Volume 12 | Issue 1

 Abstract

BACKGROUND: Hypercholesterolemia is a strong predictor of coronary Heart Disease mortality. The prevalence of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is known to be very high both among migrant Asian Indians and also among people within the Indian sub continent. Evidence suggested that high - fiber diets in accordance with American Heart Association (AHA) reduces serum cholesterol by 11 - 32 percent. Many studies have shown that soluble fibre beta-glucan present in oats have a beneficial effect in reducing cholesterol. So, the study was carried out with the following objectives. OBJECTIVES: to study the comparative effect of two different oat bran recipes, namely oat bran biscuits and oat bran porridge on hypercholesterolemic subjects and to check whether there is an effect in the food processing method employed. DESIGN: Prospective design with purposive sampling technique was employed for the study. 12 hypercholesterolemic subjects were selected belonging to the age group of 40-55 years. Baseline information of the selected subjects were obtained using an interview schedule which includes information regarding age, sex, physical activity pattern, personal habits, dietary habits, anthropometric details such as weight, BMI, Waist circumference. The study consisted of two groups, each group consisting of six samples respectively in accordance with the type of supplementation namely oat bran biscuits and oat bran porridge. RESULTS: Significant difference was found to be observed in total cholesterol levels among both the group of subjects (at 5 percent and 1 percent significance levels). LDL was not found to be significant in experimental group 1 subjects whereas in experimental group 2 it showed significant results. Similarly HDL cholesterol also showed significant results in group 2. After comparing each parameter within the 2 groups the results showed that there was no significant difference in total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides, VLDL and their ratios between both the groups. CONCLUSION: Comparison of oat bran biscuits and oat bran porridge supplementation proved that there is no difference in food processing method, with both the forms showing similar effects on hypercholesterolemia. Fibre supplementation in any form can be helpful for reducing the risk of complications and improving the lifespan from dreaded diseases like diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases.

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Oats, soluble fibre, hypocholesterolemia

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: In the literature, environmental issues are covered in greater detail. Feminist research integrates ecology and makes the connection between the deterioration of nature and the subjugation of women. In the topic of ecofeminism, feminist ideas and opinions are affirmed from a feminine perspective. It also calls into question the egalitarian perspective of human nature and the male-dominated society. The current paper's goal is to examine the ecofeminist elements in Gita Mehta's A Rivers Sutra. Ecofeminism frequently demonstrates the intimate connection between women's enslavement and the destruction of nature. In one sense, it is evident that humans rule nature, and in a similar vein, men dominate women. However, ecofeminism advocates for treating all women with dignity and equality in society. The research paper's goal is to examine how women and nature are related to politics, culture, the economy, and literature.

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Gita Mehta, A River Sutra, feminism, ecofeminism, gender, ecology etc.

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This study investigated the factors influencing saving and investment behaviour among Dakshina Kannada residents, aiming to identify key determinants and potential interventions to improve financial well-being. A quantitative survey approach was employed, collecting data from 100 Residents through a structured questionnaire. Principal component analysis and hypothesis testing were used to analyze the relationships between financial goals, saving/investment rates, perceived barriers, instrument preferences, and socio-demographic variables. Five distinct factors were identified: financial goals, barriers to saving, preferred instrument characteristics, financial knowledge, and financial institution access. Higher saving/investment rates were associated with specific goals like retirement planning, and negatively impacted by knowledge gaps and limited access to financial services. Income showed no direct effect, but digitalization positively influenced the adoption of modern saving/investment instruments. Financial literacy programs and improved access to financial institutions are crucial in overcoming barriers and boosting saving/investment rates, especially among low-income individuals. Tailored interventions addressing specific financial goals and knowledge gaps may further enhance financial well-being. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of saving/investment determinants in the Indian context, offering valuable insights for policymakers and financial institutions to develop targeted interventions for promoting financial inclusion and long-term financial security. Additionally, the identification of five distinct factors contributes to the theoretical understanding of saving behaviour and can inform future research in diverse economies.

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Saving and investment behaviour, Financial well-being in India, Financial literacy and barriers, Digitalization and financial inclusion, Multi-faceted determinants of saving

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von Willebrand's disease (vWD) arises from abnormalities in von Willebrand factor (vWF), an adhesive glycoprotein uniquely involved in key aspects of both primary and secondary hemostasis. The current classification distinguishes disorders arising from partial (type 1) or complete (type 3) deficiencies and from qualitative defects (type 2). Type 2 vWD is further divided into four subtypes (A, B, N, and M), reflecting distinct classes of functional abnormalities. Mis-sense mutations account for most of type 2 vWD, whereas major disruptions in the vWF gene produce type 3 variants. The molecular basis of type 1 vWD is largely undefined. The laboratory diagnosis of vWD and its several variants is made on the basis of immunologic and functional studies of vWF, factor VIII levels, and specialized electrophoretic analysis (multimer gels). The mainstay of therapy for most patients with vWD in desmopressin, a pharmacologic agent that stimulates the release of endogenous pools of vWF. Cryoprecipitate and selected factor VIII concentrates are useful sources of exogenous vWF for the treatment of patients unresponsive to this desmopressin

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von Willebrand disease, Willebrand factor, glycoprotein, hemostasis, Mis-sense mutations, gene, factor-VIII, desmopressin, bleeding disorder

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The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly impacted India's GDP, causing significant disruptions across various sectors of the economy. This abstract summarizes the key points regarding the influence of covid19 on india's GDP.

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Covid19, Gross Domestic product (GDP), Economy.

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With a focus on mangoes, this study presents a novel web-based platform for assessing fruit quality in real time. Given that mangoes are perishable and that ripeness, maturity, color, and texture are important factors in determining their quality, the study presents a sophisticated system that combines multiple sensing technologies into an easily navigable web interface. The platform provides a thorough and detailed evaluation of mango quality by utilizing cutting-edge image processing algorithms, color detection techniques, light transmittance analysis, ethylene gas sensing, Brix value measurement, and ultrasonic resonance modules. Mango images can be uploaded with ease by users, including farmers, distributors, and quality control staff. Instant feedback on classification, color metrics, internal features, and overall quality is provided. The website makes it easier to monitor in real time, provides thorough quality reports for every batch of mangoes, supports precision farming methods, and guarantees that customers will receive premium-quality fruits. With the help of web-based technologies, fruit quality assurance can now seamlessly integrate multiple sensing techniques, increasing accuracy and efficiency in the agricultural supply chain. This research represents a significant advancement in this regard.

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Mango quality assessment, web-based platform, real-time monitoring, image processing, color detection, light transmittance analysis, ethylene gas sensing, Brix value measurement, ultrasonic resonance, precision farming.

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Infertility can result from an abnormality affecting other hormonal systems including the hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid and adrenal glands or from disorders of the testicles themselves.This article takes a focused overview on the topic male infertility ,scope and power of homoeopathy in treating the underlying causes of male infertility with an individualised approach where homoeopathy addresses the mental and physical concerns of an individual where it has an effective result in increasing the sperm count, improving sperm motility and volume.

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Male infertility,Oligospermia,Abnormal sperms,Homoeopathic remedies

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The limited supply of doctors in India, particularly in smaller towns and villages, poses a significant challenge to providing healthcare services to a large number of people. To address this issue, the paper proposes the development of an advanced AI-powered healthcare system that utilizes artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and natural language processing (NLP) techniques. The system aims to create an intelligent digital assistant capable of diagnosing common acute diseases, such as the common cold and flu, based on simple user inputs. The solution encompasses components such as natural language understanding (NLU) for effective comprehension of user queries, machine learning algorithms for diagnosis, a user-friendly interface for seamless interaction, integration with telemedicine platforms, and ensuring data privacy and security. The paper also reviews the application of AI in medical technologies, the use of explainable AI in diagnosis and surgery, the impact of AI on disease diagnosis, the potential of large language models in medical applications, and a novel approach called Clinical Prediction with Large Language Models (CPLLM) for clinical predictions. The findings highlight the promising opportunities and challenges in implementing AI-powered healthcare solutions and emphasize the potential for improving healthcare accessibility and outcomes through the integration of AI technologies.

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AI-powered healthcare, machine learning, natural language processing, digital assistant, healthcare accessibility, telemedicine, data privacy, system architecture, user interface, large language model, GPT, diagnosis, medical records, data preprocessing, NLP model, machine learning model, user-friendly interface, telemedicine integration, continuous learning, scalability planning, education and awareness, collaboration, literature reviews, PRISMA guidelines, trends in AI, large language models

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Sentinel is an innovative multi-camera system revolutionizing video surveillance through intelligent face detection, recognition, and tracking. Employing advanced computer vision and deep learning models, the system ensures accurate face detection under challenging conditions, enhancing its reliability in diverse environments. By integrating facial recognition technology with a comprehensive database, Sentinel enables rapid identification and alerts for known individuals of interest. The system's intelligent tracking algorithms allow for seamless monitoring and tracking of individuals across multiple camera feeds, mitigating the limitations of conventional surveillance. Sentinel's scalability ensures compatibility with various surveillance camera systems, promoting widespread adoption. Additionally, the system prioritizes privacy by adhering to ethical data handling practices, securely managing facial data in compliance with privacy regulations. Sentinel's cutting-edge architecture marks a significant leap forward in video surveillance capabilities, offering a comprehensive solution for real-time face detection, recognition, and tracking. Its applicability spans across sectors such as public safety, law enforcement, and critical infrastructure protection, making it a vital tool in bolstering security measures and ensuring efficient surveillance operations.

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video surveillance, face detection, face recognition, person tracking, CCTV cameras, pipeline, image acquisition, existing system, probabilistic recognition, video surveillance methodologies, drawbacks, proposed method, computer vision, machine learning algorithms, YOLOv8, edge computing, dataset, dataset preprocessing, Roboflow, annotation tools, model training, model deployment, collaboration tools, methodology, backbone network, neck network, head network, loss function, GIoU loss, object det

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The study aims to shed light on the daily lives of women, focusing on women's empowerment. Through this research, the goal was to enhance understanding and contribute to empowering women. Women demonstrated their capabilities in various roles, whether as single mothers, full-time moms, or hardworking individuals, mirroring the situations faced by the researcher. The challenges of being a woman were multifaceted, encompassing reputation management, family responsibilities, and the demands of daily life. To empower women effectively, this research served as a tool to explore and analyze different situations, offering guidance to protect themselves under the Violence Against Women Act. Ensuring equality without discrimination was crucial for women to recognize that empowerment enabled them to sustain their rights. The objectives of this study included: (a) narrating the experiences of marginalized women in Tarlac City, (b) identifying the challenges they faced, (c) the government support programs, (d) proposing potential measures, and (e) the implications for public administration. The study was specifically focused on Tarlac City, with respondents encompassing Solo Parents, Migrants, Indigenous People, and Informal Settlers. To delve into the lived experiences of women's empowerment, a qualitative research approach was employed, utilizing a phenomenological design to explore the definition of empowerment. Purposive sampling, a type of non-probability sampling, was chosen for participant selection. Data collection involved interviews and documentary analysis. The subsequent data analysis employed frequency and ranking methods. Based on the findings, most of the marginalized women in Tarlac City were single, and they didn't have decent jobs due to societal standards and qualifications. They also graduated from primary and secondary education.

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Marginalized, Women, Empowerment, Indigenous People, Government, Solo Parent, Informal Settler, Migrant, Government

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This research paper presents an in-depth analysis of customer attitudes towards bank selection for borrowing in Indore City, Madhya Pradesh, focusing on the comparative perspective between government and private banks. The study involves a sample size of 200 participants, with an equal representation from ten major banks, including five government and five private banks. The objective is to explore the determinants influencing customers' decisions in choosing between these two types of banks for their borrowing needs. The key variables considered in this investigation are bank policy (flexibility), government support, marginal requirements, interest rates, and bank facilities. These factors serve as independent variables impacting the dependent variable, 'Bank Selection for Loans.' The research employs a quantitative approach to analyse how these variables affect customer preferences.

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Customer Attitudes, Bank Selection, Borrowing, Bank Policy, Marginal Requirements, Interest Rates, Bank Facilities, Quantitative Analysis, Financial Sector, and Economic Development.

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Corporate governance is a critical aspect of business performance and sustainable growth. It plays a pivotal role in enhancing transparency, accountability, and ethical code of conduct within organizations, ensuring sustainable business operations, and protecting the interests of different stakeholders. Adherence to legal, regulatory, and societal norms is vital for companies to modify their conduct and uphold sound corporate governance principles. SEBI has a significant responsibility in ensuring that listed entities conform to corporate governance norms. Thus, by reviewing important legal regulations, and guidelines of SEBI, this article attempts to give a general overview of corporate governance in compliance with SEBI requirements.

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Corporate governance, Transparency, Ethical code of conduct

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Nanocochleates composed of bilayer lipids, a novel cigarette-shaped structure, has emerged as a drug delivery system, offering improved stability, improved bio-availability, and targeted drug delivery. This comprehensive review examines the evolution, mechanisms, preparation methods, characterization studies, and several applications of nanocrystals in pharmaceuticals. The review explores the basics of nanocochleates, tracing their discovery in the 1970s and subsequent development. This structure formed by the interaction of liposomes and cationic salts provides a stable matrix for encapsulating hydrophilic, hydrophobic and amphiphilic drugs. The versatility of nanocoats allows for different routes of administration, including oral, parenteral, topical and mucosal. Lipids (phosphatidyl serine, phosphatidic acid, etc.), cations (Ca + 2, Zn + 2) and various drug classes used in the preparation of nanocochleate were identified separately. The drug delivery mechanism describes how nanocochleates are absorbed from the gut and delivered to target cells through membrane fusion events. Advantages include stability, reduced drug dosages, increased bioavailability and control, while acknowledging challenges such as special storage requirements and manufacturing costs. This review provides detailed information on nanocochleate preparation methods, focusing on entrapment methods, hydrogel approaches, and dialysis techniques. Characterization studies including particle size measurements, encapsulation efficiency, surface morphology, and in vitro release studies are reviewed. Furthermore, the review highlights the possibility of industrial scale production using pure lipid feedstock.

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Oral delivery, Nanocochleate, Phospholipid, Liposome, Laser diffraction.

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Agro industrial waste are rich source of many important bioactive compounds so their potential use in food industry as natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agents may be good approach to replace synthetic preservatives.However it may also solve the environmental problems concurring disposal of waste and their by products. This may be a good source of profit for human.Mango kernels were dried ,powdered and extracted with hexane by using Soxhlet apparatus ,then subjected to GC-MS analysis by using Clarus GCMS-QP 2010 Ultra Gas chromatography. A huge amount of waste of mango kernels creates an environmental problem, so the objective of this study to utilize the mango kernels to make the environment clean and to increase the economic value of mango kernels.

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Kernel oil,GC-MS Spectroscopy,Mangifera indica.

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A financial plan is something thatcreate after considering individual current income, savings, expenses, future earnings, insurance if any, financial goals and a vision of future existence. then try to choose savings and investment selections appropriately to enable to fulfill long-term and short-term financial objectives at different life phases. Tax savings need careful preparation of finances. It is essential for a person since it helps in keeping stability percentage of savings, especially in times when the financial markets are being continually balanced between uncertainty and inflation. A crucial component of financial planning is tax planning. Effective by using tax planning, can lower our taxable income to the at most.

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Financial Planning, Salaried Employees, Tax Savings, IT Companies

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In the realm of structural engineering, the analysis and design of box girder superstructures for both highway and railway bridges stand as a global endeavour. Various countries, responding to the unique challenges posed by their natural surroundings, have formulated their own sets of codes, accounting for factors such as seismic activity, extreme weather conditions, topography, and vehicular diversity. In the context of India, bridge engineers turn to the standards outlined by the Indian Road Congress (IRC), specifically IRC: 112-2011, as their guiding light. This study delves into the realm of box girders, focusing on two distinct cross-sectional configurations. The contemporary landscape of bridge construction has magnified the significance of these box girder bridges, especially within modern highway systems and urban interchanges. Their appeal lies in their structural efficiency, serviceability, stability, aesthetic appeal, and cost-effectiveness. Box girders achieve the remarkable feat of minimizing weight while optimizing flexural strength, making them an exemplary choice for bridge construction.

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Keywords: Prestressed Concrete, Box Girder, IRC Loading, Superstructur

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Since the purpose of orthodontic therapy is to improve facial and dental aesthetic appearance, decalcification of enamel, which manifests as white spot lesions (WSLs), surrounding fixed orthodontic appliances is a significant issue both during and after fixed orthodontic treatment. Because the areas around orthodontic attachments are harder to clean and more likely to accumulate plaque, it raises the chance of developing white spot lesions. Therefore, applying suitable methods for preventing these lesions during orthodontic treatment and performing appropriate therapies after orthodontic treatment is important for obtaining favorable results and patient satisfaction. Oral hygiene motivation, usage of topical fluoride agents, casein phosphopeptide-more calcium phosphate agents, antimicrobial agents, tooth bleaching, microabrasion, and resin infiltration are current techniques that clinicians can use for the prevention and treatment of white enamel lesions. This review article's goal is to investigate the causes, prevalence, and classification of white spot lesions through preventative and therapeutic measures to manage enamel demineralization.

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White Spot Lesions (WSL), Decalcification of enamel, Fixed Orthodontic treatment, Demineralization

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ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION "Schizophrenia cannot be understood without understanding despair."1 R. D. Laing Schizophrenia is one of the maximum debilitating psychiatric issues global. Caring for sufferers with schizophrenia is a extensive burden on the households and caregivers. Recent advancements in biological remedies reduce the want for long-term hospitalization, and consequently, the function of the patients' households is dominant inside the treatment method. Hence, the associated troubles are skilled more within the family surroundings, which affect their each day lifestyles. Accordingly, interventions consisting of affected person and own family schooling and social work supports, with the intention of enhancing the sufferers feature and also assisting the families to appropriately cope with the sufferers' troubles have won extra interest. 3 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Verma PK and Walia TS,(2019). Schizophrenia is a devastating and chronic mental illness. Considering the nature of illness along with routine psychiatric care, various supportive therapies are recommended. Family psychoeducational approach has been developed to increase patient's as well as their caregiver's knowledge and insight will enable people with schizophrenia and their caregivers to cope in a more effective way with the consequences of their illness, thereby improving prognosis.5 Innamuri R, Palani K (2019) Several studies have documented poor knowledge of schizophrenia among caregivers and its negative influence on clinical outcomes such as treatment response and prognosis. The benefits of group psychoeducation of caregivers of patients suffering from schizophrenia have been well established. However, very few studies have explored the effectiveness of the group psychoeducation program in the Indian setting.6 Problem statement "A study to assess the effectiveness of psychoeducation programme on knowledge of Schizophrenia among caregivers of patients with Schizophrenia in tertiary care hospital of the city." The objectives of the study are: 1) To assess the knowledge of Schizophrenia among caregivers of patients With Schizophrenia in tertiary care hospital of city". 2) To assess effectiveness of psychoeducation programme on knowledge of Schizophrenia among caregivers of patients with Schizophrenia in tertiaryCare hospital of city". 3) To find the association between study findings with selected demographic variables. HYPOTHESIS H0: There is no significant effect of psychoeducation programme on knowledge of Schizophrenia among the caregivers of patients with Schizophrenia in tertiary care hospital of the city". (p=0.05) H1: There is significant effect of psychoeducation programme on knowledge of Schizophrenia among the caregivers of patients with Schizophrenia in tertiary care hospital of the city." (p=0.05) METHODOLOGY An evaluative research approach with pre experimental one group pre-test post-test study design was used for the study. Conceptual framework for the study was based on General System Theory by Ludwing Von Bertalanffy (1968). Total 90 caregivers of patients with Schizophrenia were selected as sample for the study by using non-probability convenient sampling method. The data was collected by using self-structured knowledge questionnaires. The psychoeducation programme was administered on the day1 followed the pre-test. On the 7th day of feasibility post test was conducted to assess the gain in knowledge using the self-structured knowledge questionnaire. RESULT OF THE STUDY Findings revealed that highest percentage 32.20% (29) of the sample are age between 51 to 60 year, majority 53.30% (48) of caregivers were female, majority 45.60% (41) had completed primary education, 81.10%(73) from Hindu religion, majority of caregivers 51.10%(46) income was less than 10,000, 82.20%(74) from nuclear family,68.90%(62) living in urban area,87.80%(79) had length of stay with patient is more than two years,80.00%(72) no history of psychiatric illness in family and 86.70%(78) had accessed medical professional as a source of information. In present study the pre-test knowledge score of caregivers revealed that majority 24.44% of had good (13-18) knowledge about Schizophrenia. In post-test majority of the caregivers 96.67% had excellent (25-30) knowledge about schizophrenia. Findings shows that the pre-test knowledge mean score 15.10 and post-test mean score was 25.98 after psychoeducation programme. The calculated' value for knowledge of caregivers was 21.29,hence null hypothesis was rejected and it was concluded that psychoeducation programme was effective in improving the knowledge of caregivers regarding Schizophrenia none of the demographic variable of caregiver was found to have significant association with the knowledge score of caregivers regarding Schizophrenia . CONCLUSION There was significant difference in the pre-test and post- test knowledge score of caregivers, which shows psychoeducation programme on knowledge of caregivers regarding Schizophrenia was effective.

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Psychoeducation Programme, Schizophrenia, Caregivers, knowledge, tertiary care hospital

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Geomagnetic activity, normalized deviation, AE(Auroral Electrojet index), Kp (K- Index), Bz(Interplanetary magnetic field) and Dst(Disturbed Storm Time).

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