Volume 13 | Issue 1

 Abstract

Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a long term condition characterized by consistently elevation of arterial blood pressure. It is a significant global health issue because of its strong association with heart diseases (CVDs), coronary artery disease, heart failure, stroke, and chronic kidney disease. Despite being asymptomatic in its early stages, hypertension, often termed the "silent killer," causes progressive damage to vital organs. This review provides an in-depth discussion of hypertension's pathophysiology, focusing on mechanisms such as increased peripheral resistance, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system overactivation, sympathetic nervous system hyperactivity, impaired renal function, and endothelial dysfunction. Additionally, diagnostic criteria and classification of blood pressure levels are explored, along with screening recommendations for early detection. Management strategies are highlighted, emphasizing lifestyle modifications, pharmacological interventions, and the importance of individualized treatment plans. The article also addresses special considerations for hypertensive crises and unique patient populations, including those with chronic kidney disease, the elderly, and pregnant women. By understanding the multifaceted nature of hypertension, clinicians can develop effective strategies to mitigate its complications and improve patient outcomes

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 Keywords

Hypertension, Patient , Factors, medications

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This study delves into the financial literacy and decision-making capabilities of women entrepreneurs, with a particular focus on Coimbatore, India. The research investigates various factors that influence their entrepreneurial journeys, such as the challenges they face, their motivations for starting businesses, and the critical role of financial awareness in ensuring business sustainability. By adopting a mixed-methods approach, the study incorporates both qualitative and quantitative data, including surveys and interviews, to gain a comprehensive understanding of the subject. It further explores the impact of gender norms, educational background, family dynamics, and government support on women entrepreneurs' ability to make informed business decisions. The research also highlights the key barriers that limit women's access to financial resources and knowledge, and how these challenges hinder their overall business growth. Additionally, the study proposes strategies to enhance financial literacy among women entrepreneurs, including educational programs, access to mentorship, and government initiatives. The study aims to foster inclusive economic growth and contribute to the broader goal of gender equality in entrepreneurship. Overall, this research seeks to provide valuable insights for policymakers, educators, and entrepreneurs themselves to drive positive change.

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Financial literacy, Women entrepreneurs, Gender norms, Business sustainability

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This research delves into the contrasting landscape of bail provisions enshrined in the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC) and the newly introduced Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS). Through a meticulous examination, the analysis dissects the criteria employed by each law in determining the grant of bail. This includes a critical evaluation of factors considered by courts, such as the nature of the offense, flight risk, and potential to tamper with evidence. Furthermore, the research meticulously compares the conditions imposed on bail by both the CrPC and the BNSS. This analysis sheds light on any potential differences in stringency or focus, such as limitations on travel or contact with witnesses. Finally, the research will identify unique features specific to each law. This may encompass provisions related to anticipatory bail, mandatory bail after a certain period of detention, or specific considerations for vulnerable categories like women or children. By providing a comprehensive comparison of these crucial elements, the research aims to illuminate the evolving framework of bail in India's criminal justice system. This analysis will be valuable to legal professionals, policymakers, and anyone seeking a deeper understanding of the right to liberty and its safeguards in the context of pre-trial detention.

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 Keywords

Bail, Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC), Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS),Offence, Witness, India's criminal justice system, Judicial Discretion

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Union Parishad is the lowest tier of local government institution which provides service to citizens at their doorsteps. It is the only institution that ensures good governance, development planning, implementation, transparency, and accountability for rural areas in Bangladesh. The latest local Government (Union Parishad) Act 2009 has created an opportunity to ensure participation and effective service to the citizens. By ensuring the best service to the citizen in local areas, union parishad can improve the living standard of local people and the development of the country as a whole. Moreover, actual sustainable development cannot be insured without the development of the status of local people, and for that union parishad play a catalytic role because of its functions, activities, role, and responsibility towards the citizen. Local institutions like union parishad ensure the best service to the citizen for promoting democracy, good governance, people participation, etc. Over the last few decades, Bangladesh see rapid growth but in local areas, people still face the problem of getting services because of institutional and outside reasons. In this research, we have been finding out the current problems which are being faced by the citizen in a particular union parishad in Feni Sadar Upazila. This is exploratory and descriptive research where survey method deployed on citizens and interviewing on union parishad bodies has been used based on multi-stage sampling in mixed approach. This is based on primary data in the area of 2 no Panchgachia union in Feni Sadar upazila at Feni district, where 200 respondents (190 citizens and 10 union parishad members) are taken by random sampling method. The findings of the study prove that most people face different kinds of problems when they seek service from union parishad. Reason of those challenges as respondent pointed out political, educational, economic, and social structure play a very significant role in terms of getting service from union parishad. This study reveals some ways to solve those problems for providing effective service to the citizen in the local area.

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 Keywords

Decentralization, Elected body, Local resident

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 Abstract

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Key words: Effectiveness, Sensitization Program, Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, Mothers, Home based diarrhoeal management, Under five children.

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This dissertation explores the principle of absolute liability in addressing industrial disasters in India, highlighting its evolution from strict liability through landmark cases like the Oleum Gas Leak and Bhopal Gas Tragedy. It examines the devastating impacts of industrial negligence on human lives and the environment, analyzing existing legal frameworks such as the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, and the Hazardous Waste Management Rules. The study identifies regulatory and operational lapses, emphasizing the need for stricter enforcement, robust safety measures, and proportional compensation for victims. Recommendations focus on empowering regulatory bodies and strengthening legal provisions to ensure industrial accountability and disaster prevention.

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Absolute Liability Strict Liability Industrial Accidents Environmental Laws Bhopal Gas Tragedy Vishakhapatnam Gas Leak Oleum Gas Leak Judicial Principles Regulatory Challenges Operational Safety Legal Doctrines National Green Tribunal (NGT) Chemical Hazards Environmental Protection Factory Safety Regulations Public Liability Hazardous Chemicals Industrial Safety Compensation Mechanisms Torts and Liability

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Background: In the digital age, it is a common sight to see people of all ages hunched over their digital devices. Technology has indeed helped us in many ways, but on the downside, it has also led to the rise of lifestyle disorders. The cervical spine is a continuous and coordinated network of muscles, nerves, and joints, the pathway ranging from the brain to the spinal cord. Irritation along this pathway leads to pain. Text neck syndrome leads to harmful symptoms such as neck pain, upper back pain, shoulder pain, chronic headaches and increased curvature of the spine while we look down at the screens of mobile devices and while we "text" for long periods of time. Aim: - The aim of the study to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching program on knowledge regarding text neck syndrome among students in selected nursing colleges of Guwahati, Assam. Pre-Experimental Study was conducted at St. Martha Institute of Nursing and Dispur Nursing Institude, Guwahati, Assam; 100 samples drawn by purposive sampling technique. The knowledge was assessed by using a self-structured questionnaire. Results: - the study reveals that majority of the students 40% fall under the age group of 21 - 25 years and least 20% of the student fall under age group >25 years. Also, majority (93%) are female students and (7%) were male students. Again, majority of the students, i.e., 60%, are using smartphone 2-4 hours daily and least 5% are using smartphone >6 hours daily. Again, majority of the students, i.e., 86% have never heard about TNS and 14% has heard about TNS previously. Again, majority of the students, i.e., 44% are using smartphone from 2-3 yrs and least 4% are using smartphone from <1 yr. Again, majority of the students, i.e., 97% don't have history of TNS and least 3% are having history of TNS. Study findings also revealed that majority (58%) had moderately adequate knowledge, (29%) had adequate knowledge, and (13%) had inadequate knowledge regarding text neck syndrome. There was no significant difference between pre-test (M = 5.42, SD = 1.85) score and post-test (M = 8.45, SD = 1.18) score with a mean difference of 3.03 and pair t test score is 25.68 and df = 60 at p <0.001 which shows that mean structured teaching programme brought an effect among B.Sc. Nursing students in improving the knowledge on Text Neck Syndrome. Conclusion: - The moderately adequate knowledge and practice of the students regarding prevention and treatment exercise of TNS should be considered an important concern for the health system.

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Key Word: - TNS: Text Neck Syndrome, WHO: World Health Organization, B.Sc. nursing: Bachelor of Science in Nursing, STP: Structured Teaching Program.

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Yoga , Sankhya, Vedanta, Cosmogony, Ontology

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Drones or Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV's) portray and exhibit a modern class of flying innovation that can be remotely steered or worked independently through programming controlled flight plans and calculations using coordinated and specialized frameworks that consolidate technical and systematic sensors with global positioning system(GPS). In the domain of calamity the board and help inside savvy urban communities these UAVs assume a critical part by upgrading situational mindfulness and further developing reaction time during cataclysmic events and mishaps, for example, quakes and so on in this manner further creating response time during horrendous occasions and disasters. Outfitted with significant standard imaging abilities, constant information taking care of and numerous helpful innovation, robots can quickly survey harm find caught people and convey basic and significant data to specialists on call by using the robot working structure (ROS) for capable correspondence and data gathering. This way the development can on a very basic level further develop emergency errands thus consequently showing their unprecedented chance in metropolitan flexibility and failure response frameworks. In metropolitan networks, the coordination of robots with IoT engages consistent data grouping and noticing, basically chipping away at metropolitan organization and system strength. This mix refreshes situational care during crises, pushes asset dispersing, and upholds proficient associations like traffic the board and customary checking. As robots and IoT frameworks keep on pushing, they will anticipate a fundamental part in changing sharp metropolitan locales into more responsive, conceivable, and related metropolitan circumstances. Drones, or UAVs, are becoming major mechanical assemblies across organizations, particularly in medical services and movement organizations. In clinical benefits, drones are fundamentally impacting the manner by which essential clinical supplies like blood, antibodies, and emergency remedies show up at remote or everything went south for districts, ensuring faster and more useful movement where standard strategies could endure. In made factors, drones are reshaping development frameworks by connecting, major areas of strength for speedy, fiscally sharp vehicle of things, particularly in time touchy circumstances. Their capacity to avoid traffic and appear at far away areas makes them focal in impressive metropolitan organizations, upgrading utilitarian practicality and reaction times. As robots continue to facilitate into clinical consideration and systems, they will expect a critical part in advancing metropolitan establishment, further creating receptiveness, and extending flexibility in both ordinary undertakings and emergency taking care of.

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 Keywords

Debacle The board, Automated Flying Vehicle, Robot Working Framework, Savvy Urban areas, Situational Mindfulness, Imaging Capacities, Metropolitan Flexibility, Crisis Clinical Conveyance, Functional Proficiency, Avoid traffic.

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RP-HPLC, Finasteride, and ChromNAV CFR.

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This study aimed to give ideas about the cases of chronic kidney disease in the Municipality of Lapaz Tarlac. The term paper includes demographic profiles and life experiences of the chronic kidney disease patients. The main goal of this study is to resolve issues about chronic kidney disease patients as well as to give them the right support system from the government. In addition, the research design for this study is a qualitative phenomenological study. It is qualitative research approach that builds on the assumption that the universal essence of anything ultimately depends on how its audience experiences it. Phenomenological researchers record and analyze the beliefs, feelings, and perceptions of the audience they're looking to study in relation to the thing being studied Lapaz is a municipality in the Philippines province of Tarlac. It is the main point of the study. This study involved residents with chronic kidney disease of the municipality of Lapaz, Tarlac this includes 22 barangays. This is the locale chosen to facilitate gathering of data. Findings revealed that a diverse distribution of CKD cases across different age groups. The most significant proportion of CKD patients was found in the age ranges of 15 to 19 (50%) and 20 to 29 (9%). This demographic pattern suggests a concentration of CKD cases among Young Adults in Lapaz Tarlac., Regarding gender distribution, 77.00% of CKD cases were female and 23.00% were male. This shows that female predominance aligns with global CKD epidemiology trends, reflecting higher incidence rates than in males. In summary, the study reveals the lived experience of CKD patients in the Municipality of Lapaz Tarlac. Most of the respondents need more support, especially financial support. The Mega Rhu Dialysis Center will have an impact on how patients with CKD survive on their financial needs as well as on their physical, emotional, and mental health.

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 Keywords

Chronic Kidney failure, Epidemiolgy, Dialysis Center, Financial

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On May 19, 2024, two young software engineers died untimely by a speeding Porsche car driven by an allegedly intoxicated 17-and-a-half-year-old minor in Pune. The investigation in this case revealed elaborate attempts by the family, doctors, police, and local politicians to cover up the crime committed by a teenager who is the only heir to the family fortunes, which runs in several hundred crores. An uproar on social media and protests on the streets of Pune ultimately forced the authorities to probe the case on the basis of the First Information Report (FIR) lodged by friends. The minor was produced before the Juvenile Justice Board which kept aside the request of the Police to try the boy as an adult. Also, within 15 hours, the Juvenile Justice Board also granted conditional bail to the minor and was asked to work with the 'Yerawada traffic police for 15 days, write a 300-word essay on the accident, get treatment to quit drinking and to seek psychiatric counselling'. Two days later, following a public outcry over these conditions, the Juvenile Justice Board cancelled the bail and remanded the minor to an Observation Home until June 5, 2024 which was further extended till June 12, 2024. The above case-text is a gist of an article written by Vishvajeet Ghoshal, Co-Founder of Children Unbound Foundation and former Joint Secretary & Director (Projects) of Prayas JAC published in thepressindia.in where he explains that "Beyond the criticism and uproar over Juvenile Justice Board's direction, the issue needs to be seen in the larger legal context, as the underlying philosophy of the Juvenile Justice Act is different from the Criminal Justice System. The accused minor is four months short of becoming an 'adult'. The directions of the JJ Board were in the context of the 'process' to be followed for 'adjudication and disposal of matters in the best interest of the children', setting up a system distinct from the adult criminal justice system for apprehension, detention, prosecution, penalty, imprisonment, rehabilitation and social reintegration of children in conflict with law'. The basic tenet of the JJ Act is to focus on rehabilitation and social reintegration of the child rather than punishment".

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"PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT UNDER JUVENILE JUSTICE (CARE AND PROTECTION OF CHILDREN) ACT, 2015: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY"

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