Volume 13 | Issue 1

 Abstract

Film has changed history repeatedly. The best films encourage us to think about how we can improve our lives and society. Movies have always been an effective way to reflect the world around us. A meaning cannot be communicated without language, if one cannot express it in a language that other people can understand. The existence of new views that produce new meanings, is also the result of the growth of the construction of human thought, through the representation of meaning produced and constructed. Semiotic analysis is one such method to analyze the movies. semiotic theories take signs or sign systems as their object of study; applied semiotics analyzes cultures and cultural artifacts according to the ways they construct meaning through their being signs. This research uses qualitative methodology to semiotically analyze the movie Great Indian Kitchen using Roland Barthe's code. Using signifiers, signified, connotative sign, denotative sign, pragmatics, syntax this study analyzes the representation of men and women in the movie. The study clearly points out the differences in the way a typical pious family treats a man and woman in the family. The way the protagonist gets treated in the movie is semiotically represented at various point of time. These semiotic details when related with the dialogs in the movie delivers a subtle meaning but a strong message to the audience. The study has analyzed the intricate details represented between shots and has given evidence on the semiotic details detailed in the movie The Great Indian Kitchen.

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Lung cancer detection from medicinal imaging often faces challenges due to noise in CT and PET/CT scans. This paper suggests a noise removal system employing three filtering approaches: Gaussian, Bilateral Filter, and Adaptive Gaussian-Bilateral Filter (AGBF). Each technique is assessed based on performance metrics including NRMSE, UIQI, andFSIM to determine their efficiency in noise reduction while preserving critical image particulars. The Lung-PET-CT-Dx dataset was used to test the suggested filters, and the outcomes show that AGBF consistently outperformed the other filters in all forms. AGBFproduced the lowest NRMSE, highest UIQI, and FSIM, demonstrating its superior capability to decrease noise and preserve structural integrity in lung images. This system provides significant advancements for lung cancer diagnosis by refining the quality of medical images, making it easier for healthcare professionals to detect subtle lesions and irregularities. The recommended method offers a reliable solution for automated image enhancement in medical settings.

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Lung Cancer, Detection, Filters, Performance Metrics, Lung Images, Medical Images

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The construction industry often grapples with challenges such as fluctuating material prices, inaccurate delivery estimations, and inefficient labour management, leading to increased project costs, delays, and poor resource allocation. This paper proposes a comprehensive system to streamline construction material management, estimate delivery timelines and costs, and optimize labour utilization. The system integrates real-time data analytics, price comparison tools, automated delivery estimations, and labour scheduling functionalities to enhance overall project efficiency. The material management module allows contractors to track real-time prices of construction materials from multiple suppliers, enabling informed purchasing decisions and effective budget planning. Additionally, the delivery estimation feature optimizes logistics by providing accurate schedules and cost projections based on parameters such as distance, material type, and quantity. Furthermore, the system incorporates a job portal for gig-based labour hiring, facilitating seamless workforce management. By serving as a multi-purpose platform, this solution ensures transparency in material procurement, cost efficiency, and improved labour management, thereby addressing key inefficiencies in the construction sector.

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Online Shopping Platform, Customer Convenience, Job Offerings

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Public welfare expenditures often possess some kind of social impact. For a variety of reasons, but not all such expenditures succeed. Social problems such as poverty, unemployment, recidivism and other such related issues. In the present era, the emphasis is more on the environmental issues as it is influencing the living conditions of people and challenging their existence. Environmental problems are to be given due attention to bring back normalcy in the nature for the mankind to survive. The problems of environment are to be discussed in the light of financial assistance, support from the Government and other funding agencies. Furthermore, social impact investing opens up the world of social impact to private investors as well as other funders. These offer prospects for social enterprises and civil society organizations to become more significant part of delivery system. As a part of such funding is termed as "Social Impact Bonds'(SIBs). It is a contract with the public sector or Government authorities, where by it pays for better social outcomes in certain areas and passes on part of its savings achieved to investors". In this context, this paper set outs to explore the current state of Social Impact Bonds and how they are scaling up social innovations and addressing the social problems such as environmental degradation, its protection and remedies to overcome the threat from nature. The study focuses on primary as well as secondary data for analyzing the role of SIBs.

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Public Welfare, Recidivism, Civil Society, Savings and Social Impact Bonds.

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The objective of this research is to study the attitude of B.El.Ed. trainees towards the internship programme. Internship is an important medium of providing hands-on experience in teaching, which gives trainee teachers an opportunity to develop their teaching skills and practice them in real situations. It has been found from various studies under literature review that internships play an important role in strengthening the confidence, communication ability and teaching skills of teachers. As such, Rothman (2007) found that trainees' communicative abilities improved after the internship. While Herzert (2009) highlighted the importance of internships in vocational education, Rastogi and Goyal (2010) noted that an internship programme helps teachers develop a positive attitude towards teaching. Other researches, such as Dawood (2012) Yang (2014) Jogan (2019) Gupta (2020) Dahri (2021) Rufai (2021) and Chary (2022) have also underlined the positive effects of internships. As many as 240 B.Ed. trainees were selected for the study, in which it was found that 86.66% of the trainees have a positive attitude towards internships, while 13.33% of the trainees have a moderate attitude. No trainee has a negative attitude towards internship. Thus, the study concludes that internship in B.El.Ed. course is proving to be highly helpful in the professional development of trainees and is positively impacting their outlook.

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Keyword - Attitude, B.El.Ed., Trainees, Internship programme.

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Abstract: Entrepreneurship refers to the activity of establishing a business and taking financial risks aiming at earning profits. It includes the planning, initiating, and managing of a new company. Generally these businesses are small in size and initialization. The main objective is the need for improving solid waste management in India, entrepreneurship models in solid waste management and entrepreneurship in organic components of solid waste management. The study concluded that solid waste management is one of the most essential services required for ensuring a safer environment, better quality of life and better standards of health, hygiene and sanitation. Entrepreneurship in this area is required to adopt new, innovative and efficient systems to effectively manage solid waste.

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Keywords: Entrepreneurship, solid waste management, environment, health, hygiene, innovative.

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Addressing unavailable data is essential in research to ensure reliable findings. Missing data can introduce bias and undermine validity, arising from participant non-response, measurement errors, or research design flaws. Ignoring or mishandling it leads to poor estimates and inaccurate results. Three main strategies exist removal, imputation, and modelling. Removal discards incomplete cases but can reduce sample size. Imputation replaces missing values with estimates to maintain data integrity. Modelling uses advanced statistical techniques to address uncertainty. The preference of a technique relies on the dataset and the type of missing data.

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Missing data, Data analysis challenges, Missing data imputation, Data Iintegrity.

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A generative adversarial network (GAN) is a class of machine learning frameworks and a prominent framework for approaching generative artificial intelligence.The concept was initially developed by Ian Goodfellow and his colleagues in June 2014.Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have significantly impacted the field of artificial intelligence, showcasing their ability to generate realistic images by learning from real-world data distributions and effectively capturing complex patterns. However, their potential extends far beyond image generation. GANs are now being leveraged in diverse domains such as audio synthesis, natural language processing, drug discovery, and financial modeling. This seminar report explores the extended capabilities of GANs, focusing on their design, implementation, and applications in non-image domains.

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Keywords: Generative Adversarial Networks, Non-image Applications, Audio Synthesis, Natural Language Processing, Drug Discovery, Financial Modeling

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Abstract - The herbal wordings are further taken because they affirm that they're more trustable than synthetic. This examination paper aims to provide a safe and effective natural polyherbal toothpaste that has the fewest to no side effects from the natural origin of sodium isethionate from coconut fruits. These formulations contain various herbs such as clove, neem, and acacia derived from natural sources that have multiple medicinal benefits like reducing dental plaque, gingivitis, tooth decay, cavities, gum diseases, and mouth ulcers. The good foaming ability of this toothpaste gives it optimum cleaning efficiency. The surfactant is derived from the cocos nucifera well-known as coconut. The preventive agent present in this formulation has a beneficial impact on maintaining oral hygiene. The laboratory toothpaste was evaluated for its organoleptic, stability-based, and quality standards to formulate a good quality product such as PH, and spreadability, homogeneity, stability, foaming ability. Extrutabilitty. Moisture content, inertness. In vitro, studies are carried out to check the antimicrobial or antibacterial potential against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial cultures. Upon formulation brownish aromatic toothpaste was obtained with have wise zone of inhibitions against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The sodium isethionate was successfully added to the toothpaste formulation to enhance clinging efficiency and reduce dental disease with minimum to no side effects. Keywords: - Polyherbal, Toothpaste, Organoleptic, sodium isethionate, antimicrobial

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Polyherbal, Toothpaste, Organoleptic, sodium isethionate, antimicrobial

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It aims to provide a smart helmet that will give a systems and devices capable of accident detection and notification. It uses a sensor; and cloud computing infrastructures for building the system. The accident detection system outputs the accelerometer values to the processor which is constantly on the lookout for erratic changes. When the emergency occurs, the vehicle location is obtained by making use of the global positioning system. The system promises a reliable and quick delivery of information relating to the accident in real time and updated to cloud which are accessed by IOT. Thus, by making use of the ubiquitous connectivity which is a salient feature for the smart cities, a smart helmet for accident detection is built.

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IoT,Helmet

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Sentiment analysis, a critical task in natural language processing, has advanced significantly with the integration of deep learning and multi-modal approaches. This survey explores the evolving landscape of multi-modal sentiment analysis, which combines text, audio, visual, and contextual data for richer emotional understanding. We analyze key deep learning architectures, including transformers, convolutional neural networks, and recurrent models, highlighting their roles in handling diverse modalities. Challenges such as modality fusion, data alignment, and scalability are discussed, along with potential solutions. Furthermore, the paper reviews prominent datasets and applications across domains like social media, healthcare, and entertainment. Future research directions are proposed to enhance multi-modal sentiment analysis performance.

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Sentiment Analysis, Deep Learning, Natural Language Processing (NLP), Multi Modal, Text Classification

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For fuel cell vehicles, the DC-DC converter should have high efficiency, low voltage stress, small size, and high gain. Conventional two-, three-, and cascading boost converters, how ever, are unable to satisfy the specifications. The innovative non isolated DC-DC converter with switched-inductor and switched capacitor that is proposed in this study can achieve low voltage stresses across components, high gain, wide input voltage range, and common ground structure. This study analyzes the design of the component characteristics, the operating principle, and the comparisons with other high-gain converters. Lastly, findings from experiments and simulations confirm that the suggested topology works.MATLAB/SIMULINK is used to carry out the simulation. The experimental voltage input prototype has a voltage range of 25-80V. There is a 200V rated output voltage and a 100W rated power. The highest level of effeciency is 95% com pleted by using the pulse produced by the TMS320F28027F mi crocontroller with a TLP250H-constituted interface circuit.This converter can be used with fuel cell automobiles.

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Boost Converter, Gain, Efficiency

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In the age of globalization, businesses are increasingly expanding beyond their domestic borders to tap into international markets. However, successful market penetration requires a deep understanding of diverse consumer preferences shaped by cultural, social, and environmental factors. Cross-cultural marketing focuses on adapting marketing strategies to resonate with consumers in different regions, taking into account local values, traditions, and behaviors. This approach goes beyond simple translation, requiring businesses to tailor product offerings, messaging, communication styles, and branding to meet the unique needs of each market. By exploring the principles of cross-cultural marketing, this paper examines how businesses can effectively navigate the challenges of global consumer preferences. It highlights the importance of cultural sensitivity, local market research, and flexibility in strategy design. Through case studies and examples, the paper demonstrates how culturally adapted marketing efforts can lead to stronger consumer engagement, brand loyalty, and sustainable success in diverse international markets.

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Globalization, Localization, Consumer Behavior, Hofstede's Model, Cultural Adaptation, Market Segmentation, Brand Messaging, Cross-Border Marketing, Intercultural Competence

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There is no pulsation in the converter's input cur rent, and the inductor's current is low. The continuous conduction mode (CCM) converter's mathematical model and operating principle are described. Power loss and steady-state performance analyses are carried out for the converter. The converter's small signal model is then obtained employing the state space averaging technique. The efficiency of the recommended converter can be raised by its low inductor current and voltage stress. As far as voltage gain requirements are concerned, the quadratic boost converter finds greater application than the boost converters. Using a conventional quadratic boost converter operating at a duty ratio to achieve high gain results in high efficiency and reduces voltage stress. Reduced voltage stress across the switches is achieved by modifying this structure by adding a switched inductor. MATLAB/SIMULINK R2020b is used to simulate the converter and produce the results. The presented circuit simulations and experiments validate the converter's good performance. A TMS320F28027F microcontroller is used to perform the hardware prototype, which has a 2V input and produces an output of 6.6V.

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Boost Converter, Gain, Efficiency.

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Following the unexplained death of its leader while in police detention, the violently ideological Islamic extremist group Boko Haram took up arms in the northeastern Nigerian states of Borno, Yobe, and Adamawa in 2009. Widespread deaths, property destruction, and civilian displacement have marked the 15-year battle. Kidnappings, armed herdsmen, Niger Delta militants, renegade bandits, and armed separatists all commit acts of terror that exacerbate this. The insurgency and other violent acts have not been put an end to by the Nigerian military or its affiliated militia, the Civilian Joint Task Force. Due to the ineffectiveness of the security agencies, rebels, and terrorists killed roughly 5,801 Nigerians in the first seven months of 2024 and kidnapped 4,348 more across the country. As is the case in other nations, this has led to calls for the involvement of private military contractors to assist put a stop to the violence. The military has rejected the notion of foreign contractors getting involved, insisting that the armed forces can complete the task if provided with the necessary equipment. The lengthy cycle of violence, the ineffectiveness of Nigerian security personnel, and the controversy surrounding the use of foreign contractors are all examined in this essay. The study uncovers a weakness in the state security agencies brought on by dishonesty and a lack of responsibility. It advises Nigeria to accept foreign aid to improve the military's capabilities, particularly concerning the application of advanced machinery and technology. It is also suggested that the administration negotiate with the main players to end the violence.

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Boko Haram, insurgency, violence, Nigeria, private military contractors.

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The rapid growth of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has transformed communication and information sharing across the globe. However, this digital revolution brings with it significant challenges to child safety, especially with the increasing internet usage among children and adolescents. This study critically examines the risks that children face in the digital world, focusing on the role of cybersecurity and the effectiveness of legal frameworks aimed at protecting them. Specific areas of concern include harmful online content, cyber threats like cyberbullying and grooming, children's digital rights, and the psychological and behavioural impacts of extensive internet use. This paper also explores the role of parents, educators, and government initiatives in India aimed at safeguarding children in the digital environment.

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Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Child Rights, Digital Rights, Cybersecurity, Cyberbullying, Online Grooming, Child Protection, Harmful Online Content, Psychological Impact, Behavioral Impact, Parental Control, Digital Literacy, Data Privacy, Digital Platforms, Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act, Information Technology (IT) Act, Digital Personal Data Protection Act, Cybercrime, Internet Safety.

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Social exclusion means excluding a section of people from the social system, where the particular section's rights and privileges are refused, forcing them to face poverty, deprivation and hardship. Social exclusion refers to the way in which individuals are being cut off from their full involvement larger society. A sample of 452 Dalit women in 18- 45 years is selected randomly in 10 villages of five Districts out of 9 Districts in Southern Districts of Tamil Nadu. The employment opportunity is more for husbands compared to female respondents. The standard of living seems to be at low level for 14.6 percent of families, medium level for majority of family in 74.6 percent and 10.8 percent of families at high level of standard of living. More problems are faced by the respondents while practicing the human rights equality and discrimination on ground of caste and knowing the human rights and practicing them is limited and there is a long way to improve them Scheduled Caste women. The other category variables of significant variable which is more likely to know the human rights can be promoted to influence its effect on knowledge of human rights.

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Human rights, Exclusion, discrimination, Dalits, Scheduled Caste women.

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Abstract: Children with special needs face a complex array of healthcare challenges that require comprehensive, integrative care approaches. This study aims to explore the multifaceted challenges faced by these children and evaluate the effectiveness of tailored integrative healthcare models. This cross-sectional qualitative analysis was conducted at the Department of Education, Badami Block. The study involved detailed surveys with 20 teachers and engaging discussions with 24 students, aiming to unravel the intricacies of providing holistic care to this vulnerable population. The investigation identified pivotal concerns, including the prevalence of behavioral issues, particularly in autistic children, who often exhibit aggressive and self-injurious behaviors. The study also explored the struggles encountered by hearing-impaired students in communication and learning, as well as the susceptibility of these children to frequent infections due to immune system dysfunction. The research emphasizes the indispensable role of early detection and intervention in mitigating health risks. It also outlines the significance of specialized supplements, medications, and rigorous oral hygiene practices in maintaining the overall well-being of these children. Furthermore, the study advocates for equitable healthcare solutions, highlighting the critical impact of socioeconomic factors on healthcare access. The study explores the transformative potential of technology, including telehealth and assistive devices, in overcoming barriers to healthcare and education. This study advocates for a comprehensive, integrative care approach that encompasses medical, educational, social, and psychological services. It underscores the necessity of collaborative efforts among healthcare providers, educators, and families to significantly enhance the quality of life and well-being of children with special needs.

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Keywords: Integrative Healthcare, Children with Special Needs, Behavioral Issues, Hearing Impairment, Immune System Dysfunction, Assistive Devices, Collaborative Care

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This paper examined the trends in public and private expenditure on education in India since 1991-92 to 2022-23. Data on education includes spending by the education department and all other departments on programs and activities connected to education and training is the basis for the analysis. The data was gathered by the Ministry of Education, GoI. Data on private spending on education is based on the National Accounts and Statistics (NAS) data. Private spending on education is increasing more quickly than public spending. Such a massive increase (in current prices) in public and private education spending may have been caused in part by inflationary economic trends, but it must be primarily attributed to the nation's growing educational system in terms of the number of educational institutions and enrollment in both public and private sector institutions.

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A Study on Education Expenditure in India: Since 1991-92 to 2022-23

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