Volume 12 | Issue 1

 Abstract

Background: Atypical eating disorders are defined as disordered eating patterns that do not meet the criteria for particular disorders such as anorexia or bulimia but still have a substantial impact on an individual's relationship with food, body image, and mental well-being. It refers to a wide range of disordered eating behaviours and attitudes that may not meet standard diagnostic criteria but can nevertheless have substantial medical and psychological implications. Objectives of the study: Compiling and analysing classical as well as modern reference about OSFED with eating disorders with special reference to chittodvega. To evaluate the effect of Ashwagandha churna (capsules) in management of atypical eating disorder in exam attending students with respect to chittodvega. To access the quality of life in students group after medication. Methodology: Interventional non-randomized open labelled single group study with pre-test and post-test design. A minimum of 20 exam attending students diagnosed with atypical eating disorder and anxiety are selected from Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara Ayurveda Hospital, Kuthpady, Udupi (SDMCAU), hostel and near locality. Recruited subjects were treated with oral administration of Ashwagandha churna (capsules) 2 capsules twice a day after food. This medication is continued for 4 weeks. Assessment of frequency of eating and anxiety are assessed with self prepared validated scale and Hamilton anxiety rating scale before and after treatment on zeroth, 28th, and 56th, day and statistical analysing before and treatment is done by using paired t test and Wilcoxon signed -rank test. Results: The study showed remarkable and statistically significant results. Conclusion: Study showed had a positive outcome and can be recommended in patients suffering from chittodvega.

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Keywords: OSFED, Chittodvega, Ashwagandha, Hamilton-anxiety rating scale, WHO-quality of life rating scale, Atypical eating disorder.

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Wireless power transfer (WPT) stands as a cutting-edge technology facilitating electricity transmission across distances sans physical contact. It presents substantial advantages for modern automation systems, medical applications, consumer electronics, and more. This comprehensive review delves into existing compensation topologies specifically designed for the loosely coupled transformer. It meticulously evaluates these topologies based on their fundamental and advanced functions. This paper scrutinizes individual passive resonant networks deployed to maintain a constant (load-independent) voltage or current output, providing a detailed analysis and summarization. Furthermore, it showcases popular compensation topologies in WPT as practical examples, showcasing how they amalgamate multiple blocks of resonant networks. The study also includes analyses concerning input zero phase angle (ZPA) and soft-switching. This paper focuses into the discussion of compensation requisites essential for achieving maximum efficiency across diverse WPT application areas. It explores how various application contexts necessitate distinct compensation strategies to optimize efficiency

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Wireless power transfer, Softswitching.

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Equation constituting the Beal conjecture is rearranged and squared, then rearranged again and raised to power k>2. The result, standing as an equivalent having the same property, is emerging as a singular primitive Pythagorean equation with no solution. So, the conjecture is proved. General line of proving the Pythagorean equation is observed as a moving spirit.

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Proof of Beal's Conjecture

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Henry Valentine Miller, popularly known as Henry Miller is a modern American novelist who was famous for his autobiographical expression of sexuality in his novels. Miller presents sexuality from various angles. He is one of the exceptional writers who presents himself as a sexual hero and narrates his own sexual encounters. In Quiet Days in Clichy, Miller presents his sexual encounters during his probation days in a metropolis of Paris in early 1930s. Miller's presentation of capitalistic and commercial impact of sexuality in the novella are quite significant as he is presenting himself as pornographic hero of the text. Also, presentation of sexual fantasies and their encounter with reality focuses on the contemporary urban and commercial sexualities. Miller is bold enough to present unconventional sexuality in his novella. The novella is significant on the background of twentieth century European metropolis and cultural, social and psychological aspect of the contemporary Europe.

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Henry Miller, sexuality, Paris, pornography, capitalism, commodification, culture and whores

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The topical drug delivery system uses the ophthalmic, cutaneous, vaginal, and rectal channels to administer the medication locally in the body. Topical formulations are primarily utilized for dermatological or cosmetic purposes in skin diseases. Osteoarthritis, both acute and chronic pain, migration, suffering, colic, and other ailments and injuries are all treated with emulgel. The systemic inflammatory response syndrome may be treated with the medication. The physico-chemical qualities of the topical medication preparation might be designed as solid, semisolid, or liquid. They are also referred to as hydrophobic medicines. Emulgel is the term for the combination of gel and emulsion. An emulsion is gelled by combining it with a gelling agent, which is called emulgel. The prepared emulgel was tested for a number of parameters, including pH, viscosity, spreadability, globule size, greaselessness, and shelf life. Emulgels are utilized in a variety of analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, and anti-acne medication delivery systems.

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Topical Drug Delivery, Emulsion, Emulgel, Gel, Gelling agent, Penetration Enhancer etc.

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This research introduces a groundbreaking approach in dermatological treatment, focusing on the development of a Microsponges-loaded topical hydrogel for the effective management of plaque psoriasis. The study underscores the advantages of transdermal drug delivery, emphasizing the convenience, increased patient compliance, and localized therapeutic effects offered by topical applications. Microsponges, characterized by their porous microspheres, play a pivotal role in controlling drug release, enhancing stability, and reducing side effects. The versatility of Microsponges in encapsulating various active ingredients, such as anti-inflammatory agents and essential oils, makes them a promising candidate for dermatological applications. The article explores the pathophysiology of psoriasis, detailing its autoimmune and T cell-mediated nature, affecting approximately 125 million people worldwide. Plaque psoriasis, the most common type, is characterized by dry, itchy, raised patches on the skin. The proposed Microsponges-loaded hydrogel aims to address the limitations of current treatments by extending the contact time of active ingredients on the skin, minimizing systemic absorption, and optimizing therapeutic outcomes. Furthermore, the research incorporates hydrogel technology, known for its three-dimensional structure and water-holding capacity. This integration enhances the overall formulation by providing controlled drug release, improved stability, and ease of application. The article discusses the advantages and disadvantages of hydrogels, emphasizing their biocompatibility, flexibility, and potential for modification. In vitro release studies using a Franz diffusion cell and stability evaluations following ICH specifications provide insights into the performance and longevity of the proposed formulation. The study concludes that the microsponge-loaded topical hydrogel offers a promising avenue for psoriasis treatment, potentially revolutionizing current therapeutic strategies. This innovative approach not only addresses the challenges associated with conventional treatments but also provides a foundation for further research in transdermal drug delivery and dermatological applications.

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Novel drug delivery system, Topical drug delivery system, Microsponges, Psoriasis, Hydrogel.

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Acyclovir, an acyclic purine nucleoside analog, is a highly potent inhibitor of herpes simplex virus (HSV), types 1 and 2, and varicella zoster virus, and has extremely low toxicity for the normal host cells. This selectivity is due to the ability of these viruses to code for a viral thymidine kinase capable of phosphorylating acyclovir to a monophosphate; this capability is essentially absent in uninfected cells. The acyclovir monophosphate (acyclo-GMP) is subsequently converted to acyclovir triphosphate (acyclo-GTP) by cellular enzymes. Acyclo-GTP persists in HSV-infected cells for many hours after acyclovir is removed from the medium. The amounts of acyclo-GTP formed in HSV-infected cells are 40 to 100 times greater than in uninfected Vero cells. Acyclo-GTP acts as a more potent inhibitor of the viral DNA polymerases than of the cellular polymerases. The DNA polymerases of HSV-1 and HSV-2 also use acyclo-GTP as a substrate and incorporate acycto-GMP into the DNA primer-template to a much greater extent than do the cellular enzymes, the viral DNA polymerase binds strongly to the acyclo-GMP-terminated template, and is thereby inactivated

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Acyclovir, Pharmacokinetic Studies, Liposomes, Niosomes, Ethosomes

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Bilayer tablet represents new era for the successful development of controlled release formulation along with various features to produce of the successful drug delivery system. According to the literature review of the past decade, bilayer tablets have been developed to achieve sequential release of two drugs in which one layer is immediate release layer and the second layer as sustained release layer. Bilayer tablets can be a primary option to avoid chemical incompatibilities between api by physical separation, and to enable the development of different drug release profiles like the immediate release with extended release. Bilayer tablet is suitable for sequential release of two drugs in combination or to incorporate two incompatible substances in same tablet. Bilayer tablet have improved beneficial technology to overcome the problems of the single layered tablets. Productions of quality bilayer tablets needs to be carried out and to reduce the common bilayer problems, such as layer-separation, insufficient hardness, Inaccurate individual layer weight control, cross- contamination between the layers, Therefore, now a day's bilayer tablet have been developed for combination therapy for treatment of various diseases such as anti-inflammatory, anti- hypertension, anti-diabetic and analgesic. And also disorder requiring long term therapy such as hypertension diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritics. . The primary objective of bilayer tablet is sustained release drug delivery is to improve the oral therapeutic efficacy with optimal control of plasma drug level and also improve its bioavailability which in turn improve the patient compliance and convenience. . The present article explains introduction to bilayer tablets, Advantages, technology challenges in bilayer tablet manufacturing, various tablet presses used, quality and GMP requirements for their manufacturing various techniques used for bilayer tableting and recent advancement in the field of bilayer technology.

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Bilayer tablet for sustained drug delivery system, GMP requirement, Need of bilayer tablets, Novel drug delivery system, Formulation and Evaluation of bilayer tablets, Bilayer tablet press, Technologies of bilayer tablets Duros technology ,Oros Push Pull Technology.

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Wellbeing might be characterized as the capacity to adjust and oversee physical, mental and social difficulties over the course of life. Ayurveda is an old study of existence with pack of information which plans to advance wellbeing, to protect wellbeing, to reestablish wellbeing when it is disabled and to limit the misery and pain which is brought by levelling Dosha, Dhatu and Mala in the body. Ayurveda has given a significant spot to Kala, in light of the fact that the presence and the obliteration relies on the Kala. Thus, The idea of Kriyakala is viewed as most extreme significance in setting to accomplish the objective of Ayurveda which alludes to the acknowledgment of the phases of a disease's progress, which assists with deciding fitting measure to address the irregularity in Doshas. A reasonable comprehension about the phases of Kriyakala is a fundamental variable for early conclusion, visualization and for embracing proper forestalling and corrective measures in order to forestall the further foundation of an illness and subsequently forestalling the confusions related with it which has been underlined. The term Kriya kala alludes to the acknowledgment of the phase of an illness' Advancement. This idea is for the most part contrasted and illness Pathogenesis. kriyakala implies the hour of treatment or capture attempt during the time spent illness manifestation. Acharya Susrutha has described detail thought of Shatkriyakala in 21st section of Sutrasthana. Shatkriyakala incorporate six phases viz Sanchaya, Prakopa, Prasara, Sthansamshraya, Vyaktavastha and Bhedavastha. That implies 6 (the number Six). Kriya implies Activity or treatment. Kala implies Time or period. So Shatkriyakala signifies 'Suitable time spans to make a move/treatment. The Prayojana of Ayurveda is of two kinds, Maintenance of wellbeing a solid Individual, by taking on the Ritucharya, Dincharya and Sadvritta and relieving of an infection of sick Individual, by embracing therapeutic measures. Prior to Concentrating on the Obsessive states of the body, a doctor needs to initially concentrate on the mysterious capability and designs of the body on the fundamental of dosa, dushya and Srotas. Around then kriya Kala assists the specialist with taking on line of treatment by Seeing the vitiated dosha condition by his keenness and information. Since Ayurveda is the study of life, it weighs on the conservation of strength of solid individuals and to fix the infection of the unhealthy. The term Kriya in Ayurvedic arrangement of medication shows Vikrita Kriya ie. strange exercises of doshas. The series of vikrita kriya which progressively foster in various timeframes is shown by the term Kriyakala. In Ayurvedic framework, the word Kriya additionally implies Chikitsa karma ie. the treatment. Kriyakala is useful in understanding the various phases of doshas after doshavaisamya till the presence of a specific sickness. Each phase of the Kriyakala gives the extent of a method for halting or to invert the further advancement of the illness cycle. Treatment of an illness is simpler and achievement rate is more in the event that the sickness is analysed in its earliest conceivable stage. In this way, the information on Kriyakala is useful for both the finding and treatment of sicknesses. In the current review an attempt is made to give a concise idea of kriyakalas accessible in the ayurvedic works of art and to apply this information for the reason to check the sickness sign cycle in its earliest conceivable stage making the subject mindful or cognizant pretty much every one of the moment changes occurring in his body. For compelling administration purposes, one need to know pathogenesis (Samprapti) of illness and Pooed Kriyakala as an instrument for it. The information on Pooped Kriyakala is useful for getting the information on Sadhya Asadhyatava of infection and plans the legitimate treatment.

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Shatkriyakala, Kriya Vikrita, Dhatu, Health, Ayurveda, Asadhyatava, Kriyakala.

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Gender equality, international law, gender discrimination, legislative remedies

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Twin-to-twin transfusion (TTTS) in early pregnancy is associated with significant maternal death rate and illness rate. TTTS is a extreme situation affecting 10% to fifteen% of twins with identical twins who share a placenta (monochorionic) but each have their own inner sac (diamniotic). Invention of unbalanced connective tissue of the placenta inside the shared movement has been implicated in its development. The shipping of TTTS varies extensively, and does not continually proceed as predicted. Consequently, Monochronionic twin pregnancies need to be monitored to discover TTTS symptoms with serial sonograms beginning in the 2nd trimester. Early TTTS may be controlled as it should be. But, without intervention, newly evolved TTTS is associated with a higher charge of start defects and the chance of severe emotional incapacity amongst survivors.

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twins to twins pregnancy, TTTS, Trimester

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The Khasi-Jaintia society, indigenous to the northeastern region of India, has a rich historical background that shaped its social structure over time. This abstract aims to provide an overview of the origin and growth of the social structure of the Khasi-Jaintia society, with a specific focus on the urbanization of Shillong, the capital city of Meghalaya state. The Khasi-Jaintia society traces its origins back to ancient times when these tribes inhabited the hills and valleys of the region. Historically, the society followed a matrilineal system where descent and inheritance were traced through the female line. This unique social structure influenced various aspects of their community life, including kinship ties, landownership patterns, and political organization. As British colonial rule spread across India, the Khasi-Jaintia Hills came under British administration, and Shillong emerged as an important administrative and commercial center. With the establishment of the British Raj, the colonial administration introduced urbanization policies that transformed Shillong into a thriving urban hub. This urbanization process brought about significant changes in the social fabric of the Khasi-Jaintia society. The influx of people from different parts of India and the world into Shillong led to increased cultural diversity and interactions. The rapid urban growth and economic opportunities attracted migrants, resulting in the emergence of a multicultural society in Shillong. However, the Khasi-Jaintia society retained its distinctive social structure amidst these changes, adapting to the evolving urban environment while preserving their unique customs and traditions. The urbanization of Shillong also brought about socio-economic disparities, as the city became a symbol of privilege and economic prosperity. While some segments of the Khasi-Jaintia society benefited from the urbanization process, others faced challenges such as land encroachment, marginalization, and changes in traditional occupations. This led to social tensions and the need for adaptations within the community to address these issues. In recent decades, Shillong has witnessed further urban development, including the expansion of educational institutions, government offices, and the growth of the service sector. These changes have continued to shape the social structure of the Khasi-Jaintia society, with increased opportunities for education, employment, and social mobility. In conclusion, the origin and growth of the social structure of the Khasi-Jaintia society can be understood in the context of the urbanization of Shillong. While the city's transformation brought both opportunities and challenges, the Khasi-Jaintia society has demonstrated resilience in preserving its distinct social structure while adapting to the changing urban environment. The dynamics of urbanization continue to shape the social fabric of the Khasi-Jaintia society, making it a fascinating area of study for understanding the interplay between tradition and modernity.

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Khasi-Jaintia, Shillong, urban, society

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Nanofibers have emerged as thrilling one-dimensional nanomaterials for a extensive spectrum of research and industrial applications attributable to their particular physicochemical houses and traits. As a class of nanomaterials with go-sectional diameters ranging from tens to loads of nanometers, nanofibers possess extraordinarily high precise surface location and surface region-to-volume ratio

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Electro spining , Nanofiber ,

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Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease in the elderly population, with a higher prevalence in men, independent of race and social class; it affects approximately 1.5-2.0% of the elderly population over 60 years and those over 80 years of age. Many factors such as environmental and genetic factors influence Parkinson's disease risk with different factors predominating in different patients. These factors are based on specific pathways including mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, protein aggregation, impaired autophagy, and neuroinflammation. Ultimately, treatment for Parkinson's disease may focus on targeted therapies for defined subtypes of PD patients. Even though effective medicines are available for Parkinson's disease there is no total cure.

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Keywords: Parkinson's disease (PD), Substantia Nigra pars compacta (SNpc), Postural instability or gait difficulty (PIGD), Tremor-dominant [TD], Dopamine2 Receptor (D2R), SNCA-Synuclein Alpha.

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Fear, as an adaptive emotion, triggers the activation of defensive resources when faced with a perceived threat or danger. Fear and anxiety are closely related, phylogenetically adaptive emotions experienced in response to near and threat or a more distant future threat. Anxiety and Fear both are alerting signals that acts warning of an internal and external threat(1) Anxiety can be conceptualized as a normal and adaptive response that has life saving qualities and warns of threats of bodily damage, pain, helplessness, possible punishment or the frustration of social and bodily needs This helps to throw some light on the management of different fears, phobias, anxieties, with the help of homeopathy.

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Anxiety Disorder, Fears, PTSD, OCD, Homeopathy

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This survey study examines malware detection methods and focuses on a particular project that employs machine learning to find potentially hazardous URLs and identify infected files. Malware is any software that carries out harmful operations, such data theft or espionage. In Kaspersky Labs' definition from 2017, malware is "a type of computer programme designed to infect a legitimate user's computer and cause harm in various ways." The several polymorphic layers present in contemporary malware apps make it increasingly challenging to identify malware using conventional signature-based techniques. Since these layers either conceal from view or update themselves automatically on a regular basis, antivirus software finds it difficult to identify them. Machine learning provides the answer by teaching models to recognise both positive and negative file attributes. This feature allows malware to be detected independent of previous experience by enabling the recognition of hazardous patterns. The study that is being presented makes use of a Random Forest classifier for PE-header-based malware detection and Logistic Regression to discover potentially harmful URLs.

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Malware detection, Machine learning in cybersecurity, Polymorphic malware, Signature-based detection limitations, Cybersecurity threats, Random Forest classifier, Logistic Regression, PE-header-based detection, Hazardous URLs detection, Contemporary malware challenges, Antivirus software limitations, Malware identification techniques, Cyber threat intelligence, Data theft prevention, Cybersecurity defense mechanisms

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Original Research Article: STUDY OF EXPRESSION OF VARIOUS IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL MARKERS IN THE INVASIVE DUCTAL CARCINOMA OF BREAST (IDC). Authors: Dr. Jeel Sheth1, Dr. Rajvee Jadeja2 , Dr. Jasmin Jasani3, Dr. Yesha Chauhan4, Dr. Devansh Sheth5 1Resident, Department of Pathology, Shrimati Bhikhiben Kanjibhai Shah Medical Institute and Research Centre, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth. 2Resident, Department of Pathology, Shrimati Bhikhiben Kanjibhai Shah Medical Institute and Research Centre, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth. 3 Professor, Department of Pathology, Shrimati Bhikhiben Kanjibhai Shah Medical Institute and Research Centre, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth. 4 Resident, Department of Pathology, Shrimati Bhikhiben Kanjibhai Shah Medical Institute and Research Centre, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth.. 5 Third year MBBS student, B.J.Medical College, Gujarat University Ahmedabad ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer in women worldwide, affecting one out of every eight women.(1) It accounts for 25% of all invasive cancers in females and 16% of all female malignancies. (2) The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that 685,000 women died from breast cancer in 2020, with an estimated 2.3 million women receiving a diagnosis worldwide. Breast cancer occurs in every country of the world in women at any age after puberty but with increasing rates in later life. (3) If detected at an early stage, breast cancer is curable. Prognostic factors are those that affect a patient's overall prognosis, such as the likelihood of recurrence following treatment. These variables aid in choosing the right patients for a certain treatment. (6) Tumor size, tumour grade, and axillary lymph node metastases are examples of conventional morphological prognostic variables. As a result of the fact that a considerable proportion of patients with early-stage breast cancer already have microscopic metastases when they are diagnosed, biological molecular prognostic markers are being given more weight.(7) The most relevant clinical biomarkers that are widely used in managing breast cancer cases according to stage are hormone receptors (ER and PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2).(7) Making management decisions and plans for breast cancer management requires an understanding of hormone receptors and HER-2 expressions. (8) In treatment of breast cancer, prognostic and predictive factors are used. Predictive factors assess the likelihood of benefit from a certain treatment. ER, PR, and HER2/neu are prognostic as well as predictive variables. (6) METHOD: This present study, entitled "IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL (IHC) EXPRESSION OF ESTROGEN RECEPTOR (ER), PROGESTERONE RECEPTOR (PR) AND HUMAN EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR-2 (HER2/NEU) IN INVASIVE DUCTAL CARCINOMA OF BREAST: A CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY" is conducted in the Department of Pathology at Dhiraj hospital from 1st February 2023 to 31st August 2023. o The recorded data of IHC of patients who were diagnosed as invasive ductal carcinoma of breast that received in the department of pathology at Dhiraj hospital from 1st February 2023 to 31st August 2023. RESULT: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the various IHC markers expression in invasive ductal carcinoma of breast. Total of sixty cases who met the inclusion criteria were taken into the study. CONCLUSION: The present study reported maximum number of cases in the age group of 51-60 years. Majority of cases were in grade II followed by grade III and grade I. The highest proportion of positive ER (18.33%), and PR (16.67%) expressions were observed in the age group 51-60 years. The highest proportion of positive HER/2neu (10%) expression was observed in the age group 51-60 & 61-70 years.

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KEY WORDS: ER, PR, HER/2neu

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This study analyzed the familiarity in use of electronic resources by the library users of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University. 30.9% respondents are spend less than an hour for using internet per day. 41.1% of the respondents opined that use the internet for subject knowledge. 28.3% of the respondents opined that the using for E-Journals. 39.6% respondents use the Electronic sources every day. 43% respondents have learning electronic resources by guidance from friends. 35.5% of the respondents opined that the lack of facilities is the main problem for using the electronic resources. 39.1% respondents agree that they are satisfied with the quality of electronic resources.

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Internet, Electronic Resources, Information Communication Technology, Digital Library, e-learning databases.

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Severe hyperbilirubinemia; Acute bilirubin encephalopathy; kernictus; Direct Coombs test.

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A person's everyday life, social relationships, and general well-being are all negatively impacted by a visual handicap. This essay examines the many facets of vision impairment, discussing the difficulties experienced by those with visual impairments, looking at the problem from a variety of angles, and suggesting creative fixes to improve their quality of life. The difficulties include a broad spectrum of topics, such as obstacles to accessibility in the built environment, restrictions on career and educational options, and the effect on mental health. Medical, social, and technical paradigms are used to analyze perspectives on vision impairment, illuminating the complexity of this illness. The study also explores current treatments and solutions, such as advocacy campaigns, instructional plans, and assistive technology. It also looks at how new technologies like augmented reality and artificial intelligence could be used to meet the special requirements of people who are blind or visually impaired. To sum up, this article highlights the need to adopt a comprehensive strategy that integrates medical, social, and technological treatments to provide a more welcoming and supportive atmosphere for those with visual impairments. Through comprehension of the obstacles, evaluation of many viewpoints, and application of creative resolutions, the community may endeavor to create a future that is fairer and easily accessible for people with visual impairments.

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Visual disability, accessibility barriers, educational opportunities, employment opportunities, mental health, social paradigm, assistive technologies, artificial intelligence, equity

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