Volume 13 | Issue 10

 Abstract

The Limitation Act of 1963 is a critical piece of legislation in India that establishes time limits within which legal actions must be initiated. It aims to provide certainty and promptness in the resolution of disputes, thus promoting the efficient administration of justice

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1. Time Bars: Specifies time limits (limitation periods) for various types of claims, typically ranging from 1 to 30 years, depending on the nature of the claim. 2. Period of Limitation: Defines the duration within which a suit must be filed after the cause of action arises. 3. Computation of Period: Provides rules on how to compute the limitation period, including exclusions for certain circumstances such as fraud or disability. 4. Extension and Condonation: Outlines provisions for extending li

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The SDGs Journey (2015-2025): India's Achievements, Challenges and Future Prospects

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The SDGs Journey (2015-2025): India's Achievements, Challenges and Future Prospects

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The 21st century has witnessed a dramatic transformation in food habits worldwide, influenced by globalization, urbanization, technological advancement, and the pervasive reach of foreign food culture. This study examines the changing dietary patterns of adolescents and young adults, focusing on the adoption of fast foods, processed items, and westernized dietary preferences, alongside the persistence of traditional diets. The research employs a mixed-method approach, combining secondary data analysis from national and international surveys with primary observations and interviews among rural and urban populations. Findings indicate a significant shift toward high-calorie, low-nutrient foods among younger populations, particularly in urban settings, while traditional diets remain more prevalent in rural households. The study also highlights the role of socio-economic status, parental education, media influence, and peer groups in shaping dietary choices. The research further reveals that despite increased exposure to foreign foods, awareness regarding nutrition and healthy eating remains inconsistent. Policy implications emphasize the need for nutrition education, promotion of traditional foods, and regulation of fast-food marketing targeting adolescents.

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Food Habits, Dietary Patterns, Fast Food, Traditional Diet, 21st Century, Globalization, Nutrition

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The Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) sector plays a vital role in the economic and social development of India. It contributes significantly to employment generation, equitable distribution of income, balanced regional development, and promotion of indigenous technology. The Government of India, recognizing the importance of MSMEs, has introduced several policies and schemes to strengthen this sector. Among the various institutional mechanisms, the District Industries Centres (DICs) were established to act as the nodal agency for supporting MSMEs at the district level. DIC for MSME is a crucial part of India's industrial ecosystem, and hence concludes. DICs further support MSMEs by providing financial support, training programs and access to government schemes. These resources can serve as benefits for entrepreneurs in starting, keeping and growing businesses. Some challenges still exist, however, but DICs help small businesses thrive in a market where competition is fierce. DICs should offer their services as entrepreneurs should take full advantage of their services to propel their businesses towards success. The Government's continued effort to support MSMEs along with the resources provided by DICs will help India's industrial sector grow. Collaboration and awareness will allow MSMEs to continue to contribute to the country's economy, and provide jobs while promoting sustainable development.

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District Industries Centres (DICs), Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), Virudhunagar District, Entrepreneurs, SIDBI

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ABSTRACT The role of Technology spreads all over the three sectors of the economy irrespective of development levels in the world. The fruits of technology are enjoying the people. We can find the foot prints of technology in developed countries. The advancement of technology is lacking behind in underdeveloped countries and developing countries. India has been recognized ad self sufficient country in food grains due to green revolution where technology had been used. Today new technologies like digitization in Agriculture is implementing in Indian Agriculture. As a part of this drone technology is using in Agriculture which the idea is bring to drive economy in progressive path and causes to bring second revolution in Agriculture in the country. The productivity of groundnut is significantly increased after using of drone technology in selected area of Nandyala district.

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Key words: productivity. Digitization, Ground nut, Drone Technology, Labour, Capital, Isoquants, Variable.

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The goal of targeted drug delivery is to deliver the drug to the specific organ. Colon targeted drug delivery is used to deliver the substances that are degraded by the digestive enzymes in the stomach such as proteins and peptides. It is also used for the treatment of various diseases like ulcerative colitis, crohn's disease, intestinal cancer, diarrhoea, for the treatment of diseases sensitive to circadian rhythms like Asthma, Angina, for the delivery of steroids, etc. colon targeted drug delivery of drugs reduces the systemic side effects. Colon targeted drug delivery system increases the absorption of poorly absorbable drugs due to the high retention time of the colon. In present study Balsalazide colon targeted tablet prepared using HPMC K15, guar gum, chitosan, SLS and SSG by direct compression method which was confirmed by various characterization and evaluation studies. The developed formulation of Balsalazide batch F2 (150 mg of guar gum) showed good Drug Release for 24 hrs.

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targeted drug delivery, ulcerative colitis, crohn's disease, HPMC K15, guar gum, chitosan, SLS and SSG.

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Abstract Background: Periodontal integrity is profoundly modulated by behavioural determinants, oral hygiene discipline, and chronobiological regulation of circadian rhythms, parameters that are frequently perturbed in individuals engaged in nocturnal occupational schedules. Disruption of these temporal biological rhythms may predispose to altered host responses within the periodontium and to suboptimal oral health perception.

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Periodontal health; patient perception; circadian rhythm; chronobiology; night-shift workers; day-shift workers; oral hygiene; occupational health.

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Virtual reality (VR) has emerged as a transformative innovation in oral and maxillofacial surgery, revolutionizing surgical planning, education, intraoperative guidance, and postoperative rehabilitation. By integrating advanced imaging modalities such as CT, CBCT, and MRI, VR enables realistic 3D visualization of patient-specific anatomy for precise virtual surgical planning and simulation. Immersive training platforms enhance surgical skills, accuracy, and confidence through repetitive, feedback-driven practice in risk-free environments. Intraoperatively, VR and mixed reality (MR) systems facilitate real-time navigation, reducing errors and improving outcomes, while VR-based patient education and distraction therapy significantly decrease anxiety and enhance satisfaction. Postoperatively, VR-guided rehabilitation and AI-driven adaptive physiotherapy promote faster and more effective recovery. Overall, VR serves as a powerful complementary tool that enhances precision, safety, and patient-centered care across the entire surgical continuum in oral and maxillofacial practice.

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Virtual reality, Oral and maxillofacial surgery, Surgical simulation, Patient rehabilitation, Intraoperative navigation

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Tripura is a Multi-ethnic and Multi-cultural society, where the Scheduled Castes occupy a vital place, especially economically and politically. The study examines the role of SC MLAs in the legislative process of the Tripura Legislative Assembly and their effective contribution to the development of the Scheduled Castes. In particular, it examines how elected representatives have contributed to the implementation of policy proposals and development programs through discussions in the assembly. The study is based on the analysis of SC MLAs' interviews, recorded data, SC welfare data, Census data, Election Commission data, and Assembly proceedings. It has also reviewed the initiatives of some elected SC MLAs, especially in the areas of education, health, employment, and social justice. The active role of SC MLAs in the implementation of various welfare schemes of the Central and State governments for the development of the Scheduled Castes has emerged as an important aspect. This also explores the historical background of the Tripura Legislative Assembly & Party position, legislative representation of SCs, challenges faced by the SCs and SC MLAs, SC population & literacy rate, etc., and provides necessary recommendations to the MLAs. Finally, it can be said that SC MLAs of the Tripura Legislative Assembly have played an important role in the development of the Scheduled Castes by discharging their constitutional and political responsibilities. In the future, more effective policy adoption and strong political desire will accelerate the socio-economic development of this community.

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Multi-ethnic, Multi-cultural, Scheduled Castes, Representatives, Implementation, Discharging, Accelerate.

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Background: For female students, maintaining good personal cleanliness is essential to preventing numerous illnesses. Maintaining personal cleanliness is beneficial for women's health. Poor personal hygiene increases the risk of infection. Self-awareness is fostered and taught from an early age through good hygiene practices. Materials and methods:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the personal hygiene practices of female students in the 15-17 years age range at located in Kulasekharam, Tamil Nadu, India, is the Sree Ramakrishna Medical College of Naturopathy and Yogic Sciences and Hospital. Female students between the ages of 15 - 17 made up the study units. A questionnaire is used for the study, and female students are given it. By outlining the goal of the study, the female students gave their verbal agreement. Hundred students participated in the study in all. Thirty questions make up the questionnaire, which also asked about sociodemographic data and hygienic practices, which include cloth hygiene, skin hygiene, oral hygiene, hair hygiene, hand hygiene, urogenital hygiene, ear hygiene, bowel hygiene, and mental hygiene. Conclusion:Students that were female showed greater awareness of genital hygiene. They therefore require greater education regarding sleep, water consumption, and scalp hygiene.Wearing clean clothes and taking regular head baths are examples of personal hygiene practices that this survey found to be good, but scalp hygiene, water intake, and sleep are extremely poor; as a result, female students require greater education regarding these topics.

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Personal hygiene, health behaviour,Menstrual hygiene, Sanitation, cleanliness,hygiene adolescents

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The school-age period, generally between six and twelve years of age, marks a crucial stage in a child's physical, cognitive, social, and emotional growth. This stage serves as a bridge between early childhood and adolescence, characterized by significant transformations in intellectual capacities, physical coordination, moral understanding, and social relationships. During these years, children develop foundational academic skills, self-esteem, and independence. This journal explores the multifaceted growth and development patterns of school-age children through the lenses of physical, cognitive, emotional, social, and moral domains. It also highlights environmental influences such as family, school, nutrition, and socio-cultural factors that shape a child's overall development. Understanding these aspects provides valuable insight for parents, educators, and health professionals in fostering healthy and holistic development during this vital stage

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School-age child, Growth, Development, Education, Health, Cognitive development, Socialization, Emotional development.

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The Pattuppattu and the Ethuththogai are included in the classical literature. The patterns of occurrence of grammatical elements in these eighteen books of Sangam literature are numerous. The main reason why Sangam literature continues to be a literature that is spoken about to this day is its linguistic structure. It is a specialty of our Tamil language to be rich in the five elements of grammar, namely, Ezhuththu, Chol, Porul, Yappu, and Ani, and to be both ancient and new. On the basis of grammar, words are divided into four categories: noun, verb, interjection, and adjectives. The purpose of the study is to identify and explain the pattern of occurrence of the verb conjugation, which is a part of the verb, in the Pattuppattu as Sangam literature.

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Tholkappiyam, Sangam Literature, Pathuppattu, Verb, Verb conjugation, Adjectives, Words, Etymology, Grammatical elements

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Drug Delivery Systems (DDS) are a strategic tool for expanding markets/indications, extending product life cycles and generating opportunities. DDS make a significant contribution to global pharmaceutical sales through market segmentation, and are moving rapidly. Drug delivery systems are becoming increasingly sophisticated as pharmaceutical scientists acquire a better understanding of the physicochemical and biochemical parameters pertinent to their performance. Despite of tremendous advancements in drug delivery, the oral route remains the perfect route for the administration of therapeutic agents because of low cost of therapy, ease of administration, accurate dosage, self-medication, pain avoidance, versatility, leading to high levels of patient compliance

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Drug Delivery Systems, low cost of therapy, ease of administration, accurate dosage, self-medication, pain avoidance, versatility

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This project develops a smart embedded IoT system using the ESP32 microcontroller to monitor environmental conditions and provide automated responses. The system employs three sensors: an LPG sensor to detect gas leakage, a CO? sensor to evaluate indoor air quality, and a BMP180 sensor to measure temperature and pressure. Data from these sensors is processed by the ESP32 and made accessible through IoT connectivity for remote monitoring. In addition to sensing, the setup includes two relay modules: one operates a fan to enhance ventilation when harmful gases are present, while the other controls a light for intelligent illumination. By integrating sensing, communication, and automation, the system offers a cost-effective solution that improves safety, energy efficiency, and comfort in residential and industrial environments.

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sensors, relays, ESP 32 Controller, lcd display.

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This paper does the comparative analysis on the feministic vision of Charlotte Bronte and Margaret Atwood, authors known for their thought- provoking portrayals of women's experiences. This study highlights the shared concerns and distinct approaches of these two literary giants. Through the close reading of their works, this study demonstrates the enduring relevance of Bronte and Atwood's works offering insights into the ongoing struggle and triumphs of women across historical and cultural contexts.

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Comparative analysis, Charlotte bronte, Margaret Atwood ,two literary giants.

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Within modern mathematics and philosophy, the concept of a ‘set’ is soundly captured in the works of Moore and Russell; it affords a context in which we can organize collections of objects (real or abstract) in a systematic way. The term “set” was first used by Georg Cantor in his studies on trigonometric series. This changed completely the history of math and logic as set theory introduced an exact language that allowed us to model relations between particular elements. According to Cantor, a set is a collection that contains distinct objects as parts or members within one entity; on the other hand, Patrick Suppes defines a set as any kind of object composed of elements–in this case both simple and complex. This article differentiates between two aspects of sets, the mathematical and philosophical one. More specifically, it implies that sets play an important role in logic and relation . It starts by giving the definition of a set and its representation using Roster and Set-Builder methods. After this the types of sets such as finite set, infinite set, equal sets, subsets, proper subsets are described in depth. It also discusses concept of membership and the main set operations – union, intersection are examined. It also occupies the domain beyond mathematics. This paper scrutinizes the issue of relations from a philosophical point of view and their role in knitting individuals and objects as well as in creating the basis of meaning and existence in human context. Relations are categorized into eight primary classes depending on reflexivity, symmetry, and transitivity. They are such relationships that people explain through ‘is a brother of’ ‘uses the same WhatsApp group’—real life examples are given through such relationships. Thus, this research demonstrates that the set theory both in the formal sense and in the human life experience is organized through relational frameworks. It concludes that set theory is not merely an abstract mathematical theory but it is also a philosophical paradigm that gives a great depth of understanding of the order, relationship and interdependence in the universe.

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Keywords: Set theory, Types of sets, Set operations, Membership, Relation, Reflexive, Symmetric, Transitive

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ABSTRACT Introduction: Polycystic ovarian syndrome was originally described in 1935 by Stein and Leventhal as a syndrome manifested by amenorrhea, hirsutism and obesity associated with enlarged polycystic ovaries. The predisposing risk factors include genetics, neuroendocrine, lifestyle, environment, obesity that contributes to the development of PCOS. The pathophysiological aspect of PCOS mainly focuses on hormonal dysfunction, insulin resistance, and hyperandrogenism leading to impaired folliculogenesis which arise the risk for associated comorbidities like endometrial cancer, type II diabetes etc. Methods: Quantitative studies published between 2015 and 2025 were undertaken for the systematic review. A comprehensive review of published literature and journal articles from PubMed, Google scholar, and Medline databases was done. Search strategy specific to each database was used. During initial search 1428 titles were retrieved and after screening 12 articles were selected for full text screening. Finally, 12 research articles were selected based on the inclusion criteria. Results: All 12 articles of research studies supported that lifestyle modification package on polycystic ovarian syndrome effective in enhancing knowledge on PCOS life style habits, BMI, menstrual pattern and quality of life. Conclusion: Lifestyle modification forms the cornerstone of managing polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Through a holistic approach that includes balanced nutrition, regular physical activity, stress management, and adequate sleep, women with PCOS can achieve significant improvements in hormonal balance, menstrual regularity, insulin sensitivity, and overall quality of life. Implementing a structured lifestyle modification package empowers individuals to take control of their health, reduce the risk of long-term complications such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease, and improve reproductive outcomes. Therefore, promoting sustainable lifestyle changes should be prioritized as a first-line intervention in the prevention and management of PCOS.

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Keywords: Polycystic ovarian syndrome, lifestyle modification package on polycystic ovarian syndrome, adolescent girls.

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Landslides are a significant natural hazard in mountainous regions, posing threats to human life, infrastructure, and the environment. Traditional Landslide detection methods often rely on manual observations and post-event analysis, which are insufficient for real-time alerts. The Landslide Sentinel system addresses this gap by offering a real-time, automated, auditory and visual alert mechanism using a combination of Impact sub-sensors, Gyroscope sub-sensors, Proximity Ultrasonic sub-sensors, Navigation trackers and IoT technology.

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Impact sub-sensors, Resistive heating, Gyroscope sub-sensors, Proximity Ultrasound sub-sensors and NavIC Trackers

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Abstract :- Nepal's Political Evaluation is a remarkable narrative of transformation, resilience, and democratic experimentation. From an entrenched monarchy that centralized political power for more than two centuries to a participatory democratic republic, the nation's history mirrors the broader South Asian Struggle for political modernism and civic empowerment. The monarchy under the Shah and Rana regimes Symbolized a hierarchical governance structure that resisted reform, but successive popular movements particularly the people's Movements of 1990 and 2006 - Served as defining milestones that redefined Nepal's Socio - Political landscape. The abolition of the monarchy in 2008 was not merely a structural shift ; it marked a psychological rupture between traditional legitimacy and popular sovereignty. However, the optimism of a democratic republic has been tempered by Persistent political instability, corruption and elite capture of the state apparatus. In this context, the emergence of Generation Z as a Political actor has reinvigorated Nepal 's democratic imagination. These digitally aware and globally connected youths have used social media, protest culture, and civic networks to demand transparency consciousness that transcands traditional party politics. Thus, this research evaluates Nepal's Political trajectory from monarchism to Gen Z - led protests as an evolving continuum of democratic engagement - where the youth redefine citizenship, leadership, and collective action in twenty - first - century Nepal.

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Keywords :- Nepal, Monarchy, Democracy, Political Transformation, Generation Z, Youth Activism, Governance, Protest Movements, Political Transition, Federalism.

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Abstract: A data stream represents a continuous, real-time, and ordered sequence of data items that arrive at high velocity from dynamic sources such as network traffic, sensor outputs, financial transactions, and call centre logs. Unlike traditional data mining, which deals with static and finite datasets, data stream mining involves extracting meaningful knowledge structures from unbounded and rapidly evolving data. The major challenge lies in handling the volume, velocity, and variability of continuous data streams while maintaining computational efficiency and limited memory usage. To address these challenges, several algorithms have been developed for mining frequent item sets in streaming environments, including Apriori, Partition, Pincer-Search, FP-Growth, Dynamic Itemset Counting, ECLAT (Equivalent Class Clustering and Bottom-Up Lattice Traversal), and RARM (Rapid Association Rule Mining). Among these, the ECLAT algorithm employs a vertical data format for efficient frequent pattern discovery, whereas RARM utilizes a tree-based structure to represent transactions for rapid rule generation and minimal database scans. This study presents a comparative experimental analysis of ECLAT and RARM algorithms for mining frequent item sets in data streams. The experimental results demonstrate that RARM outperforms ECLAT in terms of execution time, scalability, and memory efficiency, making it a more competent choice for high-speed streaming data environments. The findings highlight the potential of adaptive algorithms like RARM for real-time analytics, paving the way for future integration with Machine Learning-based stream mining models to enhance predictive accuracy and intelligent decision-making in Big Data applications.

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Keywords - data streams; frequent pattern; mining; performance, RARM Algorithm; ECLAT Algorithm

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