Volume 6 | Issue 1

 Abstract

Many of these concerns are closely related to the AC voltage regulation at the converter bus. Generally, the associated reactive compensators and HVDC systems are operated and controlled independently and the interaction between them considered only under steady state condition. If the control become coordinates between the HVDC system and reactive power compensator, the performance in transient state and dynamic performance of HVDC system will be improved. The transient performance of HVDC system is very important. Since, the increasing demand of power in industries forced integration of HVDC system with AC system. After the development of FACTS controllers, the transmission capability becomes improved. These controllers improve the controllability and stability of power networks. STATCOM (Static Synchronous compensator) is one of the most important Flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices because of its ability to regulate voltages in transmission lines, to improve transient stability and to compensate variable reactive power. In this paper the topology which is considered is that the characteristics of the line-commutated HVDC with a STATCOM at the inverter end.

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STATCOM HVDC POWER QUALITY

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As we see modern civilization heavily depends on consumption of electrical energy for commercial, industrial, domestic, agricultural and social purposes. HVDC is most economical way to transmit bulk power over longer distances, complexity in controlling of the power flow, asynchronous power grid interconnections and renewable energy integration due to its flexible power control. Among the numerous techniques concerning HVDC system, DC transmission line protection is one of the important unit thus it provides fast fault clearance and guarantees the operation security of the entire HVDC transmission system. In HVDC transmission lines uses the voltage differential protection in which voltage differential rate to identify the faults takes place on transmission line but this technique not efficient due to not detect high impedance faults and its sensitivity to faults resistance. In the time difference between the initial wave and reflected wave from the fault point is utilized to calculate the fault distance, but it is difficult to distinguish the reflected wave from the disturbing waves in some cases. This project proposes a novel directional backup protection scheme based on reactive energy for HVDC transmission systems. In this paper reactive energy is defined as the integral of reactive power during a period of time.

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HVDC Protection fault

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Mechanically fastened joints are widely used in composite aerospace structures. Among various methods of joining, fastener (bolted) joints are preferred in applications, which require periodic assembly and disassembly. The mechanics of load transfer has been extensively studied earlier for the case of such joints in metallic structures. With the advent of composite structures in the recent past, there is a renewed interest in these problems from the viewpoints of both the stress analysis and the strength prediction. An understanding of the process of load transfer at connections like pin joints in composite materials are essential to achieve a level of confidence in analysis and design of composite structures. This is necessary to expand the range of application of composite materials in primary structures. In view of recent advances in the field of computers and the development of Finite Element Methods to handle complex practical problems, attempts to study the pin-plate problem of composites could be very fruitful. The present work is an effort in this direction and has achieved success in two-dimensional plane-stress analysis of pin joints with round pin in a hole in a composite plate using commercial software ANSYS (Analysis System) as a tool for finite element analysis. Both inverse and iterative approaches are employed as required in the analysis. The pin loading and uniform tension on rectangular plate were carried out for various hole eccentricity to hole diameter and plate width to hole diameter ratios. The contact stress problem at the pin-plate interface can be analyzed by iterative or inverse methods of approach. In iterative approach, the extents of contact/separation are determined iteratively for a given load level. Inverse technique determines the load level required for various extents of contact/separation. Finally the article presents the analysis of pin joints considering the effect of friction on pin plate interface. The effect of friction on load contact behavior and maximum stresses is successfully demonstrated using ANSYS software for finite element analysis.

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Pin joints, composite laminated structure, FEM, ANSYS

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Air quality monitoring is a hot topic during the current scenario. No wonder, with so many recent studies showing a strong correlation between certain types of air pollution and negative health effects. There are several sensors are system which monitors the Air Quality but they are not distributed. These sensors are only installed in major cities and industries and they provide data only about a very small radius. In order to overcome this threatening issue a distributed system that gathers data and performs data logging and makes it a more efficient system that makes the preventive measure more easy and comfortable. The data which is collected is then logged into maps that give a better perception and cognizance about the locality. Rather than normal numeric data these maps provide information about the particular spot and also the Air Quality Index about the particular place. This can also provide images of agents that cause potential increase in the Air Quality Index. The data is not only used for viewing but it is then manipulated to provide various precaution measures through and algorithm which takes the collected data as input. The data can also be used to forecast the future scenario of each particular area based on the conditions, plantation and vehicular count in each area of a required span. Thus, this system will prove out to be a reliable and definitive solution to this alarming problem.

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Air quality, Maps, Plantation, Raspberry PI, Arduino, Precaution, AQI, Data-logging, Scripts

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Abstract: Fatigue is a common problem among people after stroke that may hamper full participation in a rehabilitation program. A high incidence of fatigue has been reported in people with post stroke. The combination of stroke, fatigue, and sedentary lifestyle can create a morbid downward-spiral in terms of quality of life and functions. Therefore, it is essential to better understand the nature of fatigue. As Fatigue is a common problem among people after stroke with higher incidence involving various lesion of location, the study was aimed to see the difference in fatigue among stroke individuals with lesions in different hemispheres and locations. A Cross sectional study was done consisting of 30 subjects (45-70yrs). All the subjects were given a fatigue questionnaire (FAS) sheet to fill up. Subjects in the group were asked to perform Six-Minute-Walk Test (6MWT) used to induce fatigue prior to assessing the level of fatigue. Then the distance covered during 6minute was measured and fatigue level was measured by using fatigue index (VAFS). The result showed that there was no statistical significant difference in fatigue between right & left hemisphere, ischemic & hemorrhagic stroke and different locations involved (thalamus, putamen, cortex, corona radiata & internal capsule). So the study concluded that there was no significant difference in fatigue among stroke individuals with lesions in different hemispheres and locations.

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Fatigue, Stroke, Hemiplegia, Cerebrovascular accident

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Instructor training framework is an essential vehicle to enhance the nature of school training. The renewal and fortifying of the instructor training framework is an effective means for the upliftment of instructive standards in the nation. There are numerous issues that need earnest consideration for enhancing the nature of educator training program. One of them is the need of advancements in educator training program. Inventiveness implies the capacity to think past the limits and make something which is not the same as that which as of now exists. Without advancements, no advance is conceivable. Instructors must be inventive and their preparing needs to begin from their preparation organizations. Advancements in instructor training incorporate IT proficiency, intelligent remotely coordinating and so on. NPE (1986) expressed "The current arrangement of educator training should be redesigned or redone." Unfortunately, the auxiliary instructor instruction foundations in India are expressed to be generally not imaginative. There are some opposing variables in our training framework which keeps the instructor instruction establishment from being creative, for example, absence of physical offices and assets, absence of dissemination of advancements among instructor teachers, unbending system, absence of research introduction and so on. In this paper the creators have endeavored to toss light on the need of developments required in educator instruction, the opposing components and have additionally offered proposals to conquer those elements.

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Teacher Education, Innovation, opposing components.

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Some of the raw materials such as chemical based adhesives, chromium tanned leather, synthetic rubbers and plastics that are used in the footwear manufacturing are all harmful and potentials for global warming. The manufacturing and disposal of these materials release greenhouse gases, as well as toxic pollutants which can negatively impact human health and natural ecosystems. The scale of the footwear industry contributes to environmental problems significantly.The problems associated with footwear production and flux to the waste stream is expected to increase as the footwear industry grows progressively.Te main objective of the study was to understand the carbon and water footprints of the footwear industry and how Corporate Social responsibility programmes of the footwear companies can minimise the pollution of the ecosystem.

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CSR, Carbon Footprint, Water Footprint, Footwear, manufacturing

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Day to day searching in internet is growing tremendous in terms of information in providing our way of thinking on web resources. Personalized information search point the user search logs to provide our related knowledge based information retrieval process. In many case, the user search with the principle of exact term required. The topics of query search other than the positioned term does not match our exact search result, so that the similar case search terms miss to provide the frequent terms results. This objective is regularly accomplished through related meaning full semantic searches. Customized information thinks about positioning or researching the query terms as index terms in light of understood input. The customized look framework will construe user data require in light of client web search holds relational connection. To propose a light weight point of searching enhancement clustering approach called context aware multilevel clustering algorithm (CAMC) which its predicts the relevant semantic meaning index term to search .The context ware based on dictionary algorithm analyses the weightage term index synonyms to customize the user point of customized query with different time dependent frequent search with cluster case query result (CAD-TDF). This much improve time consideration fact of cluster efficiency to provide higher search results based on user thing of query terms.

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context aware, clustering, page ranking, search recommendations, semantic similarity

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A mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is a selfconfiguring infrastructure less network of mobile devices connected by wireless links. A homogeneous network is on e in which all nodes have the same capabilities and resources whereas heterogeneous networks consist of different nodes with different resources [1]. In various homogenous and heterogeneous networks with technologies like WLAN, WIMAX. We analyse the performance of different routing protocols such as DYMO, AODV, and OLSR. Performance analysis is done by comparing parameters like jitter, average end to end delay and throughput.

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MANET, Proactive protocol, Routing protocols, Reactive protocol, WMNs.

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motherland, satire, Hinduism

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In modern era & competitive surroundings organizations in manufacturing sector are challenging tough to win the concentration of customers by providing them value added service and superiority revolutionary products to reside aggressive in the market. The objective of this study is to look into the collision of HR practices on Organizational loyalty of workforce in manufacturing sectors in India. The studies divulge that how HR practices propose a gain to workforce dedication for a business effort and also the efforts by individual employee in the international cutthroat market. This research identifies how employees are devoted towards the organizational aspiration through efficient HR practices. Studies ascertain that a HRM practice creates an impact on the Organizational Commitment of Employees which facilitates to vend superior and endowed personnel.

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Employees, Organizational Commitment, HR practices, Organizational goal, Compensation

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Abstract This paper aims at presenting a profile of Haryana from a gender point of view. The focus is on gender discrimination which starts at the time of birth of a girl child. The sex ratio of the state since 1901 is the indication of the status of girl child in the state of Haryana. Sex ratio is directly linked to the problem of female foeticide in the state of Haryana despite PNDT ACT, 1994. Thus the present paper is explaining gender bias in Haryana, which is reflected through a skewed sex ratio and child sex ratio along with persistent gender violence. The paper has been divided into three parts. The first part of the paper will throw a light on the district wise trends of sex ratio. The second part will be the discussion part, where the reasons will be highlighted with the help of data gathered from field areas, i.e. various districts from the state of Haryana. Finally, the last section will deal with conclusion and inferences. Words: 168

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Keywords: Haryana, Status, girl, liablity sex ratio, child sex ratio, female foeticide.

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Attribute-based Encryption (ABE) has been widely used in cloud computing where a data provider outsources their encrypted data to a cloud service provider and can share the data with users possessing specific credentials. However, the standard ABE system does not support secure Deduplication, which is crucial for eliminating duplicate copies of identical data in order to save storage space and network bandwidth. Here, we present an attribute-based storage system with secure Deduplication in a hybrid cloud setting, where a private cloud is responsible for duplicate detection and a public cloud manages the storage. Compared with the prior data Deduplication systems, this system has two advantages. Firstly, it can be used to confidentially share data with users by specifying access policies rather than sharing decryption keys. Secondly, it achieves the standard notion of semantic security for data confidentiality while existing systems only achieve it by defining a weaker security notion. In addition, we put forth a methodology to modify a cipher-text over one access policy into cipher-texts of the same plain-text but under other access.

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Big data, Attribute-based encryption, Deduplication, Equality checking algorithm, Symmetric algorithm, Amazon cloud, Cipher-text policy attribute-based encryption, Java, JSP servlet .

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Public-Private-Partnership, agriculture sector, agriculture innovation system, technology, knowledge.

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Arsenic (As) is the most toxic elements causing major health concern worldwide due to presence in food composites. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Sodium arsenate (As+5) on Phaseolus vulgaris (consumed in the world, which have high nutritional quality; they are an excellent sources of starch and protein and are fairly good sources of dietary fibre, minerals, vitamins, and polyunsaturated fatty acids).When of Him-I variety seed were grown on treated sand with different conc. of sodium arsenate and the effect on physiological parameter such as shoot height, root length, leaf surface area, no. of seeds germinated , time period of germination was studied, it was found that there was increase in the aforesaid parameters up to 0.1Mm conc of arsenic, which was followed by decrease with further increasing As conc. (1 & 2Mm). Effect of Arsenic on Antioxidant enzymes such as, POD, CAT, SOD showed different patterns while normal sand and sand treated leaves were studied. POX activity was increased up to 1mM although CAT, SOD activity increased significantly up to 2Mmarsenic concentration. Present study is revealed that P. vulgaris(Him-I) variety can tolerate arsenic and could be used for phytoremediation but further investigation are necessary.

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Arsenic, phaseolus vulgaris, sodium arsenate, antioxidant enzymes.

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In the present study, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis played major role in remediation of kitchen wastes for composting in environmental cleanup strategy. These bacterial isolates with their concomitant enzymatic activity were found to be effective in degradation of kitchen wastes. Kitchen wastes were made up of mainly starch, protein, lipids and cellulose which are also degradable by the pathogenic microbes which, however, contaminate the whole environment. The said efficient bacterial isolates were checked by gram staining, colony characterization, biochemical characterization, and their extracellular hydrolytic enzyme production. These two successful bacterial isolates were eligible to produce all of these enzymes (amylase, protease, lipase and cellulase) in a special media, and are responsible for degradation of kitchen wastes. Production of all these enzymes is mandatory for the bacterial isolates wastes for biodegradation. From the present investigation, it can be concluded that useful bacteria can be isolated from the surrounding environment for ecofriendly bioconversion of solid kitchen wastes, as compost, which is a novel approach.

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, kitchen wastes, extracellular hydrolytic enzymes, biochemical characterization, Bioremediation and bioconversion.

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The world is now dealing with various environmental problems where nanobiotechnology is emerging as a new avenue for safer and cleaner environment. The studies on CO2 sequestration are being pursued all across the world. Many research works are focused on the development of single enzyme nanoparticles of enzymes were targeted for environmental bioremediation. This work is used to improve the stability and the active life of biocatalyst by using the approach of stabilization and immobilization, either singly or in combination. There are researches on the development of synthesis of single enzyme nanoparticles of carbonic anhydrase (SEN-CA). Individual enzyme molecules are stabilized within a biopolymeric silica network of nanometer scale thickness. A key result is that stabilization of the enzyme activity was achieved with minimal substrate mass transfer limitation compared to enzyme entrapped in larger scale materials. The development of stabilized SEN as soluble individual SEN particles also provides the opportunity to further immobilized on to the different matrices. These SEN provides major advantages such as stabilization of the activity, reduced mass-transfer limitation relative to large-scale immobilizations, and process ability into additional forms including hierarchical architectures. There are reports on biomimetic approach for sequestration of CO2into calcium carbonate using stabilized/immobilized CA as a non-site scrubber. Carbon sequestration by biological means will produce safe, environmental friendly products like calcium carbonate. It will be a permanent method for disposing CO2which shall make our environment cleaner, greener and sustainable.

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environment, nanotechnology, immobilization, single enzyme nanoparticles, carbon dioxide

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There are many invention related to a process for generation of hydrogen based on biomimetic carbonation and photocatalysis. A path breaking way has been developed for generation of solar fuels in specific hydrogen by coupling biomimetic carbonation with photocatalysis. Worlwide efforts are being made to mimic the reaction for fixation of anthropogenic CO2 into calcium carbonate using carbonic anhydrase (CA) as a biocatalyst. CA is being employed to accelerate the rate of hydration of CO2 to form carbonate ions and proton which is further reacted with aqueous solution of calcium carbonate given a suitable saturation of calcium and carbonate ions by addition of appropriate buffer. This approach may prove to be a revolutionary technical advancement required for hydrogen economy demanding carbon neutral hydrogen production. In addition to carbonates as end products, also the production of hydrogen during biomimetic carbonation may make the process commercially viable to be adopted by industries which emit CO2. This breakthrough thus opens new horizons in the area of carbon sequestration by virtue of the fact that end product of carbon sequestration is not only environmentally benign product of calcite but it would lead to the generation of clean greener energy including hydrogen, methane and methanol. Maximum hydrogen evolution has been observed up to 101.14 ?moles/mg of free CA, 156.8 ?moles/mg of immobilized CA and 101.14 ?moles/mg of CA, 6684.5 ?moles/mg of stabilized CA using TiO2/Zn/Pt as photocatalyst.

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green technology, immobilization, single enzyme nanoparticles, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, photocatalysis.

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Fascinating, Ramaua Dam, Bird, Water quality

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Trends in the domain of English Language Teaching can be identified at two levels. One, at the level of research that is carried out in the field and, second, the kind of practices adopted and implemented in the classrooms. With the changing paradigms there has been a shift from one approach to the other in the past couple of years. And with the addition of tools and technologies of ICT, the field has seen a widespread movement towards the innovative teaching techniques. Also the availability of different resources has made it easy for the teachers and researchers to experiment in different ways. This paper outlines the current trends observed in ELT with a view to give new researchers a direction to pick up the way for them.

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ELT Trends

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