Volume 13 | Issue 10

 Abstract

Persons with disabilities (PWDs) struggle with several challenges across various domains of their everyday lives, which severely impair their routine and quality of life. Several therapeutic interventions have shown improvement in various developmental areas of persons with disabilities. The current research was conducted on 17 individuals with intellectual disability with an aim to assess the effectiveness of Sports as a therapeutic intervention for improvement in developmental domains such as psycho-motor, social skills, communication skill, emotional and cognitive domains. The findings indicated that there is a significant improvement in the psycho-motor domain, social skills domain, communication skills domain and cognitive domain as a result of utilizing Sports as a therapeutic intervention. Except the emotional domain, Sports as an intervention displayed a significant positive correlation across domains in the next 3 and 6 months respectively.

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Sports, exercise, psycho-motor domain, social skills, communication skill, emotional domain, cognitive domain

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ABSTRACT This study develops an analytical framework derived from Gandhian economic principles-Swaraj (self-rule), Swadeshi (local self-reliance), Sarvodaya (welfare of all), and Trusteeship-to evaluate India's development trajectory following economic liberalization in 1991. Analysis of secondary data from Indian official sources (1991-2023) reveals significant disparities: wealth concentration (top 1% income share increasing from 11% to 22%), persistent agrarian distress despite workforce dependence, and substantial ecological costs. The study proposes three specific policy correctives derived from Gandhian principles: decentralized governance strengthening, sustainable agricultural transition, and ecological fiscal reforms. It argues for Gandhian economics as a complementary framework that addresses globalization excesses while preserving its benefits for sustainable and equitable development in India.

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Keywords: Gandhian Economics, Globalization, India Development, Sustainable Development, Economic Equity, Policy Correctives

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This study has been undertaken because as we know Proteins are central to biology, and their functions rely inextricably on their three-dimensional conformations. Although technologies such as AlphaFold have dramatically improved the prediction of structure using dazzling accuracy, they rely on Large-scale datasets and massive computing capacity, which frequently puts them inaccessibly outside of smaller labs, schools, and low-resource environments. To bridge this gap, we present Beta-Fold, an efficient and easy-to-use framework for the prediction of protein secondary structures specifically ?-helices, ?-sheets, and coils--directly from amino acid sequences. Utilizing a hybrid CNN-BiLSTM approach, Beta-Fold obviates the requirement for multiple sequence alignments (MSAs) and GPU-based computation. This allows for real-time prediction as well as interactive visualization via a simple web interface, making protein analysis more accessible and convenient in various research environments. Through reduced computational requirements, Beta-Fold has the potential to expedite applications in molecular diagnostics, drug discovery, and biomedical research. Directions for future work involve disease-specific case studies and incorporation into clinical bioinformatics pipelines with the ultimate aim of improving translational reach and enabling equitable access to protein modeling tools.

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Protein Folding, 3D Structure Prediction, Deep Learning, AlphaFold, Bioinformatics, Convolutional Neural Networks, Transformer Models, Molecular Visualization

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This paper presents a conceptual design and theoretical performance analysis of a sustainable footstep energy harvester using Polyvinylidene Fluoride/Barium Titanate (PVDF/BaTiO3) nanocomposite transducers.A compliant bridge-type mechanism is proposed to amplify footstep forces (assuming a 15x amplification factor) and maximize strain in the transducers, while ultra-low cold-start Power Management Integrated Circuits (PMICs) and supercapacitor storage are integrated for efficient energy capture.Theoretical voltage and energy per step are estimated using material properties from literature and plausible assumptions for transducer area, thickness, and force amplification.The study also outlines a conceptual IoT-enabled architecture for autonomous data collection and gait analysis using ultra-low-power microcontrollers.While no experimental validation has been performed, this framework provides a feasible blueprint for energy-autonomous smart flooring applications.

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Piezoelectric Nanocomposites, PVDF/BaTiO3, Compliant Mechanisms, Power Management ICs, Ultra-Low-Power IoT, Theoretical Performance Analysis, Force Amplification, Ultra-Low-Power Management IC (PMIC), Cold-Start Voltage, Supercapacitor, Sustainable Energy Harvesting.

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Differentiated Instruction (DI) has gained prominence as a pedagogical approach that caters to diverse student needs, learning styles, and abilities. This study explores teachers' readiness to implement DI strategies and their perceptions regarding its effectiveness in enhancing student learning. It examines factors such as confidence in designing DI-based strategies, perceived ease of implementation, and challenges such as class size, discipline, and cost-effectiveness. The study also investigates whether teachers believe DI fosters inclusivity and improves student self-esteem and retention. By analysing educator insights, this research aims to provide valuable recommendations for successful DI implementation in varied classroom settings.

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Differentiated Instruction, perceptions, implementation

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Abstract: Forest fires are becoming more frequent and intense worldwide due to climate change, human activity, and shifting environmental conditions. Rising temperatures, prolonged droughts, and land-use changes have significantly increased wildfire risks, causing severe ecological and economic losses. Early detection and reliable risk mapping are essential to minimize such impacts and enable timely response. However, conventional methods like ground observation or single-sensor monitoring often face limitations due to restricted coverage, delayed detection, and interference from clouds or smoke. This study proposes an artificial intelligence (AI)-based multi-sensor image fusion framework for early forest fire detection and risk assessment. The approach integrates thermal, optical, and radar satellite data from publicly available open-access sources to enhance spatial and temporal accuracy. Fusion is applied at pixel, feature, and decision levels, improving detection precision and minimizing false alarms. The results demonstrate that combining multi-sensor data with AI significantly improves early fire identification and mapping capabilities. The developed framework provides scalable, near-real-time monitoring suitable for various forest ecosystems. It supports faster emergency response, efficient resource deployment, and improved forest management practices, contributing to the development of smarter, data-driven wildfire mitigation systems

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Artificial Intelligence (AI), Forest Fire Detection Remote Sensing Satellite Imagery, Risk Mapping, Environmental Monitoring.

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Prophecy, Kirhupfümia and Sighting of Spirits as Elements of Magic Realism in Easterine Kire’s When the River Sleeps

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Easterine Kire, magic realism, spirits, supernatural, prophecy, faith-based magical realism

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The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Big Data into agricultural marketing is reshaping the agri-value chain by enabling precision-based decision-making, real-time forecasting, and sustainable market connectivity. Drawing from frameworks of zero-carbon and climate-smart agriculture, this study evaluates how digital data analytics and AI-driven platforms enhance transparency, profitability, and efficiency in Indian agriculture. Evidence from policy reports, institutional data, and field observations demonstrates that digital technologies significantly improve price discovery, reduce post-harvest losses, and empower smallholders. The findings position AI and Big Data as catalysts for transforming traditional agricultural marketing into a sustainable, inclusive, and data-centric ecosystem.

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Artificial Intelligence, Big Data, Climate-Smart Agriculture, Agricultural Marketing, Precision Farming, Digital Agriculture, Sustainable Development, India

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The Code of Civil Procedure , 1908 (CPC) forms the procedural foundation of India's civil justice system. It provides the legal framework through which courts ensure fair adjudication in civil matters. Among its many provisions, interim relief is one of the most important tools available to courts for ensuring justice during the pendency of a case. Temporary injunctions, attachments before judgement, and appointment of receivers under Orders XXXVII, XXXIX, and XL safeguards rights by preventing irreparable harm and preserving the subject matter of disputes. However, these remedies have often been misused. Courts frequently encounter abuse of ex parte injunctions, forum, shopping, and prolonged interim orders that undermine the objective of quick justice. Through this paper, I analyse how the CPC attempts to balance equity with procedure. I look at landmark judgments such as Dalpat Kumar v Prahlad Singh and Wander Ltd v Antox India (P) Ltd, and also reflect on how, in practice, interim relief sometimes becomes more critical than the final decree itself. The paper argues that while interim relief is indispensable to civil justice, reforms are needed to prevent abuse. Suggestions include stricter timelines, deterrent costs for frivolous litigation, and clearer guidelines for judges. In absence of judicial caution, equitable reliefs mat transform from the tools of protection into instruments of unfair advantage.

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CPC, Interim Relief, Temporary Injunction, Equity, Civil Justice, Abuse of Process

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This study investigates the social conditions of the Irula community in Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu, focusing on their socio-economic status, cultural practices, and challenges faced in contemporary society. The Irulas, a Scheduled Tribe traditionally known for their expertise in snake-catching and rat-catching, have experienced significant changes in their livelihoods due to urbanization and socio-economic transformations. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, this research combines quantitative surveys with qualitative interviews to gather comprehensive data on various aspects of the Irula community's life. Key areas explored include education levels, employment opportunities, access to healthcare, and social mobility. Additionally, the study examines cultural identity, the preservation of traditional practices, and the impact of government policies on their social integration. Findings indicate that while there have been improvements in education and healthcare access, persistent challenges such as poverty, discrimination, and limited job opportunities continue to hinder the community's development. The study highlights the resilience of the Irulas in maintaining their cultural identity amidst modernization, while also calling for targeted interventions to enhance their socioeconomic conditions and promote inclusivity. This research aims to contribute to a better understanding of the Irula community's social dynamics, providing insights for policymakers, social workers, and NGOs engaged in tribal welfare and empowerment initiatives. Through a detailed exploration of their lived experiences, the study advocates for tailored strategies that respect cultural heritage while fostering economic growth and social equity.

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Irula community Scheduled Tribe Coimbatore District Tamil Nadu Socio-economic status Cultural practices Livelihood changes Urbanization impact Education access Employment opportunities Healthcare access Social mobility Cultural identity Traditional practices Government policies Social integration Poverty Discrimination Tribal welfare Community resilience Socio-economic challenges Inclusivity Tribal empowerment Modernization effects

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Startups have become central to innovation, economic growth, and technological progress in the global economy. In 2016, Prime Minister launched Start-up India mission so that India becomes the next big start-up Nation. The dimensions of Scientometric analysis include quantitative study for evaluating scientific literature that serves as an effective tool for exploring the development, trends, and impact of research on startup. This study results a notable research gap by analyzing scholarly works on this topic from the Web of Science database, covering the period from 2020 to 2024. Over this five-year period, a overall of 4,443 startup-related publications were indexed in the Web of Science database. Notably, the research output in the startup sector doubled, rising from 684 publications in 2020 to 1,231 in 2024. Although the topic of startup success is gaining increasing attention from researchers, comprehensive analyses remain confined to few people. By examining annual publication trends, research growth using time series analysis, key sources (journals), influential authors, documents, keyword frequency, and geographical distribution, this study offers valuable insights into the evolving landscape of startup research. This article provides insight knowledge for the researchers and newcomers to become familiar with this field of study as it examines the salient features and evolution in the field of innovation studies.

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Startups, Scientometric, entrepreneur, innovation, technology.

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a long-lasting condition that slowly breaks down the brain's nerve cells, known as neurons, particularly in the cerebral cortex. This leads to problems with memory, thinking, language skills, and changes in behavior. It is the most common type of dementia and typically affects people who are 65 years old or older. Alzheimer's often starts in late middle age and is marked by a gradual decline in memory and mental abilities due to damage in the brain. The condition involves a loss of cognitive function over 10 to 15 years, along with unusual tissue growths and protein clumps in the cerebral cortex. In Alzheimer's, nerve cells in the brain die off, which makes it hard for brain signals to travel correctly. At first, it might be tough to recognize Alzheimer's symptoms. A person with this disease struggles with memory, judgment, and thinking, making daily activities challenging. The loss of nerve cells happens slowly over several years.

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cerebral cortex, cognitive

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The integration of autonomous electric vehicles in agriculture presents a promising avenue to address sustainability and labor challenges in modern farming. This review paper explores the development of an EV Tractor "Agribot" designed to operate autonomously for harvesting and weeding in specified land dimensions. It discusses the evolution of autonomous agricultural systems, highlighting recent advancements in electric tractor technology, AI-powered weed detection using convolutional neural networks (CNN), and user interface designs for seamless operation. The proposed model combines electric propulsion with intelligent navigation and real-time weed detection, aiming to reduce environmental impact and operational costs while enhancing productivity. By synthesizing existing research and proposing an integrated system tailored for small to medium-sized farms, this review underscores the potential of autonomous EV tractors as a transformative solution in precision agriculture

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Autonomous Tractor, Electric Vehicle, Agribot, Precision Agriculture, CNN, Smart Farming

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This study aims to develop a chat bot that engages users in natural, free-flowing conversations while efficiently answering common medical questions. The system will provide a user-friendly way to seek medical information in a conversational format.Unlike basic chat systems, this chat bot will be enhanced with advanced Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques. These techniques will help the system interpret user queries accurately and deliver contextually relevant, easy-to-understand responses. The chat bot will provide reliable, up-to-date, and interactive medical information. Its goal is to empower users with verified knowledge, supporting health awareness and better decision-making.In addition, the system will reduce the workload of healthcare professionals by handling repetitive and generic inquiries. It will connect to trusted Medical Information Systems to ensure accuracy and validation of responses. A unique feature of this study is the chat bot's ability to recognize and respond to the emotional tone of users. By providing empathetic responses, it will build trust, increase satisfaction, and create a more human-like experience. Ultimately, the project seeks to improve access to healthcare information, especially in rural or underserved areas. By offering 24/7 support, the chat bot can bridge gaps in healthcare delivery and make essential medical knowledge accessible to all.

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Chat bot, Natural Language Processing (NLP), Medical information, User-friendly system, Contextual responses, Human-like interaction, Health awareness, Healthcare accessibility,24/7 support, Medical Information Systems, Verified knowledge, Healthcare professionals, Interactive system.

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Breast cancer is a major global health challenge, and natural products offer promising avenues for novel therapeutics. This study evaluated the in-vitro anticancer activity of ethanolic crude extracts of Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek) leaves against MCF-7 human breast cancer cells, complemented by in-silico docking and ADMET analyses. GC-MS profiling identified key phytoconstituents including ricinoleic acid, elaidic acid, isolinoleic acid, stearic acid, azelaic acid, phytol, and squalene, most of which exhibited favorable drug-likeness and low predicted toxicity. MTT assays revealed dose-dependent inhibition of MCF-7 proliferation, with cell viability decreasing from 57.6% at 250 ?g/ml to 16.8% at 500 ?g/ml, corresponding to inhibition rates of 42.4% and 83.2%, respectively. In-silico docking suggested strong binding affinities of azelaic acid, elaidic acid, and ricinoleic acid to cancer-related targets, potentially mediating apoptosis and metabolic disruption. These findings indicate that fenugreek leaves possess significant anticancer potential, warranting further mechanistic and in-vivo studies for therapeutic development.

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Trigonella foenum-graecum, fenugreek leaves, MCF-7 cells, GC-MS, molecular docking, ADMET, anticancer activity.

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Spice seed crops such as black cumin (kalozira) and cumin contribute substantially to smallholder income and national spice supply in South Asia. This research paper presents an experiment-ready framework to optimize macro- (N, P, K) and micro-nutrient (S, Zn, B, etc.) regimes together with plant spacing to maximize seed yield and profitability of two commercially important varieties: BARI Kalozira-1 and RZ-19. Drawing on varietal descriptions and recent agronomic studies, we propose a split-plot field experiment with nutrient regime as the main plot and plant spacing as subplots, factorially tested on both varieties across two seasons. Expected outcomes include identification of economically optimal fertilizer packages and spacing combinations that increase seed yield, harvest index and net returns while maintaining seed quality.

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Bari kalozira-1, rz-19, black cumin, cumin, plant spacing.

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Abstract: This research paper examines how Roald Dahl's Charlie and the Chocolate Factory and The BFG use nurturing relationships to provide consolation in the face of existential challenges. Through close textual analysis and supported by existentialist theory, the study reveals how characters like Charlie and Sophie overcome loneliness, fear, and absurdity by forming bonds rooted in empathy and moral choice. These relationships serve as a counter to the indifferent or hostile world they inhabit. Dahl's portrayal of consolation emphasizes not fantasy or escape, but human connection as the source of meaning, making his stories emotionally resonant for readers of all ages.

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Keywords: Consolation, loneliness, nurturing bonds, fear, human connection.

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This project presents a comparative study of an industrial steel building using two types of bracing systems: conventional steel bracings and advanced Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) bracings. The aim is to understand how each system performs under various loading conditions, especially seismic loads. The structural models were created and analysed using software. Key performance parameters such as lateral displacement, roof deflection, base shear, axial forces in bracings, and member utilization ratios were evaluated. The results showed that SMA bracings significantly reduce lateral displacement and residual deformation compared to steel bracings. Though SMA is more expensive, it provides better performance in terms of seismic resistance and structural recovery after an earthquake. Steel bracings, on the other hand, are cost-effective and perform well under normal conditions but may lead to higher post-earthquake damage. This study helps in understanding the potential of using SMA in industrial buildings and guides structural engineers in selecting suitable bracing systems based on performance, cost, and safety considerations.

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SMA (Shape Memory Alloy), Industrial Building, Steel and SMA Bracings.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Buccal drug delivery systems (BDDS)have emergedas apromisingalternativeto conventional oral drug delivery, offering advantages such as bypassing first-pass metabolism, rapid onset of action, and improved bioavailability for certain therapeutics. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the various approaches and technologies employed in buccal drug delivery,includingmucoadhesivesystems,patches,films,tablets,andgels.Thearticleexplores the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the buccal mucosa that influence drug absorption, alongside formulation strategies to enhance drug retention and permeation. Key polymers and excipients used in the development of buccal systems are discussed, with an emphasis on their role in mucoadhesion and drug release modulation.Additionally, the review outlines current in vitro and in vivo evaluation techniques used to assess the performance, efficacy, and safety of buccal formulations. Recent advances, challenges, and future prospects in the fieldare also highlighted, aiming to provide valuable insights for researchers and formulators developing novel buccal drug delivery platforms.

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Buccal drug delivery system, Buccal mucosa, buccal film,buccal patches

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The burden of proof is a cornerstone of legal systems worldwide, defining the responsibility of parties in litigation to establish their claims through credible evidence. As a fundamental procedural rule, its allocation and discharge ensure fairness, protect rights, and uphold justice. While the concept of the burden of proof is universal, its application varies significantly across jurisdictions, influenced by diverse legal traditions, cultural norms, and societal priorities. This research article delves into global perspectives on the burden of proof, providing a comparative analysis of its implementation in common law systems, civil law jurisdictions, and international human rights frameworks. The study aims to derive lessons from these systems to enhance the effectiveness of Indian evidence law. The first part of the article explores the theoretical underpinnings and practical applications of the burden of proof in common law and civil law traditions. Common law systems, including those in the United Kingdom and the United States, emphasize adversarial procedures, where the burden of proof is typically borne by the party asserting a claim. In contrast, civil law jurisdictions, such as Germany and France, adopt inquisitorial procedures, granting judges a more proactive role in gathering evidence and determining burdens. This section also examines how international human rights frameworks, such as the European Court of Human Rights and the United Nations mechanisms, balance evidentiary responsibilities to protect fundamental rights. The second part focuses on lessons for Indian law, evaluating areas where global practices can inform reforms. Observations from international jurisdictions highlight innovative approaches to handling statutory presumptions, reverse burdens, and shifting burdens in complex cases. Indian law, governed by the Indian Evidence Act, 1872, adheres to traditional principles but faces challenges in addressing contemporary issues such as corruption, terrorism, and digital evidence. The article critiques these challenges while proposing reforms inspired by global systems, such as integrating clearer standards for electronic evidence, refining reverse burden provisions, and adopting a more flexible approach to presumptions. The concluding section synthesizes the findings, underscoring the importance of aligning Indian evidentiary laws with global best practices. Recommendations include strengthening judicial training, enhancing legislative clarity, and fostering a more balanced framework that upholds individual rights without compromising public interest. The study advocates for a harmonized approach that integrates India's unique socio-legal context with the progressive elements of international legal systems. This research highlights the dynamic interplay between domestic and global legal principles, emphasizing the transformative potential of comparative analysis. By critically examining international perspectives, this article contributes to the ongoing discourse on improving procedural fairness in Indian law, offering pathways for harmonization and justice reform. The findings not only shed light on global evidentiary practices but also serve as a roadmap for India to navigate the complexities of modern litigation while preserving its constitutional ethos.

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 Keywords

Burden of Proof, Comparative Legal Analysis, Indian Evidence Law, and International Legal Systems.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition