Volume 13 | Issue 1

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nyay, rajnitik mulya, pratha, riti-riwaj

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Facial expressions serve as a powerful medium of non-verbal communication, offering insights into human emotions. This paper presents a real-time facial emotion detection system leveraging Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for accurate emotion classification and Haar Cascade Classifiers for efficient face detection. The system is trained on the FER-2013 dataset, which includes seven emotion categories: angry, disgust, fear, happy, neutral, sad, and surprise. By preprocessing facial images into grayscale and resizing them to 48x48 pixels, the model ensures consistent input quality. The CNN architecture extracts intricate features from facial images, enabling robust emotion recognition. The system integrates real-time webcam input, allowing continuous emotion detection and overlaying the predicted emotion on the video feed. Experimental results demonstrate the system's ability to achieve high accuracy on both static and dynamic datasets, with minimal latency during real-time processing. Applications of this work span diverse fields, including mental health monitoring, human-computer interaction, and adaptive learning systems. Future enhancements include expanding the dataset, optimizing for edge devices, and incorporating multimodal data for improved accuracy and adaptability.

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Facial Emotion Detection, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Haar Cascade Classifier, FER-2013 Dataset, Real-Time Emotion Recognition, Webcam Input, Image Preprocessing, Human-Computer Interaction, Mental Health Monitoring, Adaptive Learning Systems.

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With the use of computer-aided design software, 3D printing technology allows for rapid prototyping and can create solid things with a variety of geometric shapes by sequentially depositing many layers. The customization of medications with individually adjusted doses, on- demand tailored manufacturing, unparalleled flexibility in the design, manufacturing of complex and sophisticated solid dosage forms, and financial benefits are the main advantages of three- dimensional printing (3DP) technology over traditional pharmaceutical manufacturing. A lot of researchers have been working recently to utilize 3DP technology to the production of pharmaceutical products and various drug delivery methods. Several 3DP methods, like as stereolithography, semi-solid extrusion, fused deposition modeling, and selective laser sintering, can be implemented in a variety of customizable and programmable medications. 3DP technology has previously produced sublingual, orodispersible, and fast-dissolving drug delivery formulations. Recently, 3DP was used to produce drug-loaded tablets with modified-release characteristics, doughnut-shaped multilayered tablets with linear release kinetics, and controlled release formulation with different properties.Still, only a small number of 3DP techniques result in relatively porous structures and dose forms with irregular geometries. Current obstacles that may prevent the widespread use of 3DP technology for pharmaceutical products include the cost of transition, facility adaption, obtaining regulatory approval, etc. Intense research is being done to modify the 3DP methodologies in order to get over the shortcomings and present constraints of this technology.

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3D printing technology , Micrometer, FDA

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This article acknowledges various leveled citizenship direct as the relationship elements to examine the association between human resource the officials and legitimate citizenship lead, definitive citizenship direct and legitimate execution, and after that to discover the impact of HR the board on progressive reasonability, and advances the technique and proposition to improve the human resource the board, improves the inside forcefulness of the relationship from the edge of the internal organization of endeavors, fulfills the demonstration of human resource the administrators practices and helps the agents make versatile, splendid response in insight the administrators, the noteworthiness of procedural value, improving the introduction of the whole affiliation and various perspectives to deal with the issue, finally propels the achievements of its destinations.

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human resource system, business failure, training, employee turnover, motivation, manager payrolls.

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This research paper examines the financial and market performance of leading companies in the United States IT sector, including Apple Inc., Microsoft Corporation, NVIDIA Corporation, and Alphabet Inc. (Google). Leveraging both fundamental and technical analysis, the study explores the financial health, market dynamics, and strategic drivers of these organizations over the past five years. Key tools such as ratio analysis, earnings growth, and the stock charts are employed to identify trends and insights. Findings reveal that these firms exhibit robust financial stability, consistent revenue growth, and sustained market leadership driven by innovation. Apple and Microsoft showcase resilience through diversified product portfolios, NVIDIA dominates the high-performance computing and AI markets, and Google leads digital advertising and cloud services. The analysis underscores the importance of integrating financial health and technical market performance in evaluating long-term investment prospects. These insights aim to guide investors and stakeholders in strategic decision-making, highlighting trends shaping the IT sector's future.

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IT sector, Financial Analysis, Technical Analysis, Market Performance, Innovation, Profitability, Stock Trends, Investment Strategies

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Computers are a huge part of our lives, and a lot of our daily work depends on them. Making them easier and more efficient to use is something we are always trying to improve. One of the most important tools for interacting with a computer is the mouse. While wireless mice, like Bluetooth ones, help us cut cords, they still need a USB connection, so they're not entirely device-free. This system solves that by offering a way to control the computer's cursor without any physical mouse, using just a camera. It uses MediaPipe and OpenCV to detect hand gestures through machine learning, allowing users to move the cursor, click, and scroll--completely hands-free. This makes interacting with computers easier and more convenient, without the need for any extra devices.

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Computer vision, hand gesture recognition, Media-pipe, virtual mouse.

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Urinary Tract Infections are very common clinical conditions being encountered in daily practice. The presence of pathogenic organism in the urinary tract is known as Urinary tract infection (UTI). Urinary tract infections (UTI) are the third most common infections in humans after respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract infections. Most common causative organism is E.coli. It is clinically presented as dysuria, fever with chill, frequency, urgency, cloudy urine with malodour, suprapubic pain etc. Diagnosis is made clinically and can be confirmed by urine examination. Antibiotic usage and antibiotic resistance has been increasing in treatment of UTI. More recurrence rates and greater antimicrobial resistance lead to increase the economic burden of these infections. Hence, it has become necessary to explore the role of Homoeopathy in the management of UTIs.

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Urinary tract infection, etiology, Homoeopathic therapeutics

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Purpose: Only about 5% of the general population seeks treatment for temporomandibular disorder (TMD), despite the fact that 60-70% of them are likely to suffer at least one symptom over their lifetime. However, anxiety and depression in adults are now acknowledged as major public health issues. Anxiety disorders are high-risk, chronic conditions that can lower quality of life and cause dysfunction. So the study aims is to evaluate the depression, anxiety and stress in young adults and elderly patients suffering from chronic TMD. Methods: This study investigated the prevalence and characteristics of Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) among two distinct groups: young adults and elderly patients, each consisting of 22 participants. Volunteers first responded to questions regarding the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) in order to gather data. Both groups then filled out the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) questionnaire. Result - High DASS survey scores were found to be significantly associated with TMD symptoms, indicating a substantial correlation between TMD symptoms and stress, depression, and anxiety. According to the study, the most effective cause of TMD is stress alone. Conclusion - Within the scope of present study as compared to young adults, depression, anxiety and stress levels are found to be more in elderly patients of chronic TMD.

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Cone-beam computed tomography. Temporomandibular disorders. Depression, anxiety and stress scale.

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Introduction -The ability to resist or have immunity to sickness is known as vyadhikshamatva. The quality of human health status has significantly declined from generation to generation, which has led to a drop in immunity. Suvarnaprashan has been used for a very long time to promote healthy physical and mental growth and development in children as well as to strengthen Vyadhikshamatva. Objective - To review the effect of suvarnaprashan as a Ayurvedic Immune booster. Materials and methods -An attempt have been made to collect suvarnaprashana related data in which article were searched for Google Scholar, PubMed, J-Gate with words like suvarnaprashana samskara, immunity and suvarnaprashana, toxic effect of Suvarna prashana. Till date 2/1/2025, 15 articles were found, of those 2 are about Immunosupression study of suvarnaprashana and rest of 13 are showing intervention of gold as suvarnaprashana in kids where immunity, intelligence, growth factor were primarily observed as parameter, all this study showed positive impact of suvarnaprashan as various parameters and none of those found ADR of the same. Result - Out of 15 study, 1 in vitro study(year2018) and 1 in vivo study(year2000) showed negative impact in form of immunosuppression effect and hamper activity of T-Lymphocyte and macrophage where as another study showed positive impact of suvarnaprashan on immunity and stimulate activity of macrophage and T-Lymphocyte. Conclusion- Until establishment of immunosuppression effect, suvarnaprashan may be considered as safer to give children.

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suvarnaprashana samskara, immunity and suvarnaprashana, toxic effect of Suvarna prashana

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Complex mechanisms drive electron Pairing in High -temperature Superconductors (HTS), which require advanced experimental investigations.In the study, multiple characterization techniques, x-ray diffraction,SEM ,TEM, and EDX are used to validate sample quality in order to focus on YBa2Cu3O7 and LaFeAsO . Sharp superconducting transition and minimal residual resistivity were confirmed with transport measurement , such as resistivity and magnetisation , demonstrating high sample purity. ARPES ,STM and neutron scattering spectroscopic methods gave insights into pseudo gap behavior, spin fluctuations and unconventional pairing symmetries . Electron lattice dynamics and coupling mechanisms involving phonons and magnetic interactions were determined by optical and time -resolved spectroscopy. Results demonstrate the interaction of spin fluctuations, lattice effects and electron correlation , indicate deviations from conventional BCS theory and require a new model of pairing symmetry. The future holds exciting prospects , as advanced spectroscopic tools will be used to refine theoretical framework and deepen our understanding of HTS mechanisms.

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High- temperature Superconductors, resistivity, magnetization, Electron -lattice dynamics.

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Preterm birth can be stressful and traumatic for mothers and can have negative consequences for the natural establishment of the mother-infant relationship, affecting the mother's psychological state, bonding, and interactions with her baby. The NICU environment disrupts the mother's involvement in infant care and jeopardizes the attachment process between parents and baby. Mothers play an important role in infant care, and positive interactions between mother and preterm infant at an early age have been shown to be associated with better cognitive outcomes, and thus maternal involvement appears to have a very positive effect. The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of kangaroo mother care on reduction of anxiety level among the postnatal mothers whose baby admitted in NICU. Methods : Pre-experimental one group pre-test post-test design was used to effect of structured teaching program on risk of post-natal anxiety on mothers of NICU baby at tertiary care hospital regarding kangaroo mother care. The sample size is 100 mothers of NICU babies at tertiary care hospital. The sampling technique used in this study was non probability - convenient sampling technique. The Hamilton's Anxiety Scale a standardized tool was used for data collection. The data collection was carried out in three phases and the data was analyzed by using the descriptive and inferential statistics. Result : The study result depicted that in pre test 97% of mothers had severe anxiety score and from post-test 85% of them had moderate anxiety scores and 15% of the respondents had mild anxiety scores. the pre test the mean of the anxiety score obtained by the sample was 34.89 and in the post test it reduced to 18.38. t value was calculated to analyze the difference in pre-test and post-test anxiety score of mothers of NICU baby before and after giving structured teaching programme. Highly significant difference was found between pre and post-test anxiety scores (t = 43.091). Conclusion : The present study concluded that the Structured teaching programme was effective in reducing post-natal anxiety among mothers of NICU baby at tertiary care hospital.

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Structured teaching programme, post-natal anxiety, and mothers of NICU baby

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ABSTRACT: Evaluative approach was used for the study.Quasi experimental pre-test post -test design with control group was adopted for this study. The Conceptual framework for the study was based on Ernestine Wiedenbacg's model. The study as done at Harsha International Public School, Sondekoppa circle, Nelamangala, Bangalore.The 60 samples were selected through simple random technique. The tool used were a self- administered structured knowledge questionnaire.

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Key words: Assess, Knowledge, Information Education Communication, Prevention of childhood obesity, High school children.

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Abstract: The deployment of 5G technology introduces new challenges for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding due to the higher frequencies and densely packed systems it requires. Magnetic materials have shown considerable promise in addressing these challenges, offering solutions for efficient EMI shielding. This paper discusses about EMI and the emerging magnetic materials that are being developed and integrated into 5G systems to protect against EMI, focusing on materials like ferrites, nanostructured composites, and magnetic polymers. The paper also reviews their applications in 5G components such as antennas, filters, and enclosures. By exploring the advantages and challenges associated with these materials, this paper aims to shed light on the potential role of magnetic materials in improving EMI shielding for next-generation wireless networks.

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Electromagnetic Interference, Shielding, Ferrites, Nano composites, Polymers

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A case of 48 years old male, presented with mass over anal verge associated with severe pain and difficulty in sitting since 6 days, during per rectal examination diagnosed as Inflamed Thrombosed external hemorrhoids. Arshasisadiseaseofgreatclinicalrelevanceinthemodernerabecauseofimproperfoodhabits and sedentary lifestyle, these causes interfere with digestive system which leads to many ailments amongst them ano rectal diseases constitute a major group. Arshas which is compared to haemorrhoids in the contemporary science is the commonest ano-rectal condition seen in thepracticeofproctology. External hemorrhoids arise from inferior hemorrhoidal plexus and are covered by squamousepithelium which occur below the pectinate line and may become thrombotic and ulcerate. According to Acharyas Bahya Arshas which is hard, bluish red in colour with severe pain which can be co-related to thrombosed external hemorrhoids. Method: Jalaukavacharana which is one among the Anushastra/ parasurgical procedure is selected as treatment modality for current case study. Results: Patient got symptomatic relief by 9th day of Jalaukavacharanaand Complete cured ofInflamed thrombosed external hemorrhoids within 15 days without surgical intervention usingJalaukavacharana. Conclusion: Jalaukavacharana as a Anushastra better treatment rather than surgical interventation in BahyaArshas and in patient who are afraid of surgery

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Keywords: Shopha Yukta Bahya Arshas,External Thrombosed Hemorrhoids, Jalaukavacharana, Leech therapy.

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Fonts Have Individuality Like we humans, every font has a unique personality and purpose. While working on a task, its imperative to know what font matches the intended tone of communication, which justify the authors through flow. The power of typography is of turn the written word into a seamless experience. Beatrice Warde wrote an essay on typography titled "The Crystal Goblet", the title itself is a reference to a clear vessel holding wine, where the vessel, the printed word, gives no obstruction to the presentation of its content the text. Wade poses a choice between two wine glasses: one of "solid gold, wrought in the most exquisite patterns" and one of "crystal-clear glass". Font and Its Tone Let's take a moment to think about how do we grasp the font tone visually. Different fonts carry different emotional weights, if used visually in an effective way they talk, invite, attract, cry and play with us. They have a language of their own. Similar to humans, the skill of adapting to the situation and coming out as a winner. Font psychology is one more design science that one should thoroughly investigate to become a well-educated designer. Every font has its own personality, so you should get acquainted with it. Each font influences the way we perceive a brand and product, so you should know these hidden influences on the user's decision-making process. 1.Serit font Psychology Sans Serif Typeface 2.Light vs Bold fonts 3.Rounded vs Angular 4. Lowercase vs Uppercase 5. Condensed vs Expanded 6. Short vs Tall Find your Right Font Font psychology is a very logical and intuitive science that can be perfectly applied in the creative design process. Each typeface has its own personality, its hidden traits, and influences on the user's psyche. The designer's main task is to discover that personality and match it with the mood of the brand. Create a perfect pairing of the brand and its native typeface that will become a logical continuation of the company culture and style. Typography and Emotion: Making Words Feel Alive The Reader's Rapport with Fonts As readers, unknowingly we develop compatibility with fonts, whether we realise it or not. We all have that one font that feels comforting, perhaps the one we are comfortably habitual to and grew up reading in our favourite books and novels. Some fonts arouse nostalgia, while others push us towards the future. It's no coincidence that science fiction often uses sleek, futuristic fonts, or that horror novels lean on jagged, unsettling typography. Conclusion Next time you pick up a book, take a moment to appreciate not just the words, but how those words are presented to you. The font is a silent storyteller, working behind the scenes to ensure the narrative reaches you in just the right way. Typography may be easy to overlook, but once you start paying attention, you'll realise it's the invisible hand that guides your reading journey. In a world of endless books and stories, fonts are the subtle art that transforms letters on a page into an unforgettable experience. The next time you open a book, notice the font and remember: it's quietly shaping the story, one letter at a time.

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TYPOGRAPHY, FONTS, EMOTIONS, PSYCHOLOGY, DESIGN

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Angika is a Bihari language which belongs to the Eastern Indo-Aryan language family. Traditionally, it has been considered a dialect of Maithili. Over the years, it began to be called Angika. Two copular verbs, chh and chhik have been attested in Angika as per Grierson's Linguistic Survey of India, 1903. However, Grieson's study is just a pilot study that doesn't study the variation in copular forms in the light of extra-linguistic factors. In this study, we have taken a diachronic socio-historical variationist approach to study the long-attested linguistic variation in the Angika language.

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Language Variation, Language Identity, Language contact and Age-graded change

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Fake reviews have become a growing concern in online platforms, impacting consumer trust and decision-making. This paper explores the use of machine learning (ML) and natural language processing (NLP) techniques to detect fake reviews in e-commerce platforms. We propose a two-stage approach: first, we extract text- based features from reviews using NLP techniques like term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF). then, we apply a Nave Bayes to distinguish between fake and genuine reviews.

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Fake review detection, machine learning, supervised machine learning, feature engineering

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Antenatal Mother, Institution, Delivery, Institutional Delivery, Pamphlet, Mother and Neonate

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The study explores the impact of reward systems on the motivation levels of employees in the IT sector. This research delves into the balance between intrinsic rewards like recognition and extrinsic rewards such as monetary benefits. Employing both qualitative and quantitative methodologies, the study identifies key strategies that organizations can use to enhance employee motivation. The findings emphasize the importance of personalized reward mechanisms tailored to individual and organizational goals. Insights gained aim to guide IT companies in fostering a motivated workforce, reducing turnover, and boosting productivity.

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Reward system, motivation, IT employees, intrinsic rewards, extrinsic rewards, employee engagement.

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Workforce management has evolved significantly due to technological advancements, fundamentally reshaping traditional practices. This study investigates the role of AI, automation, and data-driven approaches in optimizing human resource management. By examining emerging trends and their practical implications, it highlights the transformative potential of these technologies in enhancing productivity and employee engagement. Key insights reveal the challenges of resistance to change and skill gaps that hinder adoption. The study emphasizes the necessity of proactive change management and training initiatives to unlock the full potential of these innovations. Organizations adopting these tools can achieve a competitive edge in a dynamic business environment.

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Workforce management, AI, automation, data-driven strategies, employee satisfaction, productivity, innovation

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