Volume 13 | Issue 10

 Abstract

Girl child education is one of the most significant catalysts for social transformation and gender equality. It contributes to individual empowerment, economic growth, improved health outcomes, and sustainable development. Despite international efforts, millions of girls worldwide remain deprived of education due to poverty, cultural barriers, gender discrimination, and inadequate infrastructure. This paper examines the importance of girl child education as a tool for achieving equality and social justice. It explores historical contexts, current challenges, global initiatives, and the socioeconomic benefits of educating girls. The essay also evaluates policy interventions and community-based strategies that promote inclusivity and reduce gender disparities in education. Drawing upon global data and case studies from developing regions such as South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa, the study underscores the multidimensional impact of girl child education. The findings indicate that empowering girls through education not only transforms individual lives but also strengthens families, communities, and national economies. It concludes by emphasizing the need for collective action by governments, civil society, and international organizations to ensure equitable access to quality education for every girl.

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Girl child education, gender equality, empowerment, sustainable development, educational policy, social justice, poverty reduction, human rights, women's empowerment, inclusive education.

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This paper focuses on presenting a case study on predicting Real Estate prices using the machine learning technique of multiple linear regression (MLR) model. In this study the dataset of residential properties from the "Boston housing dataset", Which encompasses features such as the location of the house, construction date of the house, proximity to amenities and number of bedrooms was used. This model is implemented in a beginner-friendly way, emphasizing clear understanding of how each feature contributes and affects the house prices in a particular locality. The evaluation of Model's performance was done using Mean Squared Error (MSE) and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE). The results obtained from the study demonstrate that even a basic linear regression model can provide reliable estimates of house prices and offer practical insights for potential buyers, sellers, and developers of the locality. This case study highlights the relevance of linear regression as an accessible and reliable tool for real world house price prediction and decision making.

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House Price Prediction, Linear Regression, Multiple Linear Regression, Real Estate, Machine Learning, Predictive Modeling, Regression Analysis, RMSE, MSE

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Child Care Institution, constituted under the Juvenile Justice (care and protection of children )Act 2015 has been playing a pivotal role in protecting children's rights. These institutions are formed not only to provide shelter to some children but also these institutions stand as catalysts to justice, fairness, equity and social inclusion. This work aims to gain a clear picture about the life of those children resides in such children homes. Through this work, the researcher wants to analyze the surrounding under which a vulnerable child spends a considerable amount of time of his childhood. The researcher wants to draw precise attention by a thorough study about the basic amenities provided under such institutions. The fundamental purpose of this research paper is to analyze the multifaceted contributions of these institutions in promoting a sustainable life for vulnerable child. Children Homes in India play a vital role in promoting a sustainable life for vulnerable children by offering holistic support that addresses their immediate needs and long term development. Under the Juvenile Justice(care and protection) Act 2015, these institutions should maintain a homely environment as because the vulnerable child should be raised in a good environment where they can receive quality education and also they can prepare themselves to well survive for the rest of their life. The study is confined to a doctrinal method of study. The study also examines challenges such as resource constrains, inconsistent oversight to enhance the effectiveness of CCI's. This paper argues that Children's Homes are critical agents in shaping a more inclusive and sustainable future for India's marginalized child.

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 Keywords

Child, Children's Home, Right to life, sustainable future.

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Abstract: The rapid transformation of urban environments into smart cities has created opportunities for libraries to evolve into technologically advanced, user-centric spaces. This study examines the integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies and data analytics in enhancing urban library services, focusing on operational efficiency, user engagement, and personalized information delivery. Through a systematic review of existing literature and case analyses of smart city libraries, the paper explores IoT applications such as automated inventory management, real-time occupancy monitoring, and environmental control systems, alongside data-driven service optimization through user behavior analytics. The findings indicate that IoT-enabled smart library systems, when integrated with robust data analytics frameworks, can significantly improve resource utilization, decision-making, and accessibility. Furthermore, the paper highlights key challenges, including data privacy, infrastructure costs, and the need for policy guidelines to ensure ethical technology deployment. The research concludes by proposing a conceptual framework for implementing IoT and analytics in urban libraries to align with smart city development goals.

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Smart Libraries, Internet of Things (IoT), Data Analytics, Smart Cities, Urban Library Services, Digital Transformation, Library Innovation, Technology Integration

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The present-day examination system generally patronizes memorization rather than clear understanding of critical facts in a logical order. Malpractice in public examinations seems to be the order of the day, making it difficult for the administrators to select deserving students for higher education on the basis of marks obtained at public examinations. Several educators have therefore advocated the idea that we should have entrance test to select students for higher education. There is general criticism towards entrance examination. There are some courses for which the entrance examinations for the admission of the students have been vogue. On the whole, there is confusion among the educators and educational administrators that whether there is any need to conduct entrance examinations. This purpose is aimed to get the opinion of the students who have actually taken the entrance examinations. The opinion of the students through the empirical data to select the students to know that they had positive attitude or negative attitude in entrance examinations is essential in choosing the problem.

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Entrance Examination, Attitude, B.Ed. Students

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Keywords: Apoptosis, Caspase-3, Electrohomeopathy, AXA, Flow Cytometry, A549, Cisplatin

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The concepts of Appeal and Revision form the backbone of judicial review and procedural fairness in the Indian legal system. They provide an essential mechanism for correcting judicial or administrative errors and ensuring that justice is neither delayed nor denied. While appeals are statutory rights allowing a higher authority to re-examine facts and law, revisions are discretionary powers exercised to ensure the legality, propriety, and correctness of proceedings. This paper analyses the conceptual framework, statutory provisions, judicial interpretations, and the loopholes that affect the efficiency of the appeal-revision system in India. It further proposes reforms to make these mechanisms more time-bound, transparent, and accessible to all citizens

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Appeal Revision

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ABSTRACT: Microalgae can be used as a renewable energy source, as nutritional supplements, and as a source of pharmacological compounds. However, playing in insufficient light conditions usually limits their optimal growth. The research examines the efficacy of red and brown macroalgae-based Seaweed Liquid Fertilizers (SLFs) derived from Hypnea musciformis and Zonaria variegata in stimulating the development of green microalgae. Microalgal cultures were treated with the SLFs to evaluate their effects on growth rate, biomass yield, photosynthetic efficiency, and biochemical composition. The findings indicated that when macroalgae-derived SLF was used, algae grew and exhibited higher biochemical productivity than in the control cultures. The findings demonstrate the opportunities of macroalgae-based SLF as a natural growth factor for the extensive growth of microalgae, with sustainable potential for biofuel production, bioproduct synthesis, and environmentally friendly aquaculture development.

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Keywords: Macroalgae, Seaweed Liquid Fertilizer (SLF), Green algae, Antibacterial, Antioxidant.

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This study focuses on the quantitative determination of trace metal concentrations in edible mushroom samples using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Mushrooms are known for their remarkable ability to accumulate essential and non-essential elements from their growth substrates, making them valuable bioindicators of environmental contamination. In this work, representative mushroom samples were collected from the market in Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India. They are digested using a microwave-assisted acid digestion method before ICP-MS analysis. The concentrations of essential elements such as Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn, along with potentially toxic metals including Pb and As, were accurately measured. Results show a considerable variation in metal accumulation among the samples, reflecting differences in soil composition and environmental exposure. Essential metals were found within acceptable nutritional ranges, while trace amounts of toxic elements were detected in certain samples, though generally below the permissible limits set by WHO and FAQ. The precision and sensitivity of ICP-MS enabled reliable quantification even at sub-ppb levels, demonstrating its superiority for multi-elemental analysis. These findings highlight the importance of continuous monitoring of metal content in edible mushrooms to ensure food safety and to assess their potential role in environmental pollution studies.

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Trace metals, toxicity, contamination, ICP-MS, spectrometry

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This study examines the factors influencing consumer adoption of electric two-wheelers, focusing on the role of AI technologies, socio-economic characteristics, and other key decision-making elements. As environmental concerns and rising fuel prices drive the demand for sustainable transportation, electric two-wheelers have emerged as a viable alternative. The integration of AI features such as voice controls, AI-powered navigation, and rider assistance systems is becoming crucial in shaping consumer preferences. The study aims to explore the socio-economic characteristics of respondents and how AI technologies influence their purchase intentions. By understanding the psychological, technological, and economic factors that impact customer decisions, this research offers valuable insights for manufacturers and marketers to refine their strategies, enhance product offerings, and improve user experiences. Ultimately, the study suggests that aligning technological innovations with consumer priorities could accelerate the adoption of electric two-wheelers, contributing to both environmental sustainability and market growth.

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AI technology, consumer adoption, purchase intentions, socio-economic factors, sustainable transportation, marketing strategies

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This study emphasizes the critical role of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) in enhancing customer satisfaction and loyalty, with a specific focus on practices at MGB Supreme. CRM enables the systematic collection and analysis of customer data, forming the foundation for personalized services and meaningful interactions that foster emotional bonds and repeat patronage. Real-time feedback mechanisms strengthen trust by addressing grievances promptly, while loyalty programs tailored to customer preferences serve as effective retention strategies. The integration of predictive analytics and artificial intelligence further enhances CRM by enabling proactive engagement and anticipating customer needs. Additionally, continuous employee training ensures optimal use of CRM tools, supporting efficient service delivery and positive customer experiences. Collectively, personalization, loyalty programs, multichannel integration, predictive analytics, and skilled workforce application position CRM as a key driver of satisfaction, loyalty, and long-term competitiveness.

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Employee Training, Real-time Feedback, Personalized Services , Predictive Analytics and Consumer Satisfaction

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Goods and Services Tax (GST) in India was introduced through the 101st Constitutional Amendment Act of 2017 transformed the country's existing indirect tax system. GST 1.0 subsumed multiple central and state taxes and introduced a unified and fragmented tax structure. The aim was to eliminate the cascading effect of taxation and improve the existing tax compliance. Besides having so many advancements, GST 1.0 faced several limitations, including multiple tax slabs, compliance complexities, and high filing burdens, particularly for MSMEs over the passage of time. In response, on September 22, 2025, the Government of India launched GST 2.0 as a major structural reform. It was designed to simplify tax rates, streamline compliance processes through automation, and make the tax system more equitable. The present study offers a comparative analysis of GST 1.0 and GST 2.0. The focus is on sector-wise reforms and their impact on businesses and consumers. It was found that GST 2.0 addresses many of the practical challenges of GST 1.0, including ease of doing business, support to MSMEs, and promotion of a more inclusive and growth-oriented tax environment.

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Compliance Automation, Indirect Tax Reform, Sectoral Analysis, Input Tax Credit, Goods and Services Tax, Indian Tax System

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This research paper examines the factors contributing to the record-breaking sale of M.F. Husain's "Untitled (Gram Yatra)" at Christie's New York auction in March 2025, which achieved $13.8 million (INR118.7 crore), establishing a new benchmark for modern Indian art. Through comprehensive analysis of valuation methodologies, market dynamics, and expert appraisal processes, this study contributes to the academic discourse on art market economics with specific reference to Indian contemporary art. The paper explores the multifaceted approach to art valuation, including artist reputation, provenance, market timing, and comparative market analysis, providing insights into the evolving global recognition of South Asian artistic heritage.

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Art valuation, M.F. Husain, Indian art market, auction analysis, comparative market analysis, provenance, art economics

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Insomnia,Reflexology,Sleeplessness,Pressure points,Energy flow,Nerve stimulation.

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Background: Achieving esthetic excellence in implant dentistry requires the harmonious integration of peri-implant soft tissue contours (pink esthetics) and prosthetic crown morphology (white esthetics). Understanding dental students' perceptions of these parameters is essential, as they are the future providers of implant therapy. This study aims to assess dental students' awareness and perception of pink and white esthetics in implant-supported restorations Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among 151 dental students using a validated 25-item questionnaire evaluating knowledge of esthetic concepts, indices such as the Pink Esthetic Score (PES) and White Esthetic Score (WES), and the role of digital tools. Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS, and Chi-square tests were applied with significance set at p < 0.05. Results: Of the 151 dental students surveyed, 91.4% reported prior exposure to implant procedures, indicating strong foundational awareness. Knowledge of esthetic parameters was high, with 84.1% recognizing pink esthetics and 85.4% acknowledging white esthetics as essential for implant success. A total of 89.4% were familiar with the Pink Esthetic Score and 82.8% with the White Esthetic Score. Key factors identified included gingival biotype (89.4%), gummy smile management (80.1%), and soft-tissue contour (63.6%). Additionally, 69.5% preferred case-based clinical learning, while 88.1% endorsed Digital Smile Design as enhancing diagnostic predictability. All associations were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Dental students demonstrated strong theoretical understanding of esthetic concepts in implant prosthodontics; however, limited clinical exposure highlights the need for enhanced experiential training. Incorporating digital technologies, simulation-based learning, and esthetic workshops into the curriculum may significantly improve clinical competency and contribute to superior esthetic outcomes in implant dentistry.

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Pink esthetics, White esthetics, Implant smiles, PES/WES, Digital Smile Design, Dental education.

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This study investigated the influence of gender on two core components of creativity-fluency (the capacity to generate a high volume of ideas) and flexibility (the capacity to shift between different categories of ideas)-among preparatory stage students (aged 8-12, N=30). Employing a Descriptive Survey design, the research utilized a newly developed interactive digital tool to assess these divergent thinking abilities. The Independent Samples T-Test was used to compare the mean scores of 15 boys and 15 girls. Descriptive analysis showed marginal, non-significant differences: boys scored slightly higher in Fluency (M = 9.73 vs. M = 9.07), while girls scored slightly higher in Flexibility (M = 4.27 vs. M = 4.13). Crucially, the T-Test results indicated no statistically significant difference for either Fluency (p = 0.365) or Flexibility (p = 0.721). The findings support the null hypotheses, concluding that gender does not significantly influence these foundational aspects of creative potential in this population. The study underscores the importance of equitable educational practices that foster uninhibited experimentation for all children.

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Creativity, Fluency, Flexibility, Gender, Preparatory Stage.

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The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 profoundly altered healthcare delivery worldwide, with dentistry and oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) among the most affected specialties due to the risk of aerosol transmission. This review aims to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on oral surgery practice, including third molar impaction management, maxillofacial trauma, and road traffic accident (RTA)-related fractures. It explores modifications in clinical protocols, patient management, infection control measures, and the psychosocial and educational effects on practitioners and trainees. Literature suggests that elective oral surgical procedures were drastically reduced, emergency care was prioritized, and stringent infection-control and triage systems were implemented. The pandemic emphasized teleconsultation, minimally invasive techniques, and personal protective equipment (PPE) use. As normalcy resumed, these adaptations shaped a more resilient and infection-conscious oral surgery practice.

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COVID-19, Oral surgery, Impaction, Jaw fracture, Maxillofacial trauma, Infection control, Pandemic impact.

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ABSTRACT The present study was conducted among Undergraduate Engineering Students MDIT Engineering College, Kozhikode, to assess the knowledge regarding Cervical Cancer. The main objectives of the study were: o Determine the pre-test knowledge on Cervical Cancer among Adolescent girls in selected Engineering College in Kozhikode District o Determine the post-test knowledge on Cervical Cancer among Adolescent girls at selected Engineering College in Kozhikode District o Determine the effect of planned health education on knowledge on Cervical Cancer among Students in selected Engineering College in Kozhikode o Identify the association between knowledge and selected Socio demographic variables. The present study was based on the conceptual framework - General systems theory (Ludwig Von Bertalanffy) and using Quasi experimental approach with One group pre-test post-test design. All the subject are given a pre-test, receive the treatment and are given a post test. The sample consists of 60 Undergraduate Engineering Adolescent girls, selected from MDIT Engineering College Kozhikode using convenient sampling method. The tool used was Semi-Planned interview schedule to collect demographic data, semi Planned interview schedule to assess the knowledge of the Engineering Adolescent girls on Cervical Cancer. Content validity of the tool was done with the help of experts from the respective field. Reliability of the tool was checked with inter-rater reliability and Cronbach's alpha method. The questionnaire was administered to 3 primary care givers of children with colostomy for checking the reliability of the tool. The reliability coefficient was found to be 0.87 and hence the tool is found to be statistically reliable. A pilot study was conducted. The pilot study revealed that the tools used in the study were simple, clear and unambiguous and data were found amenable to statistical analysis. Actual study was conducted at MDIT Engineering College, Kozhikode. The data were tabulated and analysed by descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings of the study revealed that the mean post-test knowledge score is significantly higher than mean pre-test knowledge score. Hence it is evident that after providing the planned teaching Programme there was a significant improvement in the level of knowledge regarding Cervical Cancer. Based on the above results the study was effective in Undergraduate Engineering Adolescent girls.

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Cervical Cancer, Knowledge, Adolescent Girls, Planned Teaching Programme, Nursing Education

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This research paper examines the concept of "Place of Suing" under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (CPC), a foundational framework for civil litigation in India. It explores how the CPC ensures fairness, efficiency, and accessibility in resolving civil disputes by determining the appropriate court based on jurisdiction and venue. The paper begins with an introduction to the CPC's role in handling non-criminal matters such as property disputes, contract breaches, and family issues. It outlines the hierarchy of Indian courts, from subordinate courts to the Supreme Court, and delineates various types of jurisdiction, including subject-matter, pecuniary, territorial, original, appellate, and exclusive. Key provisions under Sections 15 to 21 are analyzed, covering suits related to immovable and movable property, compensation for wrongs, and general cases, emphasizing rules for filing based on defendant residence, cause of action, or property location. The importance of these provisions is highlighted in preventing harassment, ensuring proper authority, reducing court burdens, and promoting natural justice. Challenges such as multiple defendants, online transactions, and forum shopping are discussed. In conclusion, the paper underscores the enduring relevance of place of suing in maintaining a balanced justice system amid evolving complexities in business and technology.

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Civil Procedure Code 1908, Place of Suing, Jurisdiction, Territorial Jurisdiction, Immovable Property, Cause of Action, Court Hierarchy, Pecuniary Jurisdiction, Civil Litigation, India Legal System.

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PLEADING

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