activities. Factors contributing to drug diversion include inadequate monitoring systems, prescription fraud, and the increasing availability of medications. Addressing this problem requires a multifaceted approach involving enhanced regulatory frameworks, improved education for healthcare providers and patients, and the implementation of robust tracking systems. Effective interventions can mitigate the risks associated with drug diversion, ensuring that medications are used safely and appropriately.

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1. Prescription fraud: illegally obtaining prescriptions through deceitful means. 2. Misuse: using medication for purposes other than prescribed. 3. Illegal distribution: selling or giving away prescription drugs without authorization. 4. Addiction: dependence on prescription medications, leading to misuse or diversion. 5. Monitoring programs: systems in place to track prescriptions and prevent diversion. 6. Regulatory compliance: adhering to laws and regulations surrounding prescription medicat

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Gossip is a prevalent issue in educational settings, affecting both educators and students. This paper explores the multifaceted impacts of gossip, focusing on its psychological, social, and academic consequences. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, including surveys and interviews with educators and students, we identify key themes such as trust erosion, increased stress levels, and the reinforcement of negative stereotypes. Our findings indicate that gossip can deteriorate the educational atmosphere by fostering a culture of mistrust and anxiety, which adversely affects teaching effectiveness and student engagement. Additionally, we explore strategies to mitigate the negative effects of gossip, emphasizing the importance of cultivating a positive college culture and encouraging open communication. This research highlights the necessity for educational institutions to proactively address gossip to enhance the overall well-being and productivity of both educators and students.

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Gossip, Educators,Students,Psychological Impact, Social Dynamics, Academic Performance, Trust Erosion, Stress and Anxiety,Self-esteem.

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The watermark must be both invisible and long-lasting. The ability to properly restore a watermark from recovered relevant content--which may also include a range of noises and compression effects--explains how robust a watermark is. Since digital data is added to a digital signal, the process of digitally watermarking an image is incredibly accurate. Watermarking is the technique of adding records into digital media, including text, still photos, videos, and audio statistics, without lowering the quality of the digital media as a whole. Another name for watermarking is digital fingerprinting. This technique is less energy-intensive and aids in preventing unauthorized statistics copying from multimedia networks. Watermarking has numerous applications, two of which are copyright protection and authentication. An overview of the many theories and research efforts being carried out on the topic of image watermark authentication is given in this paper. The patchwork signal as well as the watermarked sign. The host signal is the transmission that will have the watermark added to it. When employing a watermarking device, there are three steps involved: detection, attack, and embeddedness. A set of rules must first evaluate the host computer and the data that will be on it in order to generate a watermarked signal. Embedding records--also referred to as digital signatures or watermarks--into a digital signature in a way that makes it challenging for the records to be deleted is the process of digital watermarking. Another name for this process is digital watermarking. Virtual watermarks can be used to confirm the authenticity or integrity of a service signal and can also be used to uncover the owners' identity.

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Digital Image Watermarking, DCT, DWT, LSB, PSNR, MSE, etc.

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The Durga Saptashati, a revered Hindu scripture, is rich in mythological narratives that symbolize the eternal struggle between good and evil. While traditionally viewed as a spiritual and religious text, its narratives offer profound insights into contemporary legal challenges and moral dilemmas. This article explores the relevance of Durga Saptashati in informing modern legal practices, focusing on themes of justice, retribution, and the role of law in societal transformation. The stories of Goddess Durga's battles against asuras like Mahishasura and Shumbha-Nishumbha provide valuable allegories for modern legal systems grappling with issues of justice, gender equality, and governance. Through a comparative analysis of these mythological tales and existing legal precedents, this article demonstrates how ancient wisdom can guide contemporary legal reasoning, offering new perspectives on accountability, restorative justice, and the balance between power and morality. The article further integrates legal maxims and judicial interpretations to illustrate how ancient narratives can bridge the gap between morality and law, encouraging a more nuanced approach to legal challenges. Through this article the researcher weaves together mythological narratives and legal precedents, demonstrating how ancient wisdom from the Durga Saptashati can inform and enrich modern legal thought.

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Legal Precedents, Justice, Gender Equality, Moral Dilemmas etc

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XRD analysis, FTIR analysis ,FESEM analysis, TEM analysis, HRTEM analysis, Seebeck coefficient and Thermoelectric power.

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Prof.N.Subbureediar is a great scholar and Writer. He was born on agriculural family in Prakambi village in Tamilnadu. He lost his father at young age. He studied from school and collge with the help of his mother. He has also written boolks on Tamil Lterature, Science, Religion. The purpose of the artilce is to reveal the establishment of the department of Tami Sri Venkateswara University, Andhra Pradesh, India. Through his effort, Post graduate students and many researcher have developed. His rare service for Tamil Language with out money or fame.

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Professor N Subbureddiyaar Life and Works

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Pharmacovigilance (PV) plays a pivotal role in ensuring drug safety by identifying, assessing, and preventing adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and other medication-related problems. This review aims to explore the evolving landscape of pharmacovigilance, highlighting key aspects such as ADR detection, the role of technology, post-marketing surveillance, and future challenges. The incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) into PV systems offers promising advancements in signal detection, case intake, and data mining. These technologies enable more efficient management of vast data sets, potentially improving patient safety outcomes. However, challenges persist, including underreporting, data quality, and the complexity of analyzing extensive PV data. Furthermore, global regulatory disparities and the need for a standardized approach remain key obstacles in realizing the full potential of AI in pharmacovigilance. This review discusses the benefits, current challenges, and future opportunities of PV technologies, proposing a more integrated approach for enhancing drug safety.

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Pharmacovigilance, Signal Detection, Machine Learning, Artificial Intelligence, Adverse Drug Reaction.

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Vigna mungo, Black gram, salt stress, Ascorbic acid

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Atrial fibrillation, or AF, is a frequent cardiac rhythm instability, particularly prevalent in the elderly population, with a global impact on millions. Existing treatments for AF face challenges such as limited efficacy and recurrence. Obesity significantly increases the risk of AF and associated cardiovascular complications, influenced by factors such as hypertension, diabetes, and sleep apnea. Understanding the pathophysiological links between obesity and Atrial fibrillation, including oxidative stress, fibrosis, and inflammation, is crucial. Biomarkers such as greater sensitivity troponin, C-reactive protein (CRP), natriuretic peptides (BNP, NT-proBNP), and microRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial part in predicting also managing AF, particularly in obese patients. These biomarkers offer insights into myocardial stress and remodelling, aiding in early risk stratification and personalized treatment strategies. Current evidence suggests that elevated levels of NT-proBNP and hs-TnT are significant predictors of adverse outcomes in AF patients, emphasizing the need for aggressive management in high-risk groups. Incorporating biomarkers into AF management protocols can enhance the precision of treatment decisions, potentially reducing morbidity and mortality. Lifestyle modifications, rhythm control, antiarrhythmic drugs, and anti-inflammatory treatments are critical in managing AF in obese patients. Further research is essential to optimize the use of cardiac strain biomarkers in clinical settings, advancing towards more effective and individualized approaches for preventing and managing AF in obese populations.

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Atrial Fibrillation (AF), Obesity, Biomarkers, Risk Stratification, Inflammation

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INTRODUCTION: Neurological diseases significantly impact global mortality and disability, especially in the elderly due to age-related changes in neurochemistry and drug metabolism. Drug- induced neurological disorders (DIND) result from adverse medication effects, with the elderly at higher risk due to polypharmacy and overlapping symptoms with age-related conditions. Common manifestations include movement disorders, falls, seizures, and delirium associated with various medication classes such as dopamine receptor blockers, antithrombotic, and antidepressants. AIM: To evaluate the prevalence of drug-induced neurological disorders in elderly patients. OBJECTIVES: The study aims to assess drug-induced neurological disorders' prevalence and impact in geriatric patients, identify common ADRs linked with CNS drugs, manage related ADRs, and improve patient education on effective ADR management. METHODS: A prospective observational study in a tertiary care hospital collected data on geriatric inpatients, including demographics, causative drugs, side effects, and ADR analysis using the Naranjo scale. RESULTS: Among 60 patients, 17 experienced ADRs, with higher prevalence in females (65%) and the 60-70 age group. General medicine saw the most ADRs (37%), primarily due to anticonvulsants causing hyponatremia and sleep deprivation. 47% of drugs were withdrawn, with a 35% patient recovery rate. CONCLUSIONS: High ADR prevalence in general medicine necessitates early detection and management. Focus on high-risk patients and pharmacist-led education can improve outcomes. Longer-term studies are recommended for better ADR understanding. KEY WORDS: Drug- induced neurological disorders, elderly patients, adverse drug reactions, polypharmacy, cognitive impairment.

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Drug- induced neurological disorders, elderly patients, adverse drug reactions, polypharmacy, cognitive impairment.

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This paper, explores how Bhasa employs rhetorical strategies to engage with ethical dilemmas in his play Madhyamavyayoga. As a prominent dramatist in classical Sanskrit literature, Bhasa uses rhetoric not only to advance the narrative but also to probe deeper moral questions surrounding duty, justice, and power. By closely examining key dialogues, the paper reveals how rhetorical techniques such as appeals to pathos, ethos, and logos are employed to highlight the moral conflicts faced by the characters, particularly Bhima, the middle Pandava brother. Bhasa skillfully uses rhetoric to underscore the tension between personal duty and broader ethical responsibilities, particularly in the context of familial bonds and the morality of war. The characters in the play are not static embodiments of virtue or vice but are positioned in morally complex situations, where their choices invite reflection on the ethical consequences of their actions. Through persuasive exchanges, the characters' words become a medium for moral introspection, allowing the audience to grapple with the ethical dilemmas they face. The paper argues that Bhasa's use of rhetoric serves as a powerful tool for engaging with philosophical and ethical concerns, making Madhyamavyayoga not just a dramatic work but a profound reflection on the human condition. This analysis positions Bhasa's work within the broader tradition of classical Sanskrit drama, where rhetoric often intersects with philosophical discourse, offering valuable insights into both historical and contemporary discussions of ethics. Ultimately, the study highlights how Bhasa's interplay of rhetoric and ethics in Madhyamavyayoga enhances the dramatic depth of the play and reinforces its timeless relevance in moral discourse.

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Rhetoric, Ethics, Dharma, Kshatriya code, Sacrifice, Moral conflict, Ancient Indian theatre, Philosophical themes, Duty and honour, Familial bonds, Dialogue and irony, Classical Indian literature, Moral philosophy

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This paper focuses on the trajectory planning for the Fanuc S-430iW industrial robot, a 6-axis robotic arm used in heavy-duty industries. This robot is highly efficient and accurate. For tasks that require greater precision, it is critical to form straight-line motion. The tasks include additive manufacturing, material handling, assembly, etc. These tasks have to be performed in the shortest time. Trajectory planning ensures the robot's smooth motion and avoids any unexpected accidents. The work produces trajectory planning for a straight line in 3D space, i.e., the shortest path between two points. The trajectory planning is carried out by deriving a quintic path equation for X, Y, and Z using the initial and final points of the trajectory and constraints. The quintic path is used to determine the position, velocity, and acceleration. Then, the variation in the joint variables for the path is determined by inverse kinematics for the time-space, position, and dimensions specified. The forward and inverse kinematics are employed in calculating joint variables along the path. The output shows the robot's smooth motion along the path. The velocity along all three axes increases and decreases smoothly. The advantages of the robot lie in the fact that it can be used for various applications. Execution and cycle time are important to increase production efficiency.

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Forward and inverse kinematics, Fanuc S-430iW, trajectory planning, additive manufacturing, precision, straight line path

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India and the US have a long-standing defence relationship that has grown in depth over some time. However, the relationship had not yet attained the level of strategic partnership in the real sense. This scenario will likely change with the signing of the Security of Supply Arrangements (SOSAs). This agreement reflects the coming of age of the partnership between the two countries. By giving a reciprocal opportunity for preferential sourcing of military supplies, the agreement lays the edifice for deeper collaboration in future. The present paper looks at the past, present and future of SOSA in the context of a fledging Indo-US relationship.

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Security of Supply Arrangements (SOSAs), Indo-US relations, Reciprocal Defence Procurement Agreement

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Phenytoin is an antiepileptic drug, in this review article we reviewed about the detail about history , chemical formula , pharmacology, pharmacokinetic , clinical trial , uses , toxicology ,adverse effect , contraindication , dosage of phenytoin. It is use as anti seizure drug having narrow therapeutic index. Their is need therapeutic drug monitoring in case of phenytoin , so study of clinical toxicology , pharmacology of phenytoin is more important. In this article we added information regarding history and clinical trial of phenytoin. Phenytoin is most effective drug in case of epilepsy so our main focus on detail study of phenytoin .

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Antiepileptic drug, Anti seizure, Pharmacokinetic, TDM, Phenytoin.

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Agrochemicals are a necessary component of contemporary farming practices. The goal of the study was to find out how farming practices would change if agrochemicals were used too much. During November 2022, a structured questionnaire and an in-person interview were used to collect data from 150 randomly selected farmers in the Patna sadar area of the Patna district in India. The selected socioeconomic characteristics of the participants were selected as explanatory variables, while the focus variable was the perceived effect of excessive agrochemical use. A 4-point rating scale was used to rank the effect of using too many agrochemicals, and the perceived effect index was used to rank the independent variables. The appropriate scoring methods and scales were used to measure the independent variables. The results showed that the majority of respondents (48.7%) perceived excessive use of agrochemicals to have high positive effects on farming practices, while a significant portion (59.3%) perceived medium negative effects.

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Agrochemicals, India, Effects Excessive use, Farming practices

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The fourth most common illness among women worldwide is cervical cancer, continuous to be a serious global health problem. An ongoing infection with high risk HPV genotype, especially HPV-16, and HPV-18, is the main cause of it. Cervical cancer has been shown to be less common be early screening and immunization program; the world health organization has published a strategic plan to end Cervical cancer worldwide by 2030. This cover high performance screening HPV vaccination, and promote treatment of precancerous lesion. A multidisciplinary approach is being used to treat Cervical cancer, and treatments include surgery, radiation therapy, Chemotherapy and newly developed targeted immunotherapy therapies. Modern screening methods, such HPV DNA testing, have more sensitivity than conventional cytology and can identify high grade lesions early. Treatment plan that are customized based on patient characteristics like fertility preservation and the disease stage of cervical cancer are guided by the staging and categorization for the illness , mostly as per the FIGO and TNM system. Depending on the level of invasion and reproductive concern, surgical treatment for early-stage illness vary from cone biopsies to more drastic operation including trachelectomy and hysterectomy. In resource rich areas, chemotherapy is still the standard treatment for locally advanced cervical cancer; however, for advanced or metastatic illness, immunotherapy and other palliative measures show promise. Moreover, increasing studies in molecular therapeutic, offer adoptive T cell treatment and the administration of checkpoint inhibiting drugs, are opening new possibilities in cervical cancer treatment. Cervical cancer management remains challenging despite these developments due to inequality in access to healthcare, especially in low resource settings. Resources appropriate strategies including self sampling HPV testing, visual inspection method, and inexpensive therapies likes cryotherapy are being used to close this disparity. In order to enhance outcome for women worldwide, this study examines the full management of cervical cancer, emphasizing existing medicines, preventive measures, and the future direction of individualized treatment.

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: cervical cancer, genotype, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, molecular therapeutic

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The present communication enlists 11 species among 6 genera of aquatic phycomycetes viz., Blyttiomyces spinulosus, Myzocytium proliferum, Olpidiopsis saprolegniae var. indica, Olpidiopsis pythii, Olpidiopsis luxurians, Olpidiopsis aphanomycis, Olpidium sp., Rhizophydium corpophilium and Rozella allomycis, belonging to orders Chytridiales and Lagenidiales. All the species were parasitic on various fungal or algal forms.

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Parasitic, Aquatic Phycomycetes, Bareilly

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This research explores the design and development of women's wear collection for upcoming season (Spring/Summer 2025).This theme is influenced by blend of human connection and nature. The collection aims to offer minimalistic design and conscious approach for a way of dressing. It explores flowy silhouettes, casual fit and plain textures through symmetrical cuts to create a wardrobe that is sophisticated and effortlessly chic.

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Human connection, minimalistic, flowy silhouette, style, wardrobe.

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