Volume 13 | Issue 1

 Abstract

This study investigates the development of advanced feature engineering tools and techniques to uncover potential associations between polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and gynecological cancers, such as ovarian cancer. By leveraging variables derived from ultrasound imaging and metabolic data, this research establishes a systematic approach to feature extraction, transformation, and selection for predictive modelling. Key ultrasound variables, such as follicle count and ovarian volume, are integrated with metabolic indicators, including glucose levels and hormonal profiles, to construct a comprehensive dataset. These features are then processed using methodologies like recursive feature elimination, correlation analysis, and principal component analysis (PCA) to identify the most significant predictors. Machine learning models, including logistic regression and random forests, are trained on the engineered features to evaluate the predictive accuracy and robustness of the approach. The results highlight the pivotal role of combining multimodal datasets in achieving high predictive performance, with random forests achieving an F1-score of 0.87. Furthermore, this research emphasizes the importance of feature engineering in medical diagnostics, offering insights into the complex interrelations between PCOS and ovarian cancer. The findings advocate for continued advancements in data integration and model development to support personalized healthcare interventions.

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PCOD/PCOS, Gynecological cancer, Machine Learning, Deep Learning

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Abstract--The rapid advancement of technology, particularly machine learning (ML) and the Internet of Things (IoT), is revolutionizing agriculture by optimizing crop production and ensuring sustainability. This paper presents a web-based platform developed to assist farmers in selecting suitable crops, predicting fertilizer requirements, and diagnosing plant diseases. The platform uses data from Kaggle, ML models implemented in Flask, and ReactJS for the frontend. Farmers can input NPK values and city names to receive insights on temperature, humidity, and fertilizer requirements, while also benefiting from disease prediction through image uploads and SMS alerts. The system aims to improve farming practices, promote sustainability, and enhance productivity [3], [4].

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Keywords--Machine Learning, Precision Agriculture, ReactJS, Flask, Crop Prediction, Disease Detection, SMS Alerts, Fertilizer Recommendation

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'Causality' and 'freedom' are central to discussions in Philosophy of action. Causality and freedom have been addressed from ontological as well as ethical perspectives. Ontologically, causality refers to the dynamics of changes signifying the way there is continual success of cause and effect. Needless to say that cause and effect are relative terms .That which is a cause in relation to the effect can be seen as the effect in relation to its antecedent which is the cause. The relationship between cause and effect is one of necessity such that given the cause effect can be predicted in advance and given the effect the cause can be inferred retrospectively. Causal necessity lives no room for human freedom, Therefore moral judgments cannot be passed on the causal process in the state of nature. 'Freedom' on the other hand is a moral concept. Freedom of will makes sense only in human domain, because human beings are endowed with autonomy of will. Given the circumstances, different individual are free to act differently. Causality and freedom do not go hand in hand. State of nature is understood and explained in terms of causal laws whereas it is the freedom of will which defines the distinctiveness of human action. The distinction between action and event is fundamental. Event is causally determined whereas action is determined by free will. In other words an event is caused whereas action is willed. Morality makes sense only in the domain of human actions, because human agents hare autonomy of will. The 'will' can be used and abused as well on account of which the moral judgments are rendered meaningful. The dissertation is an exercise to a undertake analysis of the notion of 'causality' and 'freedom' in Buddhist Philosophy.

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Causality, Freedom, Determinism, Samsara, Nirvana, Law of karma, suffering.

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Ayurvedic medicine is an ancient system that originated in India thousands of years ago and has been used for prevention and treatment of heart disease with the support of cardiovascular health. Heart-related illnesses are mainly caused by imbalances in the three doshas, and treating CVDs can be difficult when trying to restore their balance. Historically, herbal treatments have been used to cure a wide range of illnesses in many traditional medical systems, demonstrating their importance in human healthcare. Various Ayurvedic herbs like Ashwagandha, Arjuna, and Guggulu are scrutinized for their roles in circulating blood, lowering cholesterol, and controlling blood pressure. But a review of clinical studies and case reports indicates that if used in conjunction with conventional therapies, Ayurvedic treatments may promote heart health. More research and clinical trials are necessary to comprehend their efficacy in contemporary cardiology. The paper notes that integrating ayurvedic medicine with conventional treatments may provide comprehensive management of heart disease.

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Ayurveda, Heart Disease, Cardiovascular Health, Herbal Medicine, Arjuna, Ashwagandha, Guggulu.

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Various essential elements are crucial for the survival and well-being of human beings. other beings for their survival, agriculture plays a crucial role in the development of the economy of India. The major impediment to food security is population growth resulting in increasing demand for food. To increase the supply, farmers need to grow more on the same land. Tech can help farmers produce more through crop yield prediction. 1. The primary goal of this. paper is to predict 3. Applying crop yield. rainfall, crop, meteorological conditions, area, production, and yield variables, which have threatened the long-term sustainability of agriculture (Mahmood et al., 2017). Crop yield forecasting: a decision-making tool that employs machine learning and deep learning techniques to assist in making informed choices regarding agricultural production

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Deep Learning, Machine Learning.

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In light of the growing importance of environmental sustainability, the transition to renewable energy sources like solar energy has become crucial. Solar products, which harness solar energy for various applications, hold significant potential in addressing energy needs while minimizing environmental impact. However, the widespread adoption of these products is heavily influenced by consumer awareness and understanding of their benefits and functionality. This study examines how demographic variables such as age, monthly family income, and educational qualification impact consumer awareness of solar products. Using a descriptive and exploratory approach, the research gathered data from 120 participants in Haryana through a structured questionnaire. The analysis, which includes Chi-square tests and descriptive statistics, reveals significant associations between consumer awareness and demographic factors. Younger consumers, those with higher income, and individuals with higher educational qualifications are more likely to be informed about solar products. The findings emphasize the need for targeted education and outreach to enhance awareness, promoting the adoption of solar energy solutions for a more sustainable future.

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Exploring, Awareness, Consumers, Solar, and Products.

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The protection of personal identification numbers and passwords is a significant barrier for cybersecurity. Deceptive login pages soliciting personal information deceive billions of users daily. A variety of nefarious approaches are employed to deceive individuals into accessing harmful websites, such as phishing emails, clickjacking, malware, SQL injection, session hijacking, man-in-the-middle attacks, denial of service, and cross-site scripting. The offender creates a fraudulent yet convincingly comparable website to deceive victims into divulging their credentials. Researchers have offered many security solutions to mitigate these vulnerabilities; however, these methods are both ineffective and susceptible to error. We introduce and implement a client-side defence system that employs machine learning to detect phishing attempts and recognise fraudulent web sites. Our machine learning algorithm serves as a proof of concept for the Google Chrome plugin PhishCatcher, which classifies URLs as either trustworthy or suspicious. The random forest classifier evaluates a login page for authenticity after acquiring four web properties. The precision and validity of the extension were evaluated on multiple real-world web applications. The findings exhibited a precision and accuracy rate of 98.5% when evaluated on 400 authentic URLs and 400 identified phishing URLs. We assessed the latency of our technique using forty phishing URLs. We improved Random Forest by integrating XGBOOST, a technique that evaluates datasets through forest trees or ensembles of estimators to optimise features more efficiently and achieve superior accuracy.

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 Keywords

IOT devices, Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Random Forest (RF).

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This theoretical conceptualization evaluated the importance of green leadership in bringing about a sustainable change in the educational institutions particularly focusing on the psychological factors influencing the stakeholder behaviour. This framework discusses the Theory of Planned Behaviour, Value-Belief-Norm theory, and Social Identity Theory. This paper also identifies the key characteristics of green leaders that include sustainable knowledge, visionary thinking, effective communication and emotional intelligence. Simultaneously, the challenges are also identified that are faced by the green leaders in implementing the sustainable change.

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Green leaders, sustainable change, psychological factors, stakeholders, educational institutions

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Gray Baby Syndrome (GBS) is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition observed in neonates, primarily linked to the administration of chloramphenicol, an antibiotic. This poster explores the causes, effects, and management strategies for GBS, aiming to enhance awareness among healthcare professionals. The syndrome arises from immature liver enzyme systems in neonates, which impair the metabolism and excretion of chloramphenicol, leading to toxic drug levels. Clinical manifestations include ashen-gray skin discoloration, abdominal distension, respiratory distress, and cardiovascular collapse. Early diagnosis is crucial, often relying on clinical symptoms and elevated serum chloramphenicol levels. Management involves immediate discontinuation of the drug, supportive care, and in severe cases, exchange transfusion to reduce toxicity. This research underscores the importance of careful drug selection, dosage adjustments, and pharmacovigilance in neonates to prevent GBS and highlights the need for continued research into safer antibiotic alternatives and early diagnostic tools.

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gray baby, syndrome,graysh skin, abdominal, hypotension

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Employee engagement plays a crucial role in driving organizational success, influencing various aspects of work performance such as productivity, creativity, retention, and overall job satisfaction. This study examines the role of behavioral principles in enhancing employee engagement by exploring foundational theories like the Hawthorne Studies, Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, and Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory. The paper further investigates the application of these theories through case studies of industry leaders such as Google, Zappos, and Netflix, which have successfully integrated intrinsic and extrinsic motivators into their employee engagement strategies. The study concludes that fostering autonomy, mastery, and purpose--while also managing hygiene factors effectively--can significantly improve employee outcomes, including satisfaction, productivity, and retention. The research also explores the evolving role of technology, leadership, and organizational culture, particularly in the context of hybrid and remote work environments.

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Employee Engagement, Behavioral Principles, Motivation, Organizational Behavior, Hybrid Work Models, Leadership, Technology.

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Comparative study of educational achievements of social sciences of girls studying in class 8 of Kasturba Gandhi Residential School and Council Upper Primary Schools of Pilibhit district.

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Comparative study of educational achievements of social sciences of girls studying in class 8 of Kasturba Gandhi Residential School and Council Upper Primary Schools of Pilibhit district.

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Karate is a Japanese martial art that uses striking and kicking techniques with hands, feet, elbows, and knees, as well as blocking and grappling, to develop physical and mental discipline. Karate related musculoskeletal pain are more common in students as continuous intense rhythmic movements of joints take place. Handgrip strength(HGS) is essential for the human body when performing precise hand actions. It is a low-cost method of estimating a persons total upper body strength which may reflect physical activity and general health. Hamstring muscle flexibility is the key component of martial arts training that improves performance and lowers the risk of injuryMETHOD : A cross sectional study was used. A purposive sample method, composed of 151 karate students between ages of 10 to 14 years in and around Ernakulum(Kerala). The study duration was 3 months. The outcome measures used were Modified Nordic Questionnaire for assessing musculoskeletal pain, Hand held Dynamo-meter for handgrip strength, Active Knee Extension Test(AKE) for assessing Hamstring tightness. RESULTS : A total of 151 subjects participated in this study. Among them 92 were boys while 59 were girls. In accordance with statistical analyses there is a prevalence in musculoskeletal problems among u-14 karate students. Hips/thighs 29.8% and knees 25.1% were the most often reported pain sites, 59% had hamstring tightness, whereas 41% showed hamstring flexibility and 74% subjects showed normal strength ,21% were weak and 5% had strong handgrip strength. CONCLUSION: The study revealed that musculoskeletal problems are common among U-14 karate students, limiting their karate involvement and shortening their careers. Understanding the prevalence can aid in preventive training and the development of strategies to reduce the prevalence of musculoskeletal diseases.

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HGS- handgrip strength, MSK - musculoskeletal, AKE- Active knee extension test

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Social media platforms have revolutionized communication, but they also bring significant challenges in governance, privacy, and law enforcement. As governments and regulatory bodies grapple with these challenges, laws related to social media have evolved differently across countries. Through the comparative study of social media laws across the United States, China, Germany, the European Union, the United Kingdom, and India, the article will shed light on the complexities and potential solutions to this multifaceted issue. This article will also address how international cooperation can foster better global standards, ensuring that social media regulation remains both effective and respectful of fundamental rights.

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social media, regulation, government, free speech, online hate, misinformation, online safety

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Satras are considered as one of the most influential development of Medieval Assam. Along with the Namghars, these institutions had shaped the socio-cultural and religious fold of contemporary Assam and still have a significant prominence. The origin of the Satra concept could be traced back right to the Hindu scriptures like Satapatha Brahmana. The growth of Bhakti movement had its after marks in the North Eastern part of India in the form of Neo-Vaishnavite movement, continued from Northern India. Along with the waves of Neo-Vaishnavite movement initiated and propounded by Srimanta Sankardeva and his disciples including Sri Sri Madhabdeva, the Satra institutions became an integral part of Assamese society. Following the death of Sankardeva, internal conflicts among the devotees led to the fraction of 4 Samhatis with their respective features. Brahma, Purusha, Kala and Nika - these four Samhatis have their identical features reflected through the Satra institutions. As per the impacts, Satras has a holistic impact over Assamese society in various sectors, i.e. - social, cultural, economic, religious etc. In this paper, I basically tried to present the origin and development of Satra institution in Assam in association with Neo-Vaishnavite movement. The impact of Satra institutions in Assamese society is duly analysed through this paper.

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Neo-Vaishnavite movement, Samhati, Assamese society, Impact of Satra

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The appearance of fruits plays a significant role in determining their quality. Not only does it affect their market price, but it also influences consumer choices and preferences. The visual appeal of fruits--such as their colour, texture, size, shape, and any imperfections--provides valuable insight into their overall quality. Traditionally, inspecting these aspects by hand is time-consuming and labour-intensive. To address this, the food industry has increasingly turned to computer vision systems for automating the inspection process of fruits and agricultural products. After years of development, these systems have proven to be a reliable and effective tool for ensuring high-quality standards. This paper provides an in-depth look at each step involved in this process. Grading systems based on the Internet of Things (IOT) are a creative way to automate and expedite the assessment process in commercial or educational contexts. With little assistance from humans, this system effectively grades and evaluates performance by utilizing Internet of Things components including sensors, microcontrollers, and cloud platforms. Using sophisticated algorithms, the system gathers data from the users or items being evaluated, processes it, and then offers real-time feedback and grading. Stakeholders can monitor and analyze results thanks to an intuitive interface, and cloud storage integration guarantees safe and convenient data management. By improving the grading process's effectiveness, precision, and transparency, this study hopes to provide a useful answer for contemporary industrial and educational applications.

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IoT, grading system, sensors, microcontroller, cloud platform, automation, real-time feedback, data processing, smart evaluation,

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Cloud computing has become crucial to modern businesses for its scalability and flexibility to thrive. But managing cloud costs effectively has become more difficult, as unused resources, incorrect forecasting and governance holes mean that money is going to waste. In this work we explore how Cloud Asset Reporting Systems (CARS) can address such challenges and enable US enterprises to optimize their cloud expenditures. To help businesses get real time insights into the usage of their cloud resources CARS uses advanced technology such as machine learning, predictive analytics and automation. It identifies and unscrambles the waste elements such as redundant resources, that a company pays only for what it really needs. CARS enables better forecasting to avoid over provisioning and under provisioning, which saves the business from needless costs and performance problems. CARS also simplifies governance, automating compliance checks and combining cloud cost management at scale -- too important to manage yourself when you deal with super complex regulations. The results show how CARS improves resource allocation, facilitates a more appropriate budgeting mechanism, and aligns cloud spend with business objectives. The role of CARS would only expand as organizations advance more in the use of cloud and trendy things would come like an AI driven analytics and sustainability metrics of it. In accepting CARS the US enterprise is doing more than cutting costs. It is about unlocking the ability to innovate, maintaining financial health and staying agile in a more digital world. Building efficient, cost-effective, future ready cloud operations, this research demonstrates the value of integrating CARS.

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Cloud Asset Reporting System (CARS), Cloud Asset Management, cloud cost optimization, resource management, predictive analytics, governance, US enterprises, sustainability, cloud forecasting, digital transformation.

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Hydrogels are gaining popularity in recent times, especially when compared to other semisolid dosage forms such as ointments, creams, lotions, and pastes. This increased preference is largely due to their enhanced stability and ability to offer controlled release. The objective of this research was to formulate and evaluate a 2% & 1% of different polymer-based gel containing Diclofenac Sodium. The gel was assessed for various parameters, including pH, spreadability, consistency, homogeneity, drug content, skin irritation, and in vitro diffusion study. The percentage of drug release achieved was 99.94%. It can be concluded that the Diclofenac Sodium gel, formulated with 2% Carbopol 934P, exhibited promising characteristics for transdermal drug delivery.

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Key Words: Hydrogel, Sodium CMC, Carbopol 934, Diclofenac sodium

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The human psyche, with its experiences, relationships, and perceptions all woven into it like threads in a tapestry, can sometimes fray and begin to tear apart, and this creates an internal split and alienation. In this displacement, usually psychologically and existentially grounded, people are lost and unconnected to themselves and their surroundings. This phenomenon, described in the best terms as fragmented identity, is a major theme covered in both Sylvia Plath's The Bell Jar and Virginia Woolf's Mrs. Dalloway. This paper will look at the literary travels of Esther Greenwood and Clarissa Dalloway to discuss the experiences of psycho-existential displacement and fragmented identities from the standpoint of psychological studies. Finally, to enumerate the characters who epitomize the harmful effects of fractured identities and their struggles, we can point out Joan and Septimus Warren Smith. In trying to understand their internal battles with society and their deep-felt sense of isolation, one can understand better this difficult psychological condition and how it manifests in modernist as well as confessional writings.

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Sylvia Plath, Virginia Woolf, psycho-existential displacement, fragmented identities, psychology.

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Globally, cervical cancer ranks as the fourth most common kind of cancer. It is mostly caused by HPV strains. With a healthy immune system, it might take 15 to 20 years for HPV infection to proceed to cervical cancer. Early detection and treatment depend on this time frame. Medical practitioners employ screening methods such as Pap smears, HPV testing, and Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid (VIA) to identify precancerous lesions and lower the risk of morbidity and mortality from cervical cancer. The effectiveness of VIA is still up for discussion, despite the fact that it is thought to be a more affordable and economical form of therapy. The first line of prevention should be HPV immunization. Certain vaccines, such Cervarix, Gardasil, and Gardasil 9, are essential for protecting against oncogenic HPV strains and significantly reducing the risk of cervical cancer. Radiation therapy or chemotherapy are two possible treatments for patients with cervical cancer. In more extreme cases, laser therapy or therapeutic hysterectomy are used. A healthier diet can also help meet immune function demands, although supportive treatment is still necessary to maximize patient results. Dietary control and nursing are also crucial. Although cervical cancer can be treated in a variety of ways, the main causes of treatment success variations include wide variations in healthcare systems, as well as the accessibility of cervical cancer screening and vaccinations

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Cervical Cancer, Human Papillomavirus (HPV), Cervical Cancer Screening, HPV Vaccination, Cancer Prevention and Management

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Barrett's esophagus is a condition in which there is an abnormal metaplastic change in the mucosal cells lining the lower portion of the esophagus. This change is considered to be a premalignant condition because of its potential to further transition to esophageal adenocarcinoma, an often-deadly cancer1. The majority of BE cases are acquired, with the precipitant being long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Rare families have an increased incidence of developing BE through autosomal dominant inheritance of certain susceptibility alleles, known as the familial Barrett esophagus phenotype. BE predisposes patients to the development of dysplasia and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), a cancer with high morbidity and mortality2. Approximately 3% to 5% of patients with Barrett esophagus will be diagnosed with esophageal adenocarcinoma in their lifetime3 . Screening for Barrett's esophagus remains selective based on risk factors, a screening program in the general population is not routinely recommended. Diagnosis of BE is established with a combination of endoscopic recognition, targeted biopsies, and histologic confirmation of columnar metaplasia4. Several treatment modalities for advanced disease and cancer have been developed and studied to effectively treat disease, from endoscopic resection and ablation to more aggressive surgical options4.

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 Keywords

Barrett's esophagus , metaplasia, esophageal adenocarcinoma, gastroesophageal reflux disease, autosomal dominant inheritance, endoscopic ablation

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