Volume 13 | Issue 10

 Abstract

The blistering evolution of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has already reshaped the history of surveillance with the unparalleled opportunities in data analysis, pattern recognition, and foresight surveillance. The use of AI-based systems is growing among governments and security agencies to ensure national security, prevent terrorism, and order in the streets. Nonetheless, widespread AI application in surveillance creates important issues regarding the personal privacy of individuals, data security, and the possibility of personal data abuse. Finding the balance between the requirements of national security and the maintenance of the fundamental rights has thus become an acute legal and ethical problem. The research paper analyzes how AI plays a twofold role in improving security and at the same time being a threat to civil liberties. It examines the dangers of mass data gathering, the constitutional and human rights consequences of the surveillance, and regulatory methods that aim to introduce accountability, transparency, and reasonableness in AI technologies use. The discussion highlights the necessity to have a strong legal framework and ethical considerations to help the successful application of AI in surveillance without compromising the democratic ideals of privacy and personal freedom.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

AI, Surveillance, National security, Data Protection, Privacy rights, Human Rights, Ethical issues, Legal Frameworks, Accountability, and Transparency

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Craniofacial bone defects from trauma, congenital anomalies, tumors, or infections present significant reconstructive challenges due to their complex anatomy and functional-cosmetic importance. Conventional grafting techniques autografts, allografts, and xenografts are limited by donor site morbidity, immune rejection, and poor integration. Stem cell-based regenerative strategies, particularly involving mesenchymal stem cells (from bone marrow, adipose tissue, and dental sources), offer promising alternatives by enabling osteogenic differentiation, paracrine signaling, immunomodulation, and angiogenesis. Integration with biomaterials and scaffolds, including hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate, natural polymers, and advanced 3D-printed or growth factor-loaded scaffolds, enhances structural support and tissue regeneration. Emerging technologies such as gene-edited stem cells, organoids, stem cell-derived exosomes, and AI-guided scaffold design enable patient-specific, biologically integrated therapies that improve functional outcomes, accelerate healing, and reduce morbidity. Stem cell-mediated craniofacial regeneration thus holds transformative potential for restoring anatomy, function, and psychosocial well-being in patients with complex craniofacial defects.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Craniofacial regeneration, Stem cells, Bone tissue engineering, Scaffold integration, 3D bioprinting

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a disruptive innovation in physiotherapy, offering advanced capabilities in diagnostic accuracy, movement analysis, personalized rehabilitation planning, and remote patient monitoring through modalities such as machine learning, robotics, and tele-rehabilitation platforms. Its integration into physiotherapy promises to augment clinical decision-making, increase service accessibility, and support data-driven patient care. However, this review identifies and critically analyzes a spectrum of limitations that challenge the ethical, clinical, and practical viability of widespread AI adoption in physiotherapy settings. Key concerns include limited digital literacy and formal training among physiotherapists, inadequate organizational readiness, algorithmic bias stemming from non-representative datasets, and the absence of legal and regulatory clarity regarding accountability in AI-driven clinical decisions. Additionally, over-reliance on automation threatens the preservation of core professional values such as hands-on skill, therapeutic empathy, and individualized patient engagement.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Artificial intelligence, Physiotherapy, Machine learning, Tele-rehabilitation, Clinical ethics, Rehabilitation technology, Digital health.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The procedural requirements for parties appearance in civil action and the repercussions of their nonattendance are outlined in Order IX of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (CPC). The laws governing attendance, the consequences of non-attendance and the possible remedies such as suit restoration and ex-parte decision annulment--are all examined in this research. The study highlights the need to strike a balance between following the law and pursuing justice, drawing on court interpretations. It comes to the conclusion that Order IX promotes justice in the legal system by guaranteeing equitable proceedings and prohibiting procedural abuse.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

1) Order IX CPC 2) Party Appearance 3) Non-Attendance 4) Ex-Parte Decree 5) Suit Restoration 6) Summons Service 7) Sufficient Cause 8) Civil Litigation

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

??????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???????????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????????? ????? ?? ?? ? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??, ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ?????-???? ?????-????? ?? ???????? ??, ??-?? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ????????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?????, ??????, ????????, ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ???????? ????-???????, ???????, ???????-?????, ??????, ?????????, ????????, ???????????? ????-???????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ????????? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ???

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

???????, ????????????, ?????????, ??????? ?????

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Citizenship Amendment Act 2019 Facts and Reality

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Citizenship Amendment Act 2019 Facts and Reality

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords: Diabetic foot , Complication, Effectiveness, Structure teaching program, Prevention, Teachers.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The archetypal patterns evolve over the time in human consciousness and get deposited in unconscious finding expression at relevant periods of time and context.. Various types of archetypes direct the human response to the external circumstances in a given context as on par with other dictating terms of behavior and decision making patterns. The literature which mirrors human civilization and his psyche follow archetypal patterns in their existence within in the very nature of day to day response systems. Different authors across varied times lines including Maud Bodkin, Northrop Frye, Carl Gustov Jung, Anthony Stevens, Jacques Lacan Joseph Campbell etc., have ratified the presence and frequent formation of archetypes in human mind as part of his thinking patterns. Archetypes are the patterns which have been in existence in cultures across the human history, though the cultures are so remote in space and time to one another that they hardly could have established any contact or communication among them. Yet these similar patterns exist on similar note among them. The presence of these patterns, which logically seems highly impossible, gives rise to the theory of "Collective Unconscious" which is envisaged by Psychoanalytical theorist and author Carl Gustov Jung. For example, the archetypal pattern which is present in almost all cultures of the globe is 'Wise old man'. The presence of wise old man in stories we were told and mythological narratives we studied foregrounds the concept of Archetypal patterns present in human psyche.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Key terms : Archetypes, Patterns, The Unconscious, Tabula Rasa, Oedipus Complex, Collective Unconscious, The Real, Individuation.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Gender, Performance, Disidentification, Resistance, Marginalization, Identity.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

References to God in literature are centred on the five-dimensional systems and the lives of the people living in them. Worship and belief in small gods and great gods have spread throughout the minds of the people. God is mentioned in many sayings. It has been defined as Lord, Lord, Chief, etc. and has been mentioned in literature. When fear and hope prevail, and when need and suffering are overcome, there is a possibility that a person is needed for sharing, and later it has been transformed into the position of God. In this context, this research field aims to study how the word form of God used in literature has been defined as a principle of theology by Valluvar in the Thirukkural and explain the ideas related to it.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Valluvar, God, virtue, justice literature, Aimpula theory, Engunathan

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic drastically altered the global work environment, compelling organizations to adopt remote work arrangements at an unprecedented scale. As the world transitions into the post-pandemic era, the sustainability and long-term impact of remote work on employee productivity and job satisfaction have become critical areas of focus for both scholars and practitioners. This study investigates the relationship between remote work, employee performance, and job satisfaction, while exploring the evolving human resource (HR) strategies that emerged during and after the pandemic. A mixed-method approach was used, combining quantitative surveys from 150 employees across multiple sectors and qualitative interviews with 10 HR professionals. The findings indicate that while remote work significantly enhances productivity, work-life balance, and autonomy, it also presents challenges such as reduced social interaction, team collaboration issues, and mental fatigue. The study highlights the shift toward hybrid HR models, digital performance management, and wellness-oriented policies. The paper concludes that sustainable HR strategies must emphasize flexibility, inclusivity, and digital competence to maintain organizational resilience in the post-pandemic future.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

remote work, employee productivity, job satisfaction, post-pandemic HR, hybrid work, human resource management

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Abstract: Background and need of the study: The investigator aims to create and assess sensitization programs for Indian moms to help them manage teenage crises, as there is no existing research on their efficacy. Objectives:The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a sensitization program in raising awareness about adolescent crisis among mothers of pre-adolescent and adolescent children.Research methodology:The study used an evaluatory approach with a one-group pre-test post-test design, involving 100 mothers selected by random sampling. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire, and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Result:The study found that the sensitization program effectively enhanced mothers' awareness, with higher post-test knowledge scores than pre-test scores, and no significant association was found between pre-test Awareness scores and selected variables.Conclusion:,sensitization programme was an effective teaching strategy for providing information and enhancing awareness of mothers.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Key words: Effectiveness; awareness, adolescent crisis; sensitization programme; mothers; pre-adolescent and adolescent children

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In recent years, millennial investors have shown a positive shift in financial awareness and participation in the capital market, driven by career growth, personal aspirations, and economic independence. Traditionally, investors preferred safer assets with stable returns; however, millennials are increasingly exploring diverse investment avenues, reflecting a change in traditional investing patterns. This study aims to identify the factors influencing millennial investment behavior, with a focus on their risk preferences, awareness of capital market products, and investment strategies. The research adopts an analytical approach, using primary data collected from 322 respondents within Agartala city through random sampling. The findings indicate that while many millennial investors lack comprehensive awareness of the wide range of capital market instruments, they are actively seeking to enhance their knowledge through webinars, digital platforms, and other financial literacy initiatives.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

investment behaivior, financial awareness, capital markets

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Teacher wellbeing The Teachers are significant pillars of societal development. Different kinds of teachers help our society to the quality and extent of learner's development and achievement. It's no doubt that to improve the Teacher wellbeing, they should be fit both mentally and physically. Besides, through quality teacher education, i.e, teaching skill, pedagogical theory and professional skills, Teachers become fortune- tellers of the society. Now, I'm going to highlight to improve Teacher wellbeing in a specific practical way - *ACCEPTANCE ONESELF'S LIABILITY TO THE MINIMUM LEARNING OF LEARNERS.* As for me, Teaching is not a profession but a compulsion. It is the compulsion to the first-hand learners' learning. Sometimes, Teachers don't take responsibility for the development of learners as they assume that teaching is their profession, but they need not know what the learners make out or realise their conceptions. As a School Teacher, I am facing odd learners having no interest in learning. The learners are now focusing their marks on simultaneous examinations instead of learning. Teachers are also accustomed to the way of learning what learners insist. The question can be asked what the learners learn according to their IQ levels. But I oppose this point that the learners' IQ is not static but dynamic. Teachers, by compulsion, should take care of the attitude of first-hand learners as Parents wish their children to be successful in life & try the level best to their children with all potentialities. For Teacher wellbeing in practical ways, all teachers should focus on acceptance to their liability to the minimum learning of the first-hand learners. Thanks & Regards. Sukanta Dhank , M.A (English), B.Ed. M.A( English Language Teaching) , M.A ( Education)

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Acceptance one self's liability to the minimum Learning of Learners.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Raagon ke Saundaryatmak Pariprekshya mein Raag Samay Siddhant ki Praasangikta

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Raagon ke Saundaryatmak Pariprekshya mein Raag Samay Siddhant ki Praasangikta

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Malocclusion and dentofacial anomalies impact not only oral function but also dental aesthetics and psychosocial well-being. The relationship between clinical orthodontic needs and patients' psychological profiles plays a crucial role in shaping both the motivation for seeking treatment and the perceived outcomes. This paper explores aesthetic perceptions, psychosocial functioning, and self-esteem in relation to malocclusion, while also reviewing validated assessment tools, examining evidence on treatment effects, and discussing the associated clinical and ethical implications. A narrative synthesis of literature published between 2000 and 2025 was conducted, including cross-sectional, cohort, and longitudinal studies that evaluated aesthetic concerns, self-esteem, quality of life, and treatment satisfaction among orthodontic patients. The findings indicate that dental aesthetics serve as a primary motivator for orthodontic treatment and are strongly linked to self-esteem, social confidence, and oral-health-related quality of life (OHRQOL). Validated instruments such as the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need-Aesthetic Component (IOTN-AC), Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), and Child Oral Health Impact Profile (COHIP) demonstrate strong psychometric validity and reliability. While clinical indices of malocclusion severity show moderate correlations with psychosocial effects, individual psychological factors often exert a stronger influence on patients' experiences and treatment outcomes. Orthodontic interventions have been shown to produce significant improvements in self-esteem, social functioning, and emotional well-being; however, these benefits are influenced by factors such as patient communication, treatment expectations, demographic characteristics, gender, cultural perceptions of beauty, and previous orthodontic experiences. Overall, a biopsychosocial approach that integrates objective clinical assessments with validated patient-reported psychosocial measures provides a more holistic, ethical, and patient-centered framework for orthodontic care. Future research should focus on culturally diverse populations and the long-term psychosocial outcomes of orthodontic treatment, particularly as patients transition into adulthood.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Malocclusion, Dental aesthetics, Psychosocial impact, Patient satisfaction, Social confidence, Emotional well-being.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Agricultural productivity is significantly affected by plant diseases that cause large-scale economic losses and threaten food security worldwide. Early and accurate disease detection enables timely intervention and sustainable crop management. Recent advances in computer vision, deep learning, and mobile computing have accelerated the development of automated systems for plant disease diagnosis. This review consolidates recent research trends in artificial-intelligence-based approaches for plant disease detection and classification. Studies published between 2018 and 2025 reveal the growing dominance of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and cloud-based frameworks for image-driven disease recognition in crops such as cotton, mango, and potato. Comparative analyses demonstrate that deep-learning architectures--including ResNet, MobileNet, and customized CNNs--consistently outperform traditional machine-learning methods in accuracy and generalization. In addition, mobile and citizen-science tools have expanded the accessibility of AI solutions to field environments. This paper summarizes key techniques, datasets, performance metrics, and limitations observed across the literature and highlights the need for lightweight, explainable, and field-deployable AI models.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Plant disease detection, Deep learning, Convolutional Neural Networks, Cloud and Mobile Computing, Smart Agriculture

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

laLdkj fuekZ.k Hkkjrh; f'k{kk dh vkRek jgk gSA fo|kFkhZ thou ekuo ds O;fDrRo fuekZ.k dk lokZf/kd laosnu'khy dky gksrk gS] ftlesa ewY;] uSfrdrk] vuq'kklu ,oa lkekftd O;ogkj dh uhao j[kh tkrh gSA ;g 'kks/k i= fo|kFkhZ thou esa laldkj fuekZ.k dh Hkwfedk] mlds 'kSf{kd] lkekftd vkSj uSfrd izHkkoksa dk fo"ys"k.k djrk gSA v/;;u ls Li"V gksrk gS fd ;fn f'k{kk iz.kkyh esa uSfrdrk] lsok] lg&vfLrRo vkSj vkRela;e ds laLdkjksa dks O;ogkfjd :i ls tksM+k tk,] rks fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa pfj=oku~ ukxfjdrk ,oa usr`Ro dk fodkl laHko gSA

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

o fo|kFkhZ thou o laLdkj fuekZ.k

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Abstract: This study was undertaken to investigate the effectiveness of a Structured Teaching Programme (STP) on knowledge regarding risk factors and preventive strategies of suicidal behaviour among adolescents. A pre-experimental one-group pre-test post-test design was employed. The study was conducted among 60 first-semester BSc Nursing students selected via convenience sampling from a college in Kozhikode. Data were collected using a structured knowledge questionnaire. The findings revealed that the mean post-test knowledge score (22.38) was significantly higher than the mean pre-test score (17.17), with a paired t-test value of 10.166 (p<0.05), indicating the STP's effectiveness. A significant association was found between pre-test knowledge scores and gender, but not with other socio-demographic variables. The study concluded that the structured teaching programme was effective in improving adolescents' knowledge of suicidal behaviour risk factors and prevention.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Knowledge, Risk factors, Preventive strategies, Suicidal behaviour, Structured teaching programme, Adolescents

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

National Education Policy

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition