Volume 11 | Issue 1

 Abstract

this paper proposes a new three-phase modular multi-level inverter (MMLI). The proposed inverter consists of repeated modular primary cells that are connected in series configuration. Therefore, the proposed topology can be extended to get more output voltage levels by adding additional cells without increasing voltage stresses across power switches. Both sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) and staircase mod- ulation are successfully applied to the proposed inverter. The proposed inverter features many advantages such as reduced number of semiconductor power switches, driver circuits, dc- voltage sources, simplified control algorithm, and reduced volt- age stresses across the switches independent of output voltage level. Furthermore, the performance of the proposed inverter is studied under both open-loop and closed- loop operations for highly inductive load. Beside the obtained simulation results, a laboratory prototype has been carried out and tested to verify the control techniques and performances of the topology. Simulation and experimental results are compared together to highlight the similarity and consistence of them.

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Modular multi-level inverter, reduced dc- voltage sources count, sinusoidal pulse-width modulation

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The study Economic and viability of pineapple farming (variable, marketing, fixed & total cost) in the Churachandpur District of Manipur. To critically analyse the problems of pineapple farmers in the Churachandpur District of Manipur. Recommend measures for improvement of Pineapple farming in the Churachandpur District of Manipur. The population of the study involved all pineapple farmers' of Churachandpur district, Manipur. The sample farmers included randomly selected pineapple farmers to the tune of 100. The tools used in the study was a self - questionnaire which was administered on the sample farmers. The questionnaire was used for data collection as it was suitable and appropriate. Suitable and appropriate statistical techniques like PSPP and Excel Sheet were tabulation and testing hypothesis. The study found the problems and issues faced by the pineapple farmers is beyond their capacity to control. It was also discovered that pineapple farming in the area under study is economically viable as the pineapple farmer are profiting in spite of the problem faced. Based on the findings it may be concluded that government intervention to boost pineapple cultivation is zero. The study discovered a significant differences between experienced farmers and inexperience farmers with respect to the problems encountered while farming pineapple. It was also found out significant difference between self- owned land farmers and family owned land farmers. The study found that pineapple cultivation is very economically viable.

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Pineapple, Churachandpur, Problems of pineapple farmer, small farmer, big farmer.

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India's Role in Global Politics

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India's Role in Global Politics

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In the last few years, we have seen an introduction of digital communication systems (Facebook) to the life of adolescents. The tribal adolescents are a culturally and socially dissimilar group of people within the Indian community; tribal adolescents are usually marginalized, access education facilities are limited, and they are socio-economically disadvantaged. Facebook is becoming a popular among the tribal teenagers as the smartphones and internet are penetrating into the tribal regions. Depression is a long-term mood disorder infecting most aspects in one's life in that one feels worthless, highly guilty, lonely, dejected, hopeless, self-doubtful of oneself as well as of their guilt and is the common symptom of depression. Stressful life events have serious adverse effects on the physical and psychological well-being. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between depression, stressful life experiences and suicidal thoughts of Facebook user tribal adolescents and non - tribal ones. The total number of sampled students was 240 adolescent students who represented the various schools in the Palamau division of Garhwa and Daltonganj. The sample was identified through purposive, where the participants were required to fulfil some specified inclusion and exclusion criteria. The tools used were a socio-demographic and clinical data sheet, Suicidal Ideation Scale. Stressful life Events Scale, and Beck Depression inventory (BDI). The findings showed that high levels of depression and stressful life events was both significantly associated with higher levels of suicidal ideation. The findings further supported that high depressive adolescents would have a higher level of suicidal ideation than low depressive adolescents and that adolescents experiencing high level of stress would have a higher level of suicidal ideation compared to those experiencing low levels of stress.

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Suicidal ideation, Facebook Users, Depression, Stressful life events.

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Agricultural land loss; Land use-land cover change; Semi-arid lateritic region; Urbanization; Sustainable agriculture; Bankura district

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Visible Light Communication(VLC) harnesses the power of visible light to enable high-speed wireless data trans-mission, providing a promising alternative to traditional radio-frequency communication. This paper delves into the design and implementation of VLC systems, highlighting recent break- throughs and exploring their practical applications. Moreover, we examine VLC systems' challenges in real-world environments, focusing on recent research endeavors to overcome these hurdles. We discuss how VLC can be leveraged to generate energy through visual light, paving the way for innovative applications in fields such as smart buildings, IoT devices, healthcare, and sustainable energy harvesting. By shedding light on the current state of VLC technology, this paper aims to inspire future research directions and accelerate the development of VLC systems.

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Optical Communication, SLIPT,VLC, Wireless Communication

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Burhachapori Wildlife Sanctuary (BWLS), situated within the actively migrating floodplains of the Brahmaputra River in the state of Assam, represents one of the most geomorphically unstable protected areas of the Brahmaputra valley. This study reconstructs multi-decadal patterns of riverbank erosion and deposition along the sanctuary's northern boundary between 1979 and 2020, integrating Landsat time-series imagery, Survey of India topographic sheets and field observations. The results reveal a cumulative loss of 10.342 sq. km of landmass, driven by sustained cut-bank retreat, channel migration and mid-channel bar dynamics, while depositional processes contributed only 0.51 sq. km of land gain, primarily along hydraulically quiescent zones. Erosion was most severe along the Paspati, Jhaoni and Basabari sectors, where anthropogenic infrastructure such as anti-poaching camps was repeatedly destroyed. Emergent river islands (chars) within the sanctuary were temporarily occupied by fishing groups until formal reclamation after 2013, following which notable increases in the presence of Platanista gangetica and wintering anatids were recorded. The findings exemplify the sensitivity of floodplain protected areas to fluvial processes and demonstrate the need for geomorphologically informed conservation planning. The study offers a baseline framework for integrating hydro-geomorphic dynamics into management strategies for riverine protected areas in monsoon-dominated braided-river systems.

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Brahmaputra River, bankline migration, erosion-deposition dynamics, Burhachapori Wildlife Sanctuary, floodplain geomorphology.

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This paper offers a comparative philosophical study of Nāgārjuna, the second-century Buddhist thinker and founder of the Mādhyamika school, and Jacques Derrida, the twentieth-century French philosopher who developed the method of deconstruction. Both philosophers interrogate the foundations of essentialist thinking: Nāgārjuna through his doctrine of Śūnyatā and Pratītyasamutpāda (dependent origination), and Derrida through his critique of logocentrism and his concept of différance. By analysing their shared strategies of dismantling fixed categories, their rejection of intrinsic essences, and their insistence on the instability of meaning, the paper argues that Nāgārjuna and Derrida converge as non-essentialist thinkers, albeit working within different philosophical horizons. It also highlights their differences, particularly in the ethical and soteriological dimensions of Nāgārjuna’s thought vis-à-vis Derrida’s focus on textuality and undecidability. The comparative exploration shows the promise of cross-cultural philosophy in understanding deconstruction not merely as a Western phenomenon but as a global mode of thinking that destabilizes all claims to foundational certainty.

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Mādhyamika, Mādhyamika-śāstra, Mahāyāna Buddhism, Mūlamadhyamakakārikā, Nāgārjuna, Candrakīrti, Dignāga, Nirvāṇa, Prajñāpāramitā-sūtras, Prasannapadā, Śūnyatā, Svabhāva, Svalaksana, Śūnyavāda, Pratītyasamutpāda, Parasparapeksa Sidhih, Dharmas, Apoha-vada, Derrida, Deconstruction, Différance, Non-essentialism, Logocentrism, Double Séance, Tetrapharmakon, Trace, Binary Oppositions

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Abstract This study examines the historical evolution, cultural significance, and contemporary challenges of Satras--monastic institutions central to the Neo-Vaishnavite movement initiated by Srimanta Sankardeva in the 15th-16th century Assam. Rooted in the philosophy of Ekasarana Nama Dharma, Satras have served as centers of devotional worship, artistic expression, education, and social reform. Functioning under the guidance of the Satradhikar and sustained by the disciplined life of resident monks (bhakats), these institutions preserve sacred texts such as the Kirtan Ghoxa and Nam Ghoxa, laterally with presentation civilizations with Sattriya dance, Borgeet music, Ankia Naat plays, and Bhaona drama. Beyond religious practice, Satras have historically fostered egalitarianism, confronted caste hierarchies, promoted the Assamese language, and acted as centers of native education and ethical training. In the contemporary era, Satras face pressures from modernization, globalization, declining patronage, youth migration, and the commercialization of cultural practices. Although national and international credit of art forms like Sattriya has augmented visibility, it also risks thinning their devotional spirit. To address these tests, the study climaxes preservation strategies, including government and NGO initiatives, community engagement, addition of heritage into academic curricula, formation of digital archives, and raise of heritage tourism with protections.

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Satras, Vaishnavism, Srimanta Sankardeva, Assamese Culture, Religious Tradition Preservation.

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This study presents a comprehensive trend analysis of the revenue receipts and expenditures of the Government of Assam for the period 2008 to 2022. The objective is to examine the fiscal sustainability of the state by exploring growth trends, identifying fiscal imbalances, and establishing statistical relationships between receipts and expenditures. Using descriptive statistics, correlation, paired t-test, and regression analysis, the study evaluates the fiscal health of Assam. The analysis reveals a general upward trend in both revenue receipt and expenditure, with instances of fiscal surplus and deficit across the years. The findings suggest a strong positive correlation between revenue receipt and expenditure. However, fluctuations in the fiscal gap point towards challenges in revenue adequacy and expenditure control. Policy implications highlight the need for better fiscal planning and revenue mobilization.

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Fiscal Analysis, Revenue Receipt, Expenditure, Assam, Regression, Correlation

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This study explores the linguistic development of Assam, a region marked by rich ethnic diversity and cultural plurality. It traces the historical evolution of the Assamese language alongside the tribal and minority languages that coexist in the state. The research examines the influence of socio-cultural movements, colonial policies, and political changes on language growth and preservation. Additionally, it highlights the contemporary challenges faced by minority languages in the face of modernization and globalization. The study underscores the importance of inclusive language policies, community involvement, and technological interventions for sustaining Assam's linguistic heritage. This comprehensive analysis aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of Assam's linguistic identity and promote efforts for its preservation and development.

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Assamese Language, Linguistic Development, Language Preservation, Language Policy, Cultural Identity, Language and Society.

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Mathematical Logic and Set Theory form the foundational pillars of modern mathematics, providing the necessary tools for rigorous reasoning, formal proof structures, and the development of advanced mathematical theories. This paper explores the historical evolution, fundamental concepts, and critical roles of these disciplines in shaping mathematics and its applications. We discuss their contributions to computer science, philosophy, linguistics, and theoretical physics, while also addressing contemporary challenges and extensions. Through a systematic review, this study highlights the indispensable nature of logic and set theory in both pure and applied mathematics. This paper delves into the profound and often understated significance of mathematical logic theory and set theory as the bedrock of modern mathematics. We explore their historical origins, fundamental concepts, and their pervasive influence across diverse mathematical disciplines and interdisciplinary applications. Beginning with the formalization of reasoning and the concept of collections, we demonstrate how these theories provide the necessary rigor, consistency, and universality for mathematical inquiry. From establishing the foundations of number systems and analysis to shaping the development of computer science and artificial intelligence, logic and set theory are shown to be not merely abstract constructs but essential tools for understanding and advancing scientific knowledge.

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Mathematical Logic, Set Theory, Formal Proofs, Axiomatic Systems, Computability, Foundations of Mathematics, Formal Systems, Proof Theory, Model Theory, Recursion Theory, Zermelo-Fraenkel Set Theory, Axiom of Choice, Continuum Hypothesis.

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These days, algorithms and data structures are crucial to computer science since they enable us to store, process, and analyze vast amounts of data. Several techniques are used in data structures to arrange the data. We think that seeing the minaction is the greatest method to comprehend algorithms and data structures. For a range of algorithms, we created interactive visualizations that are simple enough for the human brain to comprehend and use. The goal of this project's development is to make algorithms simply understandable to humans. Additionally, this effort improved our understanding of algorithms and data structures. Traditionally, theoretical and mathematical analysis has been used to examine data structures and algorithms. As a result, it is time-consuming, difficult to study, and lacks understanding of how an issue is applied in real life. We have created and supplied an idea, data structures, and algorithm to help teachers and students visualize data structures and algorithms with their real-world implementation.

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visualization, Interface, Application layer

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National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 has finally opened the door for the world of 21st-century education. The policy builds from the foundational principles of access, equity, quality, affordability, accountability and an inclusive education system. One of the most remarkable aspects of NEP 2020 is that it acknowledges how teachers are supposed to play various roles in the classroom. Educators are now seen as mentors and facilitators. The policy stresses teacher training focused on the needs of the socio-economically disadvantaged groups. Technology is highlighted as a vehicle to integrate into teacher education and classroom practice to improve learning outcomes. Teachers are the backbone of the education system. The implementation of NEP 2020 is an ambitious agenda, so it has many challenges. Some key recommendations are outlined below.

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NEP 2020, Teacher Education, Education Policy, Challenges

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STAGES OF HISTORICAL RESEARCH

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STAGES OF HISTORICAL RESEARCH

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 Abstract

saibar apradh se suraksha avm nyayika smadhan

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saibar apradh se suraksha avm nyayika smadhan

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Samskritavangmaye Ashwamethayagasya Vaisishtyam

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Samskritavangmaye Ashwamethayagasya Vaisishtyam

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The aim of research is to determine the effect of plyometric exercises with skill practices on speed of volleyball players of high school boys. Twenty Seven subjects were randomly assigned to three equal groups of 9 subjects and they were high school Volleyball Players who were studying in schools at Vijayapur District, Karnataka, India. Three groups were assigned into Experimental Group-I (PE) acted as Plyometric Training group practicing plyometric exercises; Experimental Group-II (PESP) acted as Plyometric Training Group practicing plyometric exercises with specific skills and Group-III (CG) acted as control group. The Pre test scores on Speed as physical fitness component was conducted for all the subjects by administering 50 Meters Run Test (in seconds). Experimental groups practiced plyometric training for the period of 12 weeks. The post test mean scores of Speed was collected after the said treatments. ANOVA and ANCOVA Analysis were used to determine the significant mean scores for Speed variable. By using LSD post hoc test where the obtained F value was found significant. The level of significance was fixed at 0.05 level. The SPSS Package along with MS Excel applications were utilized to get the results for the present investigation. The findings emphasize the value of comprehensive training programs that target multiple dimensions of athletic performance in Volleyball game. Plyometric exercises, when integrated into training, can significantly enhance the speed of volleyball players of high school boys, ultimately boosting their overall effectiveness on the court. These insights are valuable for coaches and trainers aiming to optimize the performance of their athletes.

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Plyometric exercises, speed, volleyball, high school boys, players

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Abstract This research paper explores the optimization of refurbishment material handling within the SAP Project System (SAP PS) module. The study aims to compare different strategies and techniques for managing materials during refurbishment projects to enhance efficiency, reduce costs, and improve project outcomes. By analyzing existing literature and case studies, we identify key challenges faced in material handling and propose solutions that leverage SAP PS capabilities. The paper examines various optimization methods, such as automated inventory management, real-time tracking, and integration with other SAP modules like Materials Management (MM) and Plant Maintenance (PM). A comparative analysis is conducted across multiple industries to assess the effectiveness of these strategies in diverse operational contexts. The findings highlight the potential benefits of implementing optimized material handling processes, including reduced downtime, improved resource allocation, and enhanced project control. This research contributes to the understanding of how SAP PS can be utilized to streamline refurbishment projects, offering practical insights for organizations seeking to maximize their material handling efficiency.

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Keywords: SAP Project System, refurbishment material handling, optimization, inventory management, real-time tracking

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Abstract In the realm of cloud computing, ensuring fault tolerance is paramount to maintaining the integrity and availability of data amidst hardware or software failures. As organizations increasingly migrate to cloud-based infrastructures, the reliance on robust fault tolerance mechanisms becomes indispensable. This paper delves into the multifaceted strategies employed to safeguard data within cloud environments, emphasizing methods to preserve data integrity and ensure seamless availability despite potential disruptions. Fault tolerance in cloud computing encompasses a range of techniques designed to mitigate the impact of failures on system performance and data reliability. This technique indicate that even if a particular node fail, copies of the data remain accessible from other locations, thus maintaining data availability and integrity. Additionally, distributed systems often employ techniques such as data sharding and partitioning to further enhance fault tolerance, enabling systems to manage large volumes of data efficiently and recover gracefully from localized failures. Another critical aspect of fault tolerance is error detection and correction. Advanced error detection algorithms and protocols are implemented to identify inconsistencies and anomalies in data as soon as they arise. These algorithms facilitate the automatic correction of errors, thereby preserving data accuracy and preventing corruption. Furthermore, cloud platforms leverage sophisticated monitoring and alerting systems to detect failures in real-time and initiate automatic failover procedures, which re-route traffic and operations to healthy components. The paper also explores various fault tolerance models, including active and passive replication strategies. Active replication involves processing requests simultaneously across multiple replicas, while passive replication ensures that only one replica handles requests at any given time, with others standing by to take over in case of failure. Each model offers distinct advantages and trade-offs in terms of performance and resource utilization.

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Keywords Fault Tolerance, Cloud Computing, Data Integrity, Data Availability, Redundancy, Replication, Distributed Systems, Data Sharding, Error Detection, Error Correction, Monitoring Systems, Failover Procedures, Active Replication, Passive Replication, Cloud Architecture

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