Volume 13 | Issue 10

 Abstract

The introduction of Sanskrit learning in Tibet is not just the recent one but it has the history of more than thousand years. Learning of Sanskrit grammar has been a mandatory and important curriculum in the Tibetan Buddhist academic curriculum for more than a millennium for the Tibetan monk scholars who were engaged in the task of translation of Sanskrit-Tibetan literature. But the actual learning of Sanskrit grammar through the Tibetan translation began in the 13th century. The s?tras are transliterated in Tibetan script along with its Tibetan translation. S?tras are memorized not in Sanskrit but in Tibetan language. Tibetan monk scholars in Tibet who were and are well versed in Sanskrit grammar pursuit their learning of Sanskrit through the Tibetan translation and transliteration form but they do not know how to read and write Devanagari.

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Songtsan Gampo, Thonmi Sambhota, Lha rig pa'i senge, Brahman Lipikara, Tride Songtsen, Mah?viyutpatti, Madhyavyutpatti, Sakya Pandita,

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The globalization of fiscal requests has needed the confluence of fiscal reporting practices to insure thickness, translucency, and community across nations. India, in its pursuit of aligning with global norms, espoused the Indian Accounting norms ( Ind AS), a frame grounded on the International Financial Reporting norms( IFRS). This paper reviews the trip of Ind AS relinquishment, its challenges, and its impact on Indian corporates and stakeholders. It explores the metamorphosis in fiscal reporting practices and how these norms have enhanced translucency, reduced information asymmetry, and bettered global investor confidence. Also, the paper discusses the practical challenges faced during the perpetration process, similar as nonsupervisory acclimations, training, and technological support. This review aims to give perceptivity into the integration process, offering a comprehensive understanding of the part of Ind AS in India's global fiscal reporting confluence.

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Indian Accounting norms( Ind AS), IFRS Convergence, Global Financial Reporting, Financial translucency, Commercial Compliance, Regulatory Framework

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Parkinson's disease (PD) a degenerative neurological condition that impairs both motor and non-motor abilities. To manage symptoms and enhance the quality of life for patients, early detection is essential. With the use of several data modalities, such as voice recordings, handwriting samples, and facial expressions, this study offers an AI-based predicting method for Parkinson's disease. To determine the probability of Parkinson's disease, the system uses machine learning algorithms to extract important information from these inputs. The suggested method provides a non-invasive, effective, and easily available early diagnosis tool that can help medical practitioners intervene promptly and provide improved patient care.

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Early Diagnosis, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Voice Analysis, Handwriting Analysis, Facial Expression Analysis, Predictive Healthcare

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Background: In ?yurveda, Manasa Prakriti is the inherent mental constitution formed by the predominance of Sattva, Rajas, and Tamas at the time of conception. It plays a crucial role in determining an individual's psychological tendencies, behavioral patterns, and emotional stability. An?vasthita Cittatva, characterized by instability or fickleness of the mind, is described as a Manovik?ra and has parallels with modern psychological conditions like attention-deficit traits, anxiety, or emotional dysregulation. Aim and Objectives: Aim To study the concept of Manasa Prakriti and its role in the development of An?vasthita Cittatva. Objectives-To review ?yurvedic texts on Manasa Prakriti., To understand An?vasthita Cittatva and its features. To analyze the link between Manasa Prakriti and An?vasthita Cittatva. To correlate findings with modern psychological conditions. To suggest preventive and management approaches based on Prakriti. Materials and Methods: A critical review was undertaken by collecting references from Bruhattray?, Laghutray?, and ?yurveda Manas?roga texts. Correlating views from modern psychology and psychiatry were reviewed for comparative understanding. Data from classical Ayurvedic definitions and psychodynamic traits were synthesized to develop a conceptual framework linking Manasa Prakriti with An?vasthita Cittatva. Observations and Results: It was observed that individuals with predominant R?jasa and T?masa Manasa Prakriti are more prone to develop An?vasthita Cittatva. Traits such as impulsiveness, indecisiveness, and emotional instability were common in such Prakritis, while S?ttvika Prakriti showed resilience against such disorders. Discussion: The study reveals that understanding Manasa Prakriti can offer a preventive approach in the early identification of vulnerable mental constitutions. It bridges classical Ayurvedic psychological theory with modern psychopathological insights and promotes holistic mental health evaluation. Conclusion: Manasa Prakriti plays a foundational role in mental health, and its dominance significantly influences the occurrence of An?vasthita Cittatva. Early classification and management based on Prakriti may aid in the prevention and better treatment outcomes of mental disorders.

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Keywords: Manasa Prakriti, An?vasthita Cittatva, Manovik?ra, S?ttvika R?jasa T?masa, Psychopathology, Ayurvedic Psychology

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Songtsan Gampo, Mahasiddhas, N?ropa, Maitripa, Marpa Lotsawa, Guhyasam?ja, Cakrasa?vara, Hevajra, Maham?y?, Catu?p??ha

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Milk, Adulteration,Chemicals

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This paper analyses the theme of constrained relationship among the characters in Salman Rushdie's fiction 'The Moor's Last Sigh'. The Moor's Last Sigh is a novel published in 1995. It's a complex and layered story that explores themes of identity, culture and family history. In the novel constrained relationship is a recurring theme, particularly in the context of family dynamics and cultural expectations. The novel blends magical realism, historical fiction and satire. A constrained relationship in literature refers to a relationship between characters that is limited, restricted or complicated by various factors such as unresolved conflicts, unrequited love, or suppressed emotions. In the social contest it can arise on social expectations, class differences or cultural norms. Constrained relationship can be made on physical distance, separation and limitations. Trauma, mental health and personality conflicts can also create constrained relationship.

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Family relationship, constrained relationship.

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The evolution of digital orthodontics has led to significant advancements in precision treatment techniques. Among these, robotic wire bending and automated bracket placement have emerged as transformative technologies. Robotic systems are capable of fabricating archwires with high accuracy, while automated bracket positioning enables consistent and reproducible outcomes with minimal manual intervention. This review summarizes the principles, technologies, advantages, challenges, and future directions of these innovations. By integrating computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM), artificial intelligence (AI), and robotic automation, orthodontic workflows are becoming more efficient, patient-centered, and outcome-driven. The paper emphasizes the clinical relevance of robotic-assisted orthodontics, highlighting its role in improving treatment predictability and reducing chairside time. Future developments will likely involve adaptive AI systems and digital twin technology to achieve fully automated orthodontic processes.

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Orthodontics, robotic wire bending, automated bracket placement, CAD/CAM, artificial intelligence, digital orthodontics

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The Smart Data Visualizer is a dynamic web-based application designed to simplify the process of understanding and interpreting data through interactive visual representations. Built using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, the system enables users to upload or input datasets and automatically generate visually appealing charts, graphs, and summaries. It provides features such as customizable visualization types, responsive layouts, and real-time data updates, allowing users to analyze trends and patterns effortlessly. The project demonstrates the integration of front-end web technologies with data handling and visualization logic, offering an intuitive interface for users without requiring advanced programming knowledge. This smart approach to data visualization enhances decision-making by transforming raw data into meaningful insights through a simple, browser-based tool.

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Data Visualization, Interactive Charts, Data Analysis, Real-time Visualization

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Human Resource Management (HRM) has undergone a profound transformation in the past two decades, moving from an administrative support function to a strategic driver of organizational success. The rapid globalization of business, technological advancements, changing workforce demographics, and evolving employee expectations have made HRM more complex and more critical than ever before. This chapter explores the recent trends shaping the field of HRM with a focus on contemporary practices in planning, placement, transfer, remuneration, job analysis, training and development, performance appraisal, compensation, industrial relations, employee and labor relations, risk management, induction and orientation, recruitment and selection, motivation, welfare, health and safety, diversity and inclusion, HR technology, global human resources, organizational effectiveness, and corporate social responsibility. Through a review of theories, processes, and practices, this chapter highlights the shift from traditional HR functions to strategic human capital management. It further explains how HR professionals today are required to balance efficiency with innovation while addressing ethical, social, and environmental responsibilities.

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Keywords Human Resource Management, HR Technology, Employee Relations, Training and Development, Performance Appraisal, Compensation, Diversity and Inclusion, Global HR, Strategic HRM, Organizational Effectiveness, Corporate Social Responsibility.

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The purpose of the study was to analyze the college students' perception towards sports. The participants of the study were between the age of 21 to 25 (N=115) from Mangattuparmba campus, Kannur University, Kerala. The direct personal interview method was used to collect data from the students. The response data were analysed by using frequencies and percentages. The result shows that sports interest 77.4%, sports awareness 79.1% and sports participation 73%. Out of total participation 51.35% in athletics, 6.1% in cricket, 4.3% in badminton, 1.7% in volleyball, chess, table tennis and football, .9% in hockey, judo, tae-kwando, kho-kho and 27.8% showed no participation. The 31 non-participants 48.4% showed no interest to take part, 41.9% introvert personality, and 9.7% showed family interference. 33.9% student's favourite sport is cricket, 16.5% is football, 13.9% is badminton, 4.3% is athletics, 2.6% is volleyball, 8.7% is other type of sports, and 20% showed no favourite sport. 56.5% respond Indian sports performance is average, 29.6% respond Indian performance is poor and 13.9% no idea, 81% of the students predict India will highlight in future, 19.1% showed no change in Indian sports and 10.4% no idea. 28.7% showed reason for poor performance due to lack of training, 21.7% lack of Govt. support, 20.7% lack of facilities, 8.9% because of high cost, 5.2% lack of motivation, and 1.7% any other reason, and 13% no idea. According to this study, to improve basic awareness is a crucial and central goal for almost all higher education institutions. There is still a need to conduct more research related to this area in different universities and colleges in India, however, can bring out the basic awareness in different region wise and can take necessary programmes accordingly.

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College students, Perception, Sports and Games

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Choosing the appropriate antifungal has become more difficult because of a rising number of invasive fungal infections and changing resistance patterns. This paper aims to provide insight into how pharmacokinetic properties, characteristics of the fungal organism, and patient-specific factors affect selection of the appropriate antifungal agent. These variables can be narrowed down somewhat according to the susceptibility of particular fungi, the site of infection and pharmacokinetic factors eg, how well a drug reaches within infected tissues or its elimination from the body. Just as they are decisions about the activity of a drug in tumours, there are also factors which relate to the patient as an individual - immune status, renal and hepatic function, total body burdens and possibly other medications. Infections caused by resistant organisms like Candida glabrata and Aspergillus fumigatus call for susceptibility testing and informed treatment decisions. Additionally, the cost, availability, and required duration of treatment must be taken into account, particularly for long-term therapies. Results attributed to resistant Candida glabrata and Aspergillus fumigatus require susceptibility testing and informed therapeutic choices. The price is also being contemplated, in addition to accessibility and the necessary treatment time -- which is particularly relevant for therapies over the long term. Overall, this review emphasizes the importance of a personalized, evidence-based approach to antifungal selection--one that not only improves treatment outcomes but also helps prevent toxicity and drug resistance

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Invasive fungal infections

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Artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) being used in conjunction with digital transformation and data science (DS). Robotic Process Automation (RPA) has numerous advantages in terms of automating organizational and business processes with the help of ML and AI. The fields of AI, ML, RPA and DS have a great deal of overlap, but they are not interchangeable. Here is a very simplified explanation of how these three areas differ:DS produces insights; produces predictions; AI produces actions.The findings highlight the significant role of AI-driven automation in enhancing efficiency, productivity, and competitiveness, while also emphasizing the need for addressing job displacement and ethical considerations in the deployment of these technologies. Overall, this research sheds light on the potential of AI to revolutionize industries and reshape the future of work in a more streamlined and ethically grounded technological landscape. Mathematical functions can be used to perform predictions for a given dataset. The types of functions include: Simple Linear, Multiple Linear, Polynomial etc. In this paper we will analyse how DS deals with huge chunks of data to analyze the patterns, trends and more and gave scientific facts and figures to form AI algorithm precisely i.e., AI has taken over DS as a function.

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Data science, mathematical modelling, mathematical functions, artificial intelligence, machine learning.

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The study is carried out mainly to know the capital structure and its impact on financial performance of Indian steel industry in India with particular reference to JSW Steel based on the market capitalization for a period of ten years from 2015-16 to 2024-25 using four profitability ratios viz., operating profit margin, return on assets return on equity and return on capital employed and three capital structure ratios viz., DER, Debt ratio assets and interest coverage ratiofor the purpose of profitability. The study assessed the relationship among these variables. There is a negative relationship between capital structure and financial performance regarding Debt equity ratio and debt ratio and the first hypothesis is accepted. The study recommended to adopt strategies and find opportunities to improve profitability of these concerns.

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Capital structure, Profitability ratios, Market capitalisation, Steel Industry.

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The financial health of a firm plays a crucial role in determining its market value, operational efficiency, and long-term sustainability. This study examined the impact of financial health on the value of firms in the Indian steel industry,for a period of twelve years from 2013-14 to 2024-25 using Z-Score. It is an essential sector contributing significantly to the country's economic development. Since the implementation of the LPG (Liberalization, Privatization, and Globalization) policy in 1992, the Indian steel industry has undergone substantial transformation, with increased competition, foreign investment, and capital market participation. The findings suggest that firms with strong financial health exhibit higher market value, better investor confidence, and improved growth potential only for JSL Steel.So the companies seriously look into the matter and try improve the health condition to bring the companies into the safety zone.

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Key words: Market capitalization, Financial health, Firm value, Steel industry.

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The advent of digital streaming services has accelerated the digitisation of the media and entertainment business, leading to market consolidation and reshaping content creation, distribution, and consumption. Complex competition law issues are raised by this paradigm change, such as the possibility of anti-competitive mergers, exclusive license agreements, cartel-like pricing fixing, market foreclosure hazards for smaller competitors, and the abuse of power by major digital platforms. This study takes a close look at these problems from the perspective of Indian law governing competition, namely the Competition Act of 2002, by examining the CCI's enforcement efforts, important regulatory reactions, and case laws. In order to promote a fair and competitive media ecosystem, it is important to comprehend how digital platforms alter conventional market dynamics, the efficacy of existing merger controls, and the interaction between copyright and competition law. This paper argues that in order to protect innovation, consumer welfare, and fair competition in the ever-changing entertainment industry, the government should take the initiative and enhance regulatory frameworks. It seeks to provide legal professionals, industry stakeholders, and policymakers with insights to manage the antitrust ramifications of the digital transition and guarantee long-term development in India's film and entertainment business.

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Competition Law; Entertainment Industry; Digitization; Over-The-Top; Streaming Platforms

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Infection have emerged as a significant global health concern, particularly among individuals delivery methods is highlighted by the rise in antifungal resistance and the drawbacks of traditional formulations. The formulation of antifungal treatments is examined in this review, encompassing both traditional and novel systems. There includes a through discussion of important elements such solubility, permeability, stability, targeted delivery and patient adherence.The potential of novel platforms based on nanotechnology, including as liposomes, nanosponges, ethosomes and transdermal gels, to improve treatment results, increase safety, and reduce side effects is investigated.

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Targeted delivery Patient adherence Permeability Transdermal gels Ethsomes Liposomes Nanoemulsions Nanosponges

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In today's digital landscape, social media influencers play a pivotal role in shaping consumer perceptions and purchase decisions. This study titled "The Impact of Influencers' Trust in Shaping the Purchase Decisions of Cosmetic Products among Working Women in Coimbatore City" explores how the trustworthiness of influencers affects cosmetic buying behaviour among working women. A structured questionnaire was distributed through Google Forms to 15 respondents, and data were analyzed using percentage analysis, Chi-square, ANOVA, and correlation techniques. The findings reveal that while occupation significantly influences the frequency of cosmetic purchases, income level does not determine brand preference. Furthermore, trust in influencers is not related to online shopping frequency. Key trust factors such as authenticity, clarity, knowledge, and transparency were found to be interrelated and crucial in building influencer credibility. The study concludes that influencers who maintain honesty and transparency can effectively influence consumer decisions, emphasizing that trust is the cornerstone of successful influencer marketing in the cosmetic industry.

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Influencer Marketing, Trust, Purchase Decision, Working Women, Cosmetics, Social Media, Consumer Behaviour.

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In an era where the dynamics of global power are rapidly evolving, the tools and tactics of diplomacy are also undergoing a significant transformation. Traditional notions of power--rooted in military strength and economic dominance--are no longer sufficient to build sustainable international relationships or to influence global discourse. Instead, nations are increasingly turning to soft power, a subtler yet profoundly effective form of influence that derives from culture, values, ideology, education, and the ability to inspire and attract rather than to impose. The concept of Soft Power, first articulated by American political scientist Joseph S. Nye, emphasizes a nation's ability to shape the preferences and behaviours of others through non-coercive means. In the interconnected, digitally driven, and multipolar world of the 21st century, soft power has emerged as a strategic asset for building long-term partnerships and enhancing a country's image and influence on the global stage. At the heart of soft power lies public diplomacy--the practice of engaging foreign publics directly to inform, influence, and build mutual understanding and trust.

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India-Vietnam Public Diplomacy: Harnessing Soft Power for Strategic Engagement

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There is a lot of interest in nature-inspired nanocarriers because of the increasing need for effective and biocompatible medication delivery systems. Milk-derived extracellular vesicles (mEVs) and microbe-inspired platforms are two new bioinspired approaches that have shown great promise for therapeutic delivery. Because of their intrinsic stability, biocompatibility, and capacity to encapsulate a wide variety of bioactive compounds, mEVs are desirable options for transdermal, intravenous, and oral delivery. Their low immunogenicity and natural origin make them even more suitable for clinical translation. In parallel, biological processes like adhesion, motility, and molecular recognition are used by microbe-inspired microneedle arrays and nanosystems to enhance tissue targeting and regulated drug release. By imitating microbial efficiency, these technologies can get beyond physiological barriers and provide minimally invasive site-specific delivery. The basic characteristics, design ideas, and most recent developments of delivery systems based on milk vesicles and microbes are thoroughly examined in this paper. Their manufacturing processes, modes of action, therapeutic uses in cardiovascular disorders, cancer, and regenerative medicine, as well as the difficulties with scalability, safety, and regulatory approval, are highlighted. Combining these bioinspired strategies is a possible first step towards patient-specific, next-generation treatments. Future advancements are anticipated to concentrate on intelligent delivery systems and hybrid micro-nano architectures that integrate manufactured and natural elements for improved clinical efficacy.

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Milk-derived extracellular vesicles, microneedles, microbial-inspired nanocarriers, nanotherapeutics, bioinspired drug delivery.

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