Volume 14 | Issue 1

 Abstract

The visionary policies introduced by Shri Naveen Pattnaik played a crucial role in bridging the gap between the government and the common masses, especially among the marginalised communities. His initiatives helped in bridging the long-standing social cleavages among the tribal population of Odisha. Over the course of more than two decades in power, his government implemented a range of targeted tribal development programmes that not only uplifted the socio-economic conditions of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled tribes but also fostered a sense of inclusion and empowerment. This paper tries to analyse these transformative policies which were mainly focused the development of SC and ST communities and their impact on Odisha's journey towards inclusive Development. It also aims to explore how these populist Schemes influenced and reshaped the voting behaviour and political consciousness of the marginalised communities, ultimately consolidating his enduring political legacy.

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Scheduled Caste, Scheduled Tribe, Inclusive growth, Marginalised communities, Populist scheme, Naveen Patnaik, Odisha.

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Kaumarbhritya is one of the branches of the "Ashtanga Ayurveda". Balgraha is an abstract that is a part of Kaumarbhritya. The concept is quite distinctive which portrays the disease caused by the invisible vectors. This idea of Balgraha is not very acceptable nowadays due to Modernization of this era. For that reason, an attempt has been made to relate it to the modern era on the basis of the science and clinical application that can be practically applied on the patients. This review critically examines the classical Ayurvedic understanding of B?l Graha with a comparative analysis to modern pediatric disorders such as epilepsy, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), ADHD, night terrors, and psychosomatic disorders. By integrating Ayurvedic principles with contemporary scientific insights, this paper aims to contextualize the relevance of B?l Graha in modern child healthcare, explore potential correlations, and evaluate the therapeutic significance of Ayurvedic management strategies. The study also highlights the scope of interdisciplinary research to bridge traditional pediatric wisdom with modern neurodevelopmental science.

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B?l Graha, Ayurveda, Kaumarbhritya, Balgraha, Graha Roga,,child psychiatry, pediatric neurology, behavioral disorders.

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Photography has developed through many technologies, from early camera obscura principles to contemporary digital systems. In contemporary photography culture, the aim is often to capture the perfect image in a fraction of a second. Within contemporary photography, attention has shifted towards clarity and visual precision, while visual ambiguity is considered a defect and even an image failure. Drawing on photography theory, this article discusses how softness and reduced sharpness contribute to the aesthetic experience. Using a qualitative, conceptual, and interpretive approach, the study suggests that visual ambiguity in digital pinhole photography challenges dominant expectations of photographic realism. Rather than treating this phenomenon as a fault, the paper argues that ambiguity serves as an important expressive aesthetic strategy that invites contemplative viewing. By bringing together various discussions of photographic and pinhole photography theory, the article highlights the need to reconsider sharpness as a culturally constructed value within contemporary digital photography.

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Softness, Sharpness, Photographic Aesthetics, Digital Photography, Pinhole Photography

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Abstract Zn doped mixed metal oxide nanoparticles have attracted significant attention owing to their enhanced physicochemical properties and superior photocatalytic efficiency under UV and visible light irradiation. In the present work, ZnO-SnO? nanoparticles were synthesized by a simple sol-gel assisted co precipitation method. The prepared nanomaterials were characterized using X ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), to investigate their crystalline structure, morphology, and functional groups. XRD analysis confirmed the formation of crystalline mixed oxide phases with nanoscale crystallite size. SEM images revealed agglomerated nanoparticles with nearly spherical morphology. FT IR spectra indicated the presence of characteristic metal-oxygen vibrations, confirming successful synthesis. The photocatalytic activity of the synthesized nanoparticles was evaluated by degradation of methylene blue dye under UV light irradiation. Zn doping significantly enhanced the photocatalytic performance of SnO? due to improved charge separation and reduced electron-hole recombination. Among the prepared samples, ZnO-SnO? exhibited superior photocatalytic efficiency. The results suggest that ZnO-SnO? nanoparticles are promising materials for environmental remediation applications.

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Zn doped nanoparticles; ZnO-SnO?; Photocatalysis; Dye degradation Pineapple peels

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The Longchang community is a sub-tribe of Tangsa tribe that resides in Changlang District, Arunachal Pradesh. The Tangsas are one of the largest ethnic groups with many sub-groups that speak distinct dialects. In earlier time there was no such discussion on gender dysphoria as society were not aware. But as society are open up they come to understand about gender dysphoria especially today's youth who are experience this. Gender Dysphoria is a form of identity crisis experienced by today's youth, where they perceive a mismatch between their biological sex and gender identity. It is also known as gender identity disorder, where an individual feels like their soul is in the wrong body because she/he thinks that they have a different identity as compared to their biological one. These problems were also found among the youths of the Longchang community. This gender dysphoria creates chaos in their lives where they experience mental and emotional breakdown, get anxiety, depression, and become a victim of bullying in their society, schools, and peer groups. Even their family members' acceptance becomes difficult for them, especially where the family has a patriarchal mindset. As LGBTQ (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Queer or Questioning) people were coming into the light, this gave some relief to those youth with gender dysphoria where they can get a proper direction to figure out their actual identity or sex orientation.

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Gender Dysphoria, Identity Crises, Mental and Emotional breakdown, Family Acceptance, LGBTQ.

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Background: Kleda is a fundamental yet underexplored concept in Ayurvedic pathophysiology, representing the functional expression of Jala Mahabhuta responsible for tissue moisture, lubrication, and metabolic fluid balance. In its vitiated state (Vikrita Kleda), it plays a crucial role in the development of Kapha-dominant disorders, eg. Sthaulya and Prameha. Classical texts describe Sthaulya as a Medo-pradoshaja and Santarpanajanya Vyadhi, wherein deranged Meda Dhatu and impaired Medodhatwagni lead to excessive internal moisture and metabolic imbalance. However, Kleda has rarely been assessed as a measurable etiopathological entity using objective parameters. Aim: To evaluate Sthaulyagata Vikrita Kleda as an etiopathological factor and to explore its correlation with selected laboratory parameters. Methods: A clinical observational study was conducted on 100 subjects, comprising 20 patients each of Prameha, Sthaulya, Sotha, Kushta, and Vrana. Assessment was performed using a specially designed proforma based on classical Ayurvedic features of Kapha Vriddhi and Ama, supported by laboratory investigations including serum cholesterol and body mass index (BMI). A diagnosis of Vikrita Kleda was considered when four or more predefined features were present. Results: Sthaulya patients exhibited the highest prevalence of Vikrita Kleda features, particularly Swedadhikya (100%), Kshuda Adhikya (95%), and Pipasa Adhikya (90%). Prameha subjects showed overlapping Kleda manifestations, indicating a shared metabolic pathology. Elevated serum cholesterol was predominantly observed in Sthaulya and Prameha, while BMI analysis confirmed severe obesity in the majority of Sthaulya patients. Other disease groups demonstrated localized or minimal Kleda involvement. Conclusion: The study validates Sthaulyagata Vikrita Kleda as a central etiopathological factor in Sthaulya and allied metabolic disorders. The observed correlation between classical Kleda features and modern laboratory parameters highlights the potential of integrative assessment in understanding disease pathogenesis and supports the clinical relevance of Kleda as a functional marker of metabolic derangement in Ayurveda

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Ayurveda, Kleda, Sthaulya, Prameha, Vikrita Kleda, Serum Cholesterol, BMI

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Otomycosis is a common superficial fungal infection of the external auditory canal, especially prevalent in humid and tropical regions. It is characterized by itching, ear fullness, mild pain, and thick whitish discharge, and shows a high tendency for recurrence. In Ayurveda, these clinical features correlate with Kaphaja Kar?ash?la. The present randomized controlled clinical study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of Gugguladi Karnadhoopan in comparison with Clotrimazole 1% ear drops in the management of otomycosis. The study assessed symptomatic relief, clinical improvement, and safety of both interventions. Results demonstrated that Gugguladi Karnadhoopan provided significant relief in itching, discharge, and ear heaviness, with good tolerability, suggesting it as an effective alternative therapeutic modality.

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Otomycosis, Karnashoola, Karnadhoopan, Guggul

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This work presents an improved MobileNet-SSD framework incorporating two novel modifications: class-specific confidence calibration and adaptive non-maximum suppression (NMS). Experimental results demonstrate a 7.2% increase in mean average precision (mAP) on Pascal VOC benchmarks while maintaining real-time performance (31 FPS on CPU). The system particularly improves small object detection, achieving 15.3% higher recall compared to baseline implementations.

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MobileNet-SSD, Class Specific Confidence Calibration, Adaptive Non Maximum Suppression.

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This review paper examines the impact of new generation media, particularly social media, on body image, social interaction anxiety, and self-esteem. The widespread use of social media platforms has led to increased exposure to idealized and unrealistic beauty standards, contributing to body dissatisfaction and negative body image. The constant stream of curated images and virtual interactions can also exacerbate social interaction anxiety and decrease self-esteem, particularly among vulnerable populations such as adolescents and young adults. This paper synthesizes existing research on the topic, highlighting the complex relationships between new media exposure and psychological outcomes. The review identifies key factors influencing these relationships, including media literacy, self-esteem, and social support. The paper concludes with implications for interventions and strategies to promote healthy media use and mitigate potential negative effects on mental health. Furthermore, the virtual nature of online interactions can disrupt face-to-face communication skills, contributing to increased social anxiety and decreased self-esteem. This study aims to investigate the impact of new generation media on body image, social interaction anxiety, and self-esteem, and explores potential moderators and mediators of these relationships. The findings have implications for developing targeted interventions to promote healthy media use and mitigate potential negative effects on mental health.

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New Generation media, social media, body image, social interaction anxiety, self-esteem, mental health

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This project addresses the critical need for advanced structural analysis and design of high-rise buildings, focusing specifically on a G+20 multi-story twin tower structure integrated with connecting skywalks. The inclusion of a skywalk connecting the towers at multiple levels (4th, 9th, 14th, and 19th floors) adds considerable complexity to the structural behavior, particularly concerning load transfer and lateral stability under various loading conditions, including dead loads, live loads, wind loads, and seismic forces, in compliance with Indian Standard (IS) codes, notably IS 456:2000, IS 875, and IS 1893. The structural analysis and design were performed using software STAAD.Pro. The model incorporated twin circular towers subjected to detailed seismic and dynamic wind analysis. The analysis results demonstrated high structural integrity and confirmed the stability of the design. The seismic evaluation confirmed a highly symmetrical and regular distribution of mass and stiffness, evidenced by an identical Base Shear (Vb) of 23024.88 kN in both the X and Z directions. The maximum vertical displacement of Skywalk in (Y-Translation) is -7.624 cm (76.25mm) at Node 8 and maximum Horizontal displacement (X-Translation) is -2.86445cm ie 28.6mm Node 33. In conclusion, the design is validated as safe and durable, demonstrating that the structural system, including the integrated skywalk, can efficiently withstand extreme environmental and gravitational loads.

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High Rise, G+20, STAAD Pro, Skywalk.

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Asthi Dhatu is one of the fundamental structural components of the human body described in Ayurveda and holds a pivotal role in maintaining bodily integrity and function. Among the seven Dhatus Rasa, Rakta, Mamsa, Meda, Asthi, Majja, and Shukra. Asthi Dhatu is the fifth and is primarily responsible for dharana, or providing support, stability, and shape to the body. Classical Ayurvedic texts, particularly Sushruta Samhita, describe Asthi as the hardest and most enduring tissue, persisting even after the decay of other bodily components and serving as the last physical identity of an individual after death. Etymological sources such as Shabda Kalpadruma and Amarakosha emphasize its hardness and load-bearing nature. Asthi Dhatu is considered a Pitruja Bhava, predominantly composed of Prithvi Mahabhuta, and is formed from the essence of Meda Dhatu through the action of Asthi Dhatu Agni. It provides nourishment to Majja Dhatu and serves as the primary site of Vata Dosha, with an inverse relationship existing between Vata aggravation and bone tissue integrity. The Asthi vaha Srotas plays a crucial role in the formation, nourishment, and maintenance of Asthi. Teeth (Danta) are described as the Upadhatu of Asthi, while Kesha(hair), Nakha (nails), and Loma (body hair) are considered its Malas, reflecting the systemic influence of bone health. This integrative review explores the classical descriptions of Asthi Dhatu, its Srotas, and related anatomical concepts such as Asthi Marma, alongside modern perspectives on osseous tissue. Clinical aspects including Asthi Kshaya, Asthi Vriddhi, Asthi Saushirya, and Asthi Pradoshaja Vikara are analyzed to highlight the relevance of Asthi Dhatu in contemporary Ayurvedic practice.

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Asthi Dhatu, AsthiVaha Srotas, Dhatu Agni, Asthi Pradoshaja Vikara.

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This study investigated the comparative effects of Cross Training (CT) and CrossFit Training (CFT) on speed and explosive power of university-level handball players. Thirty male players (aged 18-23 years) were randomly assigned to either the CT group (n = 15) or the CFT group (n = 15) for an 8-week training intervention. Pre- and post-test assessments included measurements of speed (30 m sprint) and explosive power (Sergeant Jump). Data were analyzed using paired t-tests, independent t-tests, and two-way mixed ANOVA. Both groups showed significant improvements (p < 0.05) in the tested variables; however, the CFT group demonstrated superior gains in speed and explosive power of university-level handball players. These findings indicate that CFT may be more effective than CT for enhancing the multidimensional performance qualities required in handball.

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Key words: Cross Training, CrossFit Training, Speed, Explosive power and Handball Players.

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Bureaucracy plays a central role in India's public policy process by acting as a crucial link between political decision-making and administrative execution. In a complex federal system, it ensures continuity, stability, and effective governance through its expertise, neutrality, and institutional capacity. This paper examines the significance and key characteristics of the Indian bureaucracy, such as division of labour, hierarchical structure, and a formal system of rules and regulations. The study highlights the role of bureaucracy in policy formulation, implementation, and analysis, emphasizing its contributions in policy advice, coordination, service delivery, monitoring, and evaluation. It argues that while bureaucracy remains the backbone of the public policy process in India, challenges like political interference and administrative rigidity affect its performance. The paper concludes by stressing the need for administrative reforms and greater accountability to enhance bureaucratic effectiveness and achieve sustainable policy outcomes.

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Characteristics of Bureaucracy, Role of Bureaucracy in Making Policy, Policy Implementation, Policy Analysis.

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This paper tries to explore how eco label awareness affect green purchase intention with the mediating role of environmental concern and moderating role of green skepticism. The study followed a quantitative research approach. Through structured online questionnaires, data was collected from 454 Gen Z Consumers using purposive sampling method. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS SEM) has been used for analysis. The results indicate that eco label awareness significantly contributes to environmental concern, leading to green purchase intention. Moreover, green skepticism moderates the relationship between eco label awareness and environmental concern. Policy makers, businesses and sustainable marketers can improve green purchase intention of consumers through eco label awareness. However, they should work on reducing green skepticism by providing strong proofs to boost the purchase intention of consumers. The research identifies the dual effect of environmental concern and green skepticism showing that both work together in opposite direction. This is an addition to previous literature by providing more realistic way of analysing the behavior of consumers in the area of sustainability.

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Eco label awareness, Green purchase intention, Environmental concern, Green skepticism, Gen Z Consumer, PLS SEM model

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Sleep deprivation is a common health problem among senior citizens, especially those residing in old age homes. Age-related physiological changes, chronic illnesses, psychological stress, loneliness, and environmental factors contribute significantly to poor sleep quality among the elderly. Sleep deprivation adversely affects physical health, emotional well-being, cognitive functioning, and quality of life. Psycho-education is a structured, non-pharmacological intervention that enhances knowledge, coping abilities, and healthy sleep behaviors. The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a psycho-education module on sleep deprivation among senior citizens residing in selected old age homes in Rajasthan. A quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental one-group pre-test post-test research design was adopted. The study was conducted among 300 senior citizens, selected using purposive sampling technique. Data were collected using a socio-demographic proforma and a standardized sleep deprivation assessment scale. The psycho-education module included information on sleep physiology, sleep hygiene practices, relaxation techniques, stress management, and lifestyle modification. The findings revealed a significant reduction in post-test sleep deprivation scores compared to pre-test scores (p < 0.001), indicating the effectiveness of the psycho-education module. Significant associations were found between post-test sleep deprivation scores and selected demographic variables such as age, presence of chronic illness, and duration of stay in old age homes. The study concludes that psycho-education is an effective, economical, and feasible intervention for improving sleep among senior citizens.

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Psycho-education, sleep deprivation, senior citizens, old age homes, geriatric nursing

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In industrial settings, gas leaks, equipment overheating, and unlawful access into prohibited zones may cause serious accidents, equipment damage, and human lifethreatening situations. Manual monitoring of these parameters slows response time. This work presents an IOT-based Industrial Anomaly Detection and Alert System for gas leakage detection and restricted area incursion monitoring to safeguard workers and equipment. It employs IR and gas sensors. To improve safety, Machine Learning can identify dangers and categorize alerts. Microcontroller-based ML concept checks sensor data that pass the threshold range and sends an SMS to the authorized individual.Workers and equipment are protected by this system's swift response to risks. Cloud storage secures real-time sensor data from Arduino devices in industrial IoT safety solutions. It enables machine learning algorithms to easily assess and forecast gas leaks and overheating using three parameter measurement levels. Data centralization lets organizations monitor worker and equipment safety from anywhere.Integrating GPS tracking to monitor restricted areas in real time improves worker safety.

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IoT Integration with Microcontrollers, Machine Learning-Based Risk Prediction, Cloud storage.

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The rapid expansion of digital payment systems in India has positioned the Unified Payments Interface (UPI) as a key driver of financial inclusion. However, a considerable number of small street-side Nano business owners continue to rely on cash transactions. This study investigates the internal barriers that hinder UPI adoption among small business owners in Mysore, with specific emphasis on gender, awareness, perception, and attitude. Primary data were collected from 52 Nano vendors who had not adopted UPI, using structured questionnaires. Statistical tools such as descriptive analysis, chi-square tests, and regression analysis were employed to examine the relationships between selected variables. The findings reveal that awareness and attitude significantly influence the barriers to UPI adoption, indicating that limited knowledge and unfavorable mindsets play a decisive role in resistance toward digital payments. While gender does not significantly affect awareness levels, it shows a meaningful association with perception and attitude toward UPI usage. Practical challenges such as limited digital literacy, fear of fraud, lack of smart phones, and financial constraints further intensify non-adoption. The study highlights the need for targeted awareness programs, user-friendly technological solutions, and confidence-building initiatives to promote UPI usage among Nano vendors. Strengthening these areas can enhance digital payment adoption and contribute to inclusive economic participation.

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Unified Payments Interface (UPI), Nano Vendors, Digital Payment Barriers, Awareness and Attitude, Financial Inclusion

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Garbha Sharir, the Ayurvedic science of embryology, offers profound insights into human development by integrating spiritual philosophy with biological principles. Foundational texts such as Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, and Kashyapa Samhita describe the embryo as a union of Shukra (sperm), Artava (ovum), Atma (soul), and Panchamahabhuta, where each Mahabhuta plays a distinct role in shaping tissues and organs. Modern embryology, however, explains this journey through fertilization, cleavage, blastocyst formation, gastrulation, germ layer differentiation, and organogenesis at cellular and molecular levels. This paper undertakes a thematic review of classical Ayurvedic sources alongside contemporary embryological research to map these two worldviews. The findings reveal striking correlations--Akasha with cellular spaces and cavities, Vayu with movement and cleavage, Agni with metabolic and transformative processes, Jala with fluid balance and blastocyst formation, and Prithvi with structural stability of tissues. Moreover, Ayurveda's emphasis on Garbha Sanskar and maternal influence parallels modern studies on epigenetics, prenatal environment, and maternal psychology. By bridging Panchamahabhuta with modern embryogenesis, this study presents a holistic framework that not only deepens academic understanding but also highlights the relevance of Ayurveda in advancing interdisciplinary education, prenatal care, and integrative research.

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GARBHA SHARIR, AYURVEDA, EMBRYOLOGY, PANCHAMAHABHUTA, PRENATAL CARE

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Abstract Sleep disturbances are common among senior citizens and significantly affect their physical, psychological, and social well-being. Elderly individuals residing in old age homes are at increased risk of poor sleep quality due to age-related changes, chronic illnesses, environmental factors, and emotional stress. Sleep hygiene education is a simple, non-pharmacological intervention that promotes healthy sleep behaviors and improves sleep quality. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of sleep hygiene education on sleep quality among senior citizens residing in selected old age homes of Rajasthan. A quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental one-group pre-test post-test research design was adopted. A total of 100 senior citizens were selected using purposive sampling technique. Data were collected using a socio-demographic questionnaire and a standardized sleep quality assessment scale. Sleep hygiene education included information on sleep routines, environmental modifications, relaxation practices, and lifestyle changes. Post-test assessment was conducted on the 7th day after the intervention. The findings revealed a significant improvement in post-test sleep quality scores compared to pre-test scores (p < 0.001), indicating the effectiveness of sleep hygiene education. The study concludes that sleep hygiene education is a safe, cost-effective, and feasible nursing intervention to enhance sleep quality among senior citizens in institutional settings.

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Sleep hygiene, sleep quality, senior citizens, old age homes, nursing intervention

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: This paper presents a post-treatment geotechnical evaluation of coastal soil improved using lime grouting. After grouting, Standard Penetration Tests (SPT) and grain size analysis were conducted to assess soil strength. The results indicate improved bearing capacity and stability, confirming the effectiveness of lime grouting.

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: Coastal Soil, Lime Grouting, SPT, Ground Improvement, Bearing Capacity

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