Volume 12 | Issue 10

 Abstract

Apart from the availability of healthcare in India and Thailand, this research article presents a thorough assessment of the health hazards encountered by sex workers in both of these nations. The study looks at the several health problems sex workers usually deal with: physical aggression, mental health problems, drug use concerns, higher vulnerability to HIV/AIDS, sexually transmitted diseases (STIs). The study also carefully goes over the healthcare initiatives accessible to foreign sex workers. It points out that access to high-quality healthcare is hampered by society stigma, poorly focused healthcare services, limited budgets, and legal liability concerns. Emphasizing development in community-led programs, non-governmental interventions, and foreign support campaigns, the study also underlines existing activities aiming at lowering these healthcare barriers

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Comparative Law Research Paper

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An education loan is a financial product designed to help individuals cover the cost of their education. For every 1% rise in GDP, demand for education loan rises by 3% (Chakraborty, 2011). In 2001, the Government of India in consultation with the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and the Indian Banks' Association (IBA) introduced the Education Loan Scheme. Education loans were made part of priority sector lending. The commercial banks are providing educational loans to the needy students under various schemes. The present paper tries to critically examine the procedure of educational loans offered by various banks and students' perception and experience with educational loans. Both the students and the commercial banks are benefitted by this study. The outcomes of the study would act as a feedback to them so that they can improve the procedure of implementation of educational loan schemes without compromising the interest of the students.

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Educational loan, Higher Education, Barak Valley, Assam

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Early Childhood Education (ECE) is the norm of cultivating the young mind. It is a proven fact that brain development of young ones is greatly affected by early education. Early education helps children to gain the social, emotional, physical and cognitive development. This is foundational and becomes the cornerstone for later education. The importance of early childhood education helps to develop a 'lifelong love of learning' in children. Researchers claim it is imperative that core values and skills be developed in the early years of a child. What better time to begin the study of the child's surroundings? Love for the environment has to be generated in the early life of a child. Inadequate environmental education results in an unconsciousness attitude to the dangers of environmental problems. As educational syllabus becomes tedious, environmental consciousness and ethics can be introduced through captivating literature. What steps can we take to awaken the young mind towards protecting the world environment? This paper proves how generating love for the environment in the malleable mind of children makes a monumental difference towards environmental consciousness. This paper examines the importance of a non-formal environmental education. It studies how consciousness, created through literature, goes a longer way in saving the Earth.

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Ecocriticism, ecology, environs, consciousness

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????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??????, ???? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???, ?? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?????, ???? ??? ????????, ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ???, ????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?????????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???? LGBTQIA+ ?? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ???

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'???? ?????' ??? ??????????

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Baya weavers(Ploceus philippinus) build nests live in colonies. Bird is very intelligent and docile has love-hate relationship with local people.This bird if famous for the construction of elongated inverted bottle shaped nest. An attempt was made to study abnormal nests of baya weaver (Ploceus philippinus) in different zones of Semi aried district, Rajasthan. The study was carried out from July 2023 to September 2024 and the detail nests data was obtained using direct count method. A total of 56 abnormal nests were observed in four different zones, of which 10 (11.36%) in zone-1, 13 (13.40%) in zone-2, 27 (15.34%) in zone -3 and 6 (5.61%) in zone-4 respectively. These 56 abnormal nests were broadly classified into simple and mixed abnormal nests which belong to 8 different types namely stalk-less nests (4), multi-stalk nests (3), wide-stalk nests (15), chained nests (1), fused nests (2), pseudo bistoreyed nests (9), bistoreyed nests (20), and crown shaped nests (2). It is clear that there was a trend towards building of pseudobistoreyed nests, bistoreyed nests followed by wide stalked nests.

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KEYWORDS: Baya weaver, abnormal nests bistoreyed, multistoreyed, zones,

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This venture offers an inventive, information driven answer for help rural efficiency. By coordinating AI models, it gives exact proposals to trim choice, illness location, and government plans. Key elements incorporate harvest forecast in light of soil quality and atmospheric conditions, as well as early illness location through cutting edge picture handling. Furthermore, ranchers get commercial center ideas. This task engages ranchers with noteworthy bits of knowledge, advancing feasible horticulture, lessening chances, and upgrading productivity. In this paper we are three unique calculations for location of soil type, proposals of harvests, pesticides for crop illness utilizing convolutional brain organization and for recommending the business data utilizing k closest area model.

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Crop Selection, Disease Detection, Crop Prediction, Sustainable Agriculture.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly accelerated the adoption of telemedicine in Odisha, providing a critical avenue for healthcare access in rural and underserved areas. This paper explores the legal and economic dimensions of telemedicine in the state, analysing how the Telemedicine Practice Guidelines, 2020, have shaped remote healthcare delivery. Despite the promise of these guidelines, their application in Odisha faces several limitations. Key legal challenges include data privacy concerns, cross-state licensing for healthcare professionals, and the absence of localized regulatory frameworks tailored to Odisha's unique needs. These legal hurdles impede the wider implementation of telemedicine, especially in tribal and remote regions where healthcare access is most needed. Economically, telemedicine presents significant opportunities for reducing healthcare costs, increasing efficiency, and improving access to specialist care. The paper highlights how telemedicine reduces the need for extensive physical infrastructure, thus cutting costs for both healthcare providers and patients. However, the economic potential is constrained by Odisha's digital divide, a lack of sufficient telemedicine infrastructure, and over-reliance on government programs like the Biju Swasthya Kalyan Yojana (BSKY). The sustainability of these programs remains uncertain, particularly in the absence of long-term financial planning. The paper examines successful case studies of telemedicine in Odisha, demonstrating the positive impact of telemedicine on healthcare delivery. However, it emphasizes the urgent need for legal reforms to address existing regulatory gaps and economic policies that encourage investment in digital healthcare infrastructure. Balancing the economic advantages of telemedicine with the necessary legal protections is critical for ensuring equitable and sustainable healthcare in Odisha.

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Data Privacy, Economic Opportunities, Healthcare, Odisha, Telemedicine Regulation.

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The choice of an appropriate response reduction factor (R) in the seismic design of a reinforced concrete building is crucial to the building's seismic response. Static non-linear pushover analysis is used to achieve this target by figuring out the building's actual stiffness. Sometimes designing a building with a vertical combination of several lateral force-resisting systems is important in structural engineering. For example, the structure's upper portion could be a shear wall or braced frame, and the bottom could be a rigid frame for example. This study uses finite element models with varying story numbers and lateral force resisting system configurations to examine the impact of vertically variable lateral load resisting systems through utilizing Performance-based seismic design (PBSD), which gained popularity over the previous few years and by introducing response modification factor (R). For the objective of this study, three-dimensional (3D) models are used for two different residential reinforced concrete building groups that cover different heights and lateral system configurations, group (1) includes 10 buildings with different numbers of storeys (10,15,20) floors with both Moment-Resisting Frames at some floors and Shear Walls (at X global direction) at other ones, group (2) includes 10 buildings with different numbers of storeys (10,15,20) floors with both Moment-Resisting Frames at some floors and Shear Walls (at both X global direction and Y global direction) at other ones. The study concluded that configuration of the lateral system in the vertical direction is sensitive and has a significant impact on the response reduction factor.

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Performance-Based Design, Non-Linear Static Pushover Analysis, Response Modification Factor, Shear Walls, RC Moment Resisting Frames.

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This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on pubertal changes among 6th and 7th standard girls in Shri Suresh Sharma Smarak Vidyapeeth School, Suresh Sharma Nagar, Bareilly (U.P). The objectives of the study were to assess the knowledge regarding pubertal changes among the target population, evaluate the effectiveness of the planned teaching programme, and find out the association between pre-test knowledge scores with their selected demographic variables. A quantitative research approach was adopted A non-probability convenient sampling technique was used to select 30 participants. The data collection tool used was a structured knowledge questionnaire, and the findings revealed that initially, 60% of the respondents had inadequate knowledge scores, while 0% had adequate scores. However, after the implementation of the planned teaching programme, 86.7% of respondents had adequate knowledge scores, and none had inadequate scores. The study also found a significant association between selected demographic variables, such as the age at menstruation started, religion, profession of mother and father, type of family, and source of information. The study concluded that the planned teaching programme was effective in improving the knowledge of the 6th and 7th standard girls regarding pubertal changes

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Pubertal changes, menstruation, Effectiveness

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In the era of digital personalization, recommendation systems play a crucial role in enhancing user experience by suggesting relevant content based on individual preferences. However, the centralized collection and processing of user data in traditional recommendation systems pose significant privacy risks. This research proposes a novel privacy-preserving recommendation model using Federated Learning (FL) to address these concerns. By decentralizing the training process, user data remains on local devices, and only model updates are shared with a central server, ensuring that sensitive information is never exposed. To further protect user privacy, we integrate Differential Privacy (DP) techniques at both the local training and model aggregation stages. An adaptive clipping strategy is also introduced to optimize the balance between privacy protection and recommendation accuracy. The proposed model is evaluated using real-world datasets, focusing on key metrics such as accuracy, privacy loss, and computational efficiency. Our results demonstrate that the model effectively safeguards user privacy while delivering high-quality recommendations. This approach offers a scalable and secure solution for privacy-preserving recommendation systems, paving the way for future advancements in privacy-centric applications across various industries.

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Federated Learning, Privacy Preservation, Differential Privacy, Recommender systems

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Financial Autonomy among women has been a trending and an important topic to study in this era. In a world where almost, all women have to manage finances directly or indirectly, financial autonomy is a must and hence this research paper has been written to point out the financial autonomy among working women. The variables used for this study are - Financial Literacy, Financial Capacity and Capabilities, Financial Goals, Financial Decision Making. The research uses a descriptive and exploratory research design aimed to understand the financial autonomy among working women and its impact on financial decision making in Chhatrapati Sambhaji Nagar. The tool used for this study was regression analysis, where specifically ANOVA and Coefficient of Regression were used. And from this study we found that knowledge plays a crucial role in enhancing the financial decision-making abilities of working women, highlighting the need for educational initiatives aimed at financially empowering women. In contrast, demographic factors like age and income were found not to substantially influence financial autonomy or decision-making capabilities.

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Financial Autonomy, Financial Decision Making.

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The use of ionizing radiation in healthcare has grown significantly, providing essential diagnostic and therapeutic benefits. However, radiation exposure poses notable risks to healthcare professionals, including both acute effects like skin burns and long-term consequences such as cancer and genetic mutations. This review addresses these risks and examines key radiation safety principles, particularly the ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) principle, which focuses on minimizing exposure through time management, maintaining distance, and using protective shielding. The role of healthcare institutions in ensuring safety through training, regular monitoring, and adherence to safety protocols is emphasized. Innovations such as low-dose imaging modalities and AI-driven safety systems are also explored as critical tools for enhancing radiation protection. Despite these advances, challenges such as lack of awareness, resource limitations, and resistance to adopting safety practices persist. Ongoing research, policy improvements, and enhanced safety training are essential to improving radiation safety in healthcare environments.

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Radiation safety, occupational exposure, ALARA principle, healthcare professionals, ionizing radiation, radiation risks, radiation protection, personal dosimetry, low-dose imaging, healthcare training.

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Used in stick games, Lathi is a Prakrit word derived from the Sanskrit word 'farm yasti'. Stick games can be called stick tricks. Lathi playing is a traditional Martial Arts, one of the oldest Martial Arts in the world. Lathi playing is now followed only on religious occasions such as Muharram and Ram Navami. The game is generally followed in India and Bangladesh nowadays, Lathi game is a type of fighting with sticks and the skilled players were called Lathial and Barkandaz. Lathi game has come in modern times and it has become a recreational game in a religious ceremony. Because in medieval India this stick game was a means of showing valor and bravery of Bengali and Indian heroes. During the Indian independence war, this stick game was followed to create nationalistic spirit and fighting spirit. And the Hindu Mela of Navgopal Mitra, Mitra Mela of Vinayi Sabhakar and Ganesh Sabhakar, Dhaka Practice Association of Pulin Bihari Das played the most significant role in teaching this stick game. Deepali Sangh and Mahila Rashtra Sangh were established to make women physically strong and mentally strong. Therefore, the main purpose of my writing is to not think of stick game as just an entertainment aspect, and forget about communalism and use it as a part of character building. In today's society, especially if women are taught to use all types of weapons used in this game, then women nowadays I think it will be possible to eliminate the constant victimization and they will be able to protect themselves.

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Barkandaz, Hazrat Muhammad, Sriram, Akhara, Pritilata Waddedar.

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Abstract This study examines the pressing global health threat of antibiotic resistance (AMR), emphasizing its origins, mechanisms, and the multifaceted approaches needed to combat it. The emergence of AMR is largely driven by the inappropriate use of antibiotics, leading to resistance development in various bacterial populations. Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) plays a critical role in the dissemination of resistance genes among bacteria, exacerbating the challenge across healthcare settings, including community environments. The study highlights the impact of biofilms on infection persistence and resistance, as well as the complex evolutionary adaptations of bacteria to survive antibiotic pressure. Additionally, it reviews the mechanisms by which bacteria develop resistance, including enzymatic inactivation, alterations in drug targets, and efflux systems. The economic burden of AMR is substantial, affecting healthcare costs and patient outcomes, particularly in vulnerable populations. Factors contributing to resistance include over-prescription, self-medication, and environmental influences. Preventive strategies such as vaccination and the development of novel antibiotics, including nanoparticles, are discussed as potential solutions. The study calls for a collaborative One Health approach to monitor and address AMR in human health, agriculture, and the environment, underscoring the urgent need for innovative research and policy initiatives to mitigate this crisis.

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Keywords: Horizontal Gene Transfer (HGT), Biofilms, Genetic Determinants, Active Efflux, Nanoparticles

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In today's world, the OTT platform offers numerous benefits, offering convenience and flexibility to access content at any time anywhere. It offers a variety of content, ranging from global movies and TV shows to regional and localized shows, catering to diverse tastes. This study focuses on the user's perception and satisfaction with OTT platform in Coimbatore city highlighting key factors such as cost of service, content variety, ease of use and pricing. It reveals the local resident's preference and satisfaction with the OTT platform.

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OTT Platform, Preference, Satisfaction

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Perumal Murugan's Poonachi or the Story of a Black Goat, translated by N. Kalyan Raman, portrays the struggles of Poonachi, a voiceless and defenceless she-goat. Throughout her life, Poonachi faces adversity due to her distinct appearance, representing the marginalized and oppressed. The novel draws parallels between the treatment of animals and the plight of women, offering a powerful critique of social hierarchies. Poonachi's experiences symbolize the intersectional oppression faced by women at the lowest social, political, and cultural levels. Deprived of autonomy and constantly subjected to fear and exploitation, her narrative mirrors the struggles of women whose desires are suppressed by patriarchal structures. This paper explores the ecofeminist dimensions of Poonachi's character, focusing on her dual role as both a female and a part of the natural world. The paper analyses the ecofeministic aspects of the character Poonachi who embodies the dual oppression of women and nature, reflecting patriarchal dominance over both.

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Ecofeminism, patriarchy, rural narratives, animal symbolism .

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Digital marketing is a form of electronic communication that marketers utilize to promote their products and services to the marketplace. The ultimate goal of digital marketing is to concern people and allow them to interact with the product through digital media. This article focuses on the importance of digital marketing for both customers and marketers. We examine the impact of digital marketing on the firm's revenues. To acquire a clear view of the current study, 50 respondents' opinions are gathered.

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digital marketing, promotion, consistency, and interaction.

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The study investigates the user's perception and satisfaction towards Google Pay and PhonePe in Coimbatore city. Google Pay and PhonePe become one of the most popular digital payment apps in India due to their ease of use and secure transactions. The digital payments in India have grown due to increased smartphones and internet access. Popular digital payment systems have been a driving force in the Indian digital economy. The study helps identify the problems customers face while using the digital payment of Google Pay and PhonePe.

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Google Pay, Phonepe, Perceptions, and satisfaction

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Hemangiomas are growths that happen in babies. They happen when certain cells in their blood vessels grow too fast at first and then shrink over time. Other problems with blood vessels in babies are called malformations, and they happen because the blood vessels didn't develop correctly. These malformations have cells that keep growing and don't shrink. Hemangiomas are the most common growths that babies get, and they have two phases: growing and shrinking. They are more common in white babies than black ones, and they affect girls more than boys, with three girls getting them for every one boy.

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Hemangioma,malformations,Spider angioma,Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasis,

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Waste is any substance which is discarded after primary use, or is worthless, defective and of no use. Objectives of the Study : To assess the pre-test knowledge on Bio-Degradable and Non-Bio-degradable waste disposal management and to evaluate the structured teaching programme regarding Bio-Degradable and Non-Bio- degradable waste disposal management and also to find out association between knowledge on Bio-Degradable and Non-Bio-degradable waste disposal management with selected demographic variables. A quantitative research approach used in this study. A pre- experimental research design (one group pre-test post test design) was adopted in this study. . Total 100 samples of both male and female were selected in Government High School. Thirubhuvani, Puducherry. The Period of data collection was six weeks. The purposes and benefits of the study was explained to school students. After obtaining oral consent primarily the demographic data was obtained from the sample. Investigator assessed the level of knowledge using the questionnaires. The data was collected and were analyzed in terms of both descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings revealed that knowledge in pre-test of out of 100 school students, 10(10%) had inadequate level of knowledge it shows the school students lack in the awareness regarding the bio Degradable and Non-Bio-degradable waste disposal management, 90% of students are having a moderate level of knowledge after giving structured teaching programme out of 100 students in level of knowledge, none of them were inadequate knowledge, 85% were moderately adequate knowledge, 15% were in adequate knowledge . The paired 't' test overall value is -31.01 for knowledge which are statistically highly significant at the level of p<0.001. This shows the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on Bio-Degradable and Non-Bio-degradable waste disposal management , knowledge had improved.In conclusion it was evident that on evaluate the effectiveness of Structured teaching programme on Bio-Degradable and Non-Bio-degradable waste disposal management among school students was very effective. The teaching regarding Bio-Degradable and Non-Bio- degradable waste disposal management will improve the knowledge among school students.

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Structured teaching programme ,Bio-Degradable and Non-Bio- degradable waste disposal management

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition