Volume 13 | Issue 10

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perceived self-efficacy, nursing competencies, readiness for professional nursing practice, Nursing students.

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???? ???? ????? ?????, ???????, ???????, ????, ?????

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The COVID-19 pandemic was one of the most disruptive global events in modern history, profoundly transforming educational systems worldwide. Schools, colleges, and universities were forced to close their doors, shifting overnight to online learning platforms. This transition exposed deep inequalities, challenged educators and students alike, and accelerated digital transformation in education. This paper examines the multifaceted impact of COVID-19 on education during and after the pandemic, analyzing both short-term disruptions and long-term transformations. It further explores pedagogical innovations, policy adaptations, and the challenges faced in the post-COVID era as education systems attempt to redefine themselves for the future.

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COVID-19, education, online learning, digital divide, post-pandemic education, policy adaptation, pedagogy

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Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a chronic gastrointestinal disorder characterized by symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, and irregular bowel movements, which significantly affect the quality of life. The proposed Smart Device for Monitoring and Managing Irritable Bowel Syndrome aims to provide an efficient and real-time solution for tracking physiological parameters related to IBS. The system integrates various sensors to monitor key indicators such as abdominal muscle activity, stress levels, body temperature, and diet patterns. Data collected from these sensors are processed using a micro-controller and transmitted to a mobile application for visualization and analysis. This continuous monitoring helps users identify potential triggers and patterns associated with symptom flare-ups, promoting personalized disease management. The device also includes an intelligent alert and recommendation system that provides lifestyle and dietary suggestions based on the user's recorded data trends. By combining IoT technology, biomedical sensing, and data analytic, this project offers a practical and user-friendly approach to improving IBS management. The system not only empowers patients to take control of their health but also provides valuable data for medical professionals to enhance diagnosis and treatment strategies

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Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), Smart Health Monitoring, IoT, Biomedical Sensors, DataAnalytics, Mobile Application, Personalized Healthcare.

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Corporate governance plays a pivotal role in ensuring transparency, accountability, and ethical conduct in financial management. This research paper examines how effective governance mechanisms can prevent financial frauds in both public and private organizations. The study explores theoretical perspectives, empirical evidence, and case analyses to establish a strong linkage between corporate governance practices and the mitigation of fraudulent activities. Findings reveal that strong governance frameworks, independent audits, and ethical leadership significantly reduce fraud risk. The paper concludes with recommendations to strengthen governance mechanisms for better financial integrity.

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Key words : Corporate Governance, Financial Frauds

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Marketing occupies a centric role in the determination of the success and sustainability of companies, regardless of their size, organizational structure, and industry. With the emergence of social media platforms, the mechanisms of communication through which the organizations express the message, promote their products, and engage consumers have been radically transformed. Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn, and YouTube have transformed marketing into an interactive, engaging, and data-oriented conversation, departing from the linear communication system. This paper examines the core role of marketing in the promotion of business growth and highlights the increasing credibility and strategic utilization of social media as an effective marketing tool. Furthermore, it examines the interrelation of social media awareness, consumers' engagement, and brand loyalty and demonstrates how these factors, integrated synergistically, enhance business results. Based on the results of the study, the integration of traditional marketing approaches and social media strategies plays an indispensable role for the achievement of competitive advantage and the sustenance of sustainable growth within the international market.

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Marketing, Social Media Awareness, Business Growth, Customer Engagement, Digital Marketing, Brand Awareness

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Literature is a mirror of society can never be confined to academics alone. Literature has diverse roles in contemporary culture and society. Literature is infinite and prevalent in multiple modes everywhere in today's society. Whether it is studied in the classroom, read for pleasure or purpose, literature is a central part of many lives. It offers not only a chance to enlighten a person, but it also gives the chance to broaden one's horizons and perspectives. Literature reflects humanity; it can nurture empathy and philosophy of mind, defamiliarize reality to stimulate familiar perception and reflect on human nature and in turn promote social change. The most notable aspect of Literature is its ability to transgress i.e. go beyond a set boundary or limit. The present paper will show the role of literature in contemporary society. With literature there is always a new reality to discover for Art is the greatest human expression. Thus literature has transcended time and is still an integral part of human life while forming critical components of today's class room curriculum.

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literature, beyond, role, society

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This paper explores the complex representations of masculinity and the pervasive sense of disillusionment in the select plays of Ed Bullins, one of the foremost dramatists of the Black Arts Movement. Bullins's theatre exposes the fractured psyche of Black men in urban America who wrestle with alienation, poverty, and the weight of racial oppression. His plays, such as In the Wine Time (1968), The Fabulous Miss Marie (1971), and The Taking of Miss Janie (1975), reveal men struggling to define their identities amidst social decay and personal failure. The study argues that Bullins redefines Black masculinity not as a symbol of power or pride but as a site of vulnerability, conflict, and moral crisis. Ultimately, Bullins transforms disillusionment into a moral awakening that reimagines masculinity as the capacity for emotional honesty within a society fractured by race, class, and gender. ________________________________________________________________________

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Ed Bullins, Black Arts Movement, Masculinity, Disillusionment, African American Drama, Urban Realism.

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The present study aims to examine the level of awareness and usage of customers toward e-banking services, as well as evaluate the relationship between demographic variables and e-banking adoption. Primary data were collected from 150 respondents through a structured questionnaire distributed among customers of various commercial banks in Salem City. The study employed descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and SEM Model analysis to interpret the data. The findings reveal that awareness and usage of e-banking services are significantly influenced by demographic variables such as age, education, and income. The results of this study will help banks and policymakers develop targeted strategies to promote digital financial inclusion and improve the overall efficiency of e-banking services in Salem City.

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E-Banking, Customer Awareness, Usage Patterns, Digital Banking, Customer Satisfaction, Technology Adoption, Salem City.

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Amy Tan's Saving Fish from Drowning (2005) employs spectral narration as a mediating instrument of culture by use of ghostly voice of Bibi Chen, a late Chinese American art dealer who takes readers through the lapses of a group of tourists in Burma. Tan, through the spectral viewpoint of Bibi, integrates and criticizes Chinese American diasporic sensibilities, Burmese landscapes of culture and Western views of its Asian perception. This paper is based on spectral theory (Gordon, 1997), postcolonial theory (Bhabha, 1994), and diaspora theory (Brah, 1996; Gilroy, 1993) to explore how the liminal state that Bibi experiences between the world of life and death is reflected in cultural and existential displacement. Her unreliable and ironic narration shatters East-West binaries and shows us that the exchange between cultures is flowing. The essay compares Saving Fish from Drowning to other recent works like Kingston the Woman Warrior, Morrison Beloved, and Rushdie Midnight Children to claim that Tan is rebranding the Asian American literary genre through the ghost narrator as a tool of cultural translation and moral thought and protest against erasing the historical record of the Chinese.

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Saving Fish from Drowning, spectral narration, ghost narrator, cultural mediation, diaspora, postcolonial critique, transnational fiction, cultural memory

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Primary education is the foundation of human development, shaping a child's intellectual, emotional, and cultural identity. In Bengal, where the Bengali language is central to thought and communication, the quality of primary education in the mother tongue has immense importance. This paper explores the current state of Bengali education at the primary level, analyzing the key factors that influence learning outcomes such as curriculum design, teacher training, teaching methods, parental involvement, and the socio-economic environment. The study further examines government initiatives, the impact of modern technologies, and the challenges that continue to hinder progress. It concludes with a holistic discussion on how to strengthen Bengali primary education through inclusive, creative, and culturally grounded reforms that ensure both equity and excellence in early learning.

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Bengali education, primary level, teacher training, literacy, curriculum reform, NEP 2020, language learning.

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Evolution, ironic to its meaning, remains constant. It is a part of life, that leads to development. The world has witnessed numerous evolutions in every sphere from nature's creations of humans to artificial creations, made by evolving humans. One such significant evolution of a human made product which has created a buzz around the world is an autonomous vehicle. This article attempts to view the legal implications of autonomous vehicles in few of the other countries and suggest what could be adopted from them to draft laws to govern self-driven vehicles in India and combat the legal challenges.

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Fresh; Insightful; Practical; Thorough; Creative

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The Mediation Act, 2023 ("the Act") represents a landmark step in India's legal reform agenda, aiming to institutionalize mediation as a credible and enforceable mode of alternative dispute resolution (ADR). It consolidates the fragmented legal framework on mediation, ensures the enforceability of Mediated Settlement Agreements (MSAs), and establishes the Mediation Council of India (MCI) as a regulatory and developmental authority. Globally, mediation is recognized for being cost-effective, confidential, and time-efficient. In India, however, mediation had remained underutilized due to the absence of statutory backing, limited public awareness, and deep-rooted cultural hierarchies that favor adjudicatory authority. By introducing a comprehensive framework, the Act enhances access to justice, reduces court pendency, and aligns India with international ADR trends. Yet, challenges persist; notably, the exclusion of provisions relating to the Singapore Convention on Mediation, unresolved questions regarding confidentiality exceptions, and limited clarity on mediator conduct and training. The Act's success ultimately depends on its ability to integrate legal, cultural, and institutional dimensions, thereby creating a robust ecosystem that balances party autonomy with the need for regulatory oversight.

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Mediation Act 2023; Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR); Access to Justice; Mediation Council of India (MCI); Mediated Settlement Agreement (MSA); Court Pendency; Evaluative-Facilitative Hybrid Model; Legal Framework of Mediation in India; Cultural Context of Mediation; Singapore Convention on Mediation; Institutional Mediation; Conflict Resolution; Legal Reform; Party Autonomy; Confidentiality in Mediation; International Commercial Mediation; Dispute Resolution Mechanisms; Legal Literacy; Pre-

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An extremely uncommon and severe type of abdominal ectopic pregnancy is called hepatic pregnancy, in which the embryo implants and grows on the liver's surface or inside its parenchyma. With fewer than 100 cases documented in the literature globally, hepatic pregnancies make up a very small percentage of all abdominal pregnancies and represent one of the rarest implantation sites in ectopic gestation. Due to the condition's uncommon clinical appearance and rarity, early identification is extremely challenging, frequently leading to delayed recognition and treatment, which can have potentially fatal outcomes for the mother. Nonspecific symptoms such right upper quadrant stomach pain, shoulder tip pain, gastrointestinal discomfort, nausea, or indications of internal bleeding--especially in situations of rupture--may be present in patients with hepatic pregnancy. These symptoms are frequently deceptive and do not immediately trigger suspicion of ectopic gestation, in contrast to tubal ectopic pregnancies. Furthermore, because of the liver's abundant arterial supply, hepatic pregnancies may progress farther into gestation than other ectopic kinds, raising the possibility of catastrophic hemorrhage. Imaging modalities have a major role in diagnosis. Hepatic implantation sites are frequently overlooked because of their location, even though transvaginal ultrasonography is still the first-line method for assessing suspected ectopic pregnancies. Doppler tests, abdominal ultrasonography, and particularly computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans are essential for pinpointing the precise location of implantation and assessing the degree of placental invasion into hepatic tissue. Hepatic pregnancy management is quite complicated and unique to each patient. Frequently, surgery is required, which may involve a laparotomy in which the gestational tissue is removed. Hepatic resection, hepatic vascular ligation, or preoperative embolization may be necessary in some circumstances to stop bleeding. In certain situations, either as a supplement to surgery or in situations where surgery has significant dangers, the chemotherapeutic drug methotrexate has been used to cause trophoblastic regression. However, a multidisciplinary team of obstetricians, general surgeons, hepatobiliary specialists, and interventional radiologists must carefully arrange treatment techniques. Hepatic pregnancy still carries a high risk of maternal morbidity and death, even with improvements in surgical and diagnostic imaging methods. Improving results requires prompt diagnosis, careful preoperative planning, and all-encompassing supportive care.

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Hepatic Pregnancy, Ectopic Pregnancy, Abdominal Pregnancy, Primary Hepatic Ectopic Pregnancy, Liver Implantation, Maternal Morbidity, Hemorrhage, Ultrasound

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This research article aims to analyze the life, political philosophy, and public service perspective of Yeddula Eswara Reddy, a distinguished figure in the political history of Andhra Pradesh. Representing the Kadapa constituency of Kadapa district, he actively participated in the state's developmental programs. The study examines his contributions toward equality, social justice, and the preservation of democratic values through his political journey. His close connection with the people, commitment to rural development, and dedication to party principles established him as an ideal public leader. The article seeks to explore the influence of his political legacy on regional politics, the values of democratic leadership, and the inspiration he provided for contemporary political thought.

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Yeddula Eswara Reddy, Communist, Leadership, Governance, Democratic

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सोयाबीन हे एक महत्त्वाचे व्यावसायिक तेलबिया पीक आहे. अधिक पौष्टिकता, कमी कालावधीत पीक घेण्याची सापी पद्धत व बाजारात मिळणारा चांगला भाव व जमीन व हवामानाची अनुकुलता यामुळे अभ्यास क्षेत्रात शेतकरी सोयाबीन पीक तालुक्या-निहाय घेत आहेत. म्हणून प्रस्तुत शोध निबंधात जिल्ह्यातील सन २०२०-२१ ते २०२३-२४ या काळात तालुका-निहाय सोयाबीन पिकाखालील क्षेत्र व उत्पादनाचा आढावा घेऊन या पिकाखालील क्षेत्र व उत्पादनात झालेला बदल यांचा अभ्यास करण्याचा प्रयत्न केला आहे.

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कृषी, क्षेत्र, सोयाबीन पिक, उत्पादन, बदल.

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Abstract: Today is the very important topic on the debate of the implementation of a Uniform Civil Code (UCC) in India which has been a very awaiting and controversial question, which reflects diverse perspectives, interests, and concerns. In this research paper we are highlighting about an in-depth analysis of the challenges, prospects, and stakeholder perspectives related to the Uniform Civil Code in India. This paper starts with an overview of the concept of what is Uniform Civil Code? And its intention in promoting gender equality, secularism, and social justice. In this context of the UCC in India, many debates arise during framing this in Indian Constitution and the successive legislative and judicial efforts towards its implementation. Referring on a review of academic literature, research studies, government reports, legal documents, and media sources, the paper pioneers the potential benefits and disadvantages of implementing a Uniform Civil Code. It examines the legal, political, social, and cultural challenges involved in enforcing legal reforms in a diverse and naturalistic society like India. This paper discusses strategies for concurrences building and stakeholder involvement, stressing the importance of inclusive dialogue, education, advisory processes, and political leadership in gaining the cause of legal reform. It interrogates the role of the judiciary, civil society organizations and political actors in shaping the exchange and lobbying public opinion on the UCC. It discusses the current condition, on-going initiatives, latest developments, and future outlooks for advancing the UCC agenda in India.

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Key Words: Uniform Civil Code, Implementation, Challenges, Perspectives and India

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Agility, SAQ Training, Interval Training, Sand Training and Football Players

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The vision of Viksit Bharat 2047 emphasizes the creation of a prosperous, inclusive, and globally competitive India through innovation, entrepreneurship, sustainability, and self-reliance. Start-ups, supported by Atal Incubation Centres, are emerging as dynamic engines of growth by generating employment, fostering creativity, and building a knowledge-driven economy. These centres not only provide mentoring and resources but also cultivate an ecosystem where innovative ideas can be translated into scalable solutions for national development. Simultaneously, initiatives such as the Smart Cities Mission are reshaping urban landscapes with technology-enabled governance, sustainable infrastructure, and improved quality of life, ensuring cities act as hubs of growth and innovation. Complementing this, the Digital India Mission is bridging the digital divide, promoting e-governance, and empowering citizens through accessible technology. The Make in India and Atmanirbhar Bharat Mission reinforce economic self-reliance by encouraging indigenous manufacturing, attracting investments, and strengthening India's position in global value chains. On the other hand, the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan contributes to health, sanitation, and environmental well-being, forming the foundation for a healthier and more productive society. Innovation stands as the unifying thread across these initiatives, ensuring synergy and long-term impact. Together, these programs reflect a comprehensive development model where economic progress, technological empowerment, environmental sustainability, and social inclusion converge. Their integrated implementation is crucial in achieving the goals of Viksit Bharat, paving the way for India to transform into a self-reliant, technologically advanced, and globally respected nation by 2047.

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Viksit Bharat 2047, Innovation and Start-ups, Digital India Mission, Atmanirbhar Bharat, Sustainable Development etc.

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