Volume 13 | Issue 1

 Abstract

Aortic complications of behcet's disease: a case report

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Behcet disease ,vasculitis ,cardiovascular complications ,aortic insufficiency,ascending aortic aneurysm

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This paper analyzes the inventory management of selected sugar companies. Five samples have been selected for the study period 2019-20 to 2023-24. Non probability technique has been used for sample selection. Inventory turnover ratio was used as accounting tool while t test has been sued for statistical analysis. Finding of the study was that at 5% level of significance there was a significant difference between inventory turnover ratios of selected sugar companies in India.

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INVENTORY MANAGEMENT, SUGAR INDUSTRY

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Money management is a crucial task, especially for the lower and middle income group of people. The control over their money, must be in a most effective way for accomplishing their desired financial goals. But, sometimes, things may exceed such control, due to some unpredicted commitments or at times of emergency. Managing all such things, speaks the financial strength of that family. This study focuses on the financial management steps adopted by the middle income family during the happing of a huge unexpected expenditure.

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Key words: Financial management; handling the unexpected; middle income group

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Due to rapid urbanization and infrastructure developments, there is scarcity of stable construction/foundation sites and Geo-technical Engineers often encounter situations where the selected site is not found suitable to take the load of the proposed structure.in such cases, various methods of soil stabilization can be used to improve the ground conditions. Though there are various soil stabilization techniques available, use of saw dust Ash (SDA) has been successfully used in recent times to improve the shear parameters of the marginal/weak soils. Among Various stabilizing materials saw dust Ash (SDA) can be used as to enhance the shear strength and bearing capacity of a clayey soil for sustainable use of waste materials and sustainable development of infrastructures in a rapid urbanization. Saw dust is a natural waste material obtained from sawmills, timbering works etc., which creates health and environmental problems if not disposed-off in scientific manner. This is available in abundance at a very low cost and can be easily used as a stabilizing material not only to improve poor/unsuitable construction sites for sustainable construction but also to avoid its disposal problems. Therefore, this project presents some studies on strength properties of clayey soil stabilization with saw dust Ash. The SDA randomly distributed in clayey soil samples were tested for its engineering properties by performing CBR and Unconfined test on a number of samples by using the different percentage of saw dust Ash and comparing the results with non-stabilized soil. The test results revealed that the strength significantly improves with the inclusion of SDA and also prevents the sampling from cracking.

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Sawdust Ash , Soil Stablization ,Bearing Capacity, Clay Stablization

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Anumand Labhumaya Makara Heartfelt Revenge

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Anumand Labhumaya Makara Heartfelt Revenge

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Introduction:- This study investigates the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding measles vaccination and associated risk factors among medical students at Jalal-Abad State University (JASU), Kyrgyzstan. Measles, a highly contagious viral disease, remains a significant global health challenge, with recent resurgences linked to declining vaccination rates and misinformation. Objective:- The objective was to assess student understanding and identify gaps in vaccination practices to inform public health strategies. Methodology:- A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted using an online survey distributed to medical students across all academic years. Data from 206 respondents were analyzed using SPSS software version 29.0, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Key demographic data and responses were summarized to evaluate KAP dimensions. Result:- Results showed that while 89.3% of students recognized measles as a viral and airborne disease, vaccination rates were suboptimal at 53.9%. Key risk factors identified included incomplete vaccination (70.6%), international travel (72.8%), and environmental conditions like low humidity (43.7%). While most participants (79.6%) acknowledged the importance of vaccination, misconceptions about antibiotics (41.5%) and uncertainty regarding vaccination schedules persisted. Conclusion:- The study concludes that targeted educational initiatives, catch-up vaccination programs, and advocacy for vaccine adherence are critical to mitigating measles outbreaks among student populations. These findings underscore the need for integrating public health strategies into medical curricula to bridge gaps between knowledge and practice.

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MedStudentsResearch, Measles, KAP, JASU

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The world increasingly relies on fossil fuels, leading to environmental concerns such as climate change and air pollution. Biofuels, derived from renewable biomass sources, offer a promising alternative. Biorefineries, which integrate biomass conversion into a range of valuable products, play a crucial role in the sustainable production of biofuels. Biofuels and biorefineries present a promising avenue towards a sustainable energy future. This paper explores the potential of biofuels as renewable alternatives to fossil fuels, examining their production methods, challenges, and environmental impacts. Furthermore, it delves into the concept of biorefineries, emphasising their role in maximizing resource utilization and promoting a circular bioeconomy.

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Biofuels, renewable biomass sources, biorefineries, sustainable energy, fossil fuels environmental impacts, bioeconomy, natural Resources, biodiesel, lignocellulosic biomass,

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The formation of the human primary and permanent dentition is a strictly regulated process. A spatiotemporal cascade of signalling pathways leads to the development and eruption of the human dentition. Any irregularities in the shape, size, quantity, and position of teeth might cause deviations from their normal development. This chapter covers all developmental dental anomalies in both dentitions, emphasising the genetic, systemic, environmental, and local variables that contribute to them. A overview of the findings, clinical consequences, and current treatments is provided for each aberration. Dentists should be aware of these developmental dental defects because they may be connected to systemic diseases or disorders.

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primary and permanent dentition, dental malformations, tooth abnormalities, and developmental disturbances

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International student mobility reflects the growing interconnectedness of economies and cultures in the 21st century. Over the past two decades, global education has undergone significant changes, with traditional host countries like the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia maintaining leadership roles while emerging destinations such as Canada, China, and the UAE gained prominence. This shift highlights a move towards a more diversified educational ecosystem that meets the needs of a broader range of students. China and India have remained dominant as the top sending countries, together accounting for over 55% of global outbound mobility in 2023. Additionally, regions like Africa and Southeast Asia, led by nations such as Nigeria and Vietnam, have seen rising participation due to growing middle-class populations and limited domestic education opportunities. The COVID-19 pandemic further influenced these trends, accelerating the adoption of hybrid learning models and promoting regional education hubs. This paper analyses international student mobility between 2000 and 2023 through comparative data and visual representations. It highlights key trends, challenges, and opportunities, concluding with actionable recommendations for encouraging equitable and sustainable global education systems through collaboration, innovation, and adaptability.

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International Student Mobility, Global Education Trends, Comparative Analysis, Sustainable Education Systems

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The brachial artery, which continues in the axillary artery, is a vital blood vessel in the upper arm. It is necessary to supply oxygen-rich blood to the arm and forearm. Beginning at the lower border of the teres major muscle, the brachial artery travels distally down the medial surface of the humerus before dividing into the radial and ulnar arteries near the cubital fossa. Because of its physical placement, the artery is crucial for several clinical procedures, such as blood pressure monitoring and venipuncture. Its importance includes understanding traumatic injuries, vascular diseases, and upper limb surgery. Medical professionals need to understand the anatomical landmarks and variations of the brachial artery in order to ensure accurate diagnosis and effective treatment approaches. Understanding its physiological function and pathological conditions can enhance clinical outcomes in cardiology, surgery, and emergency medicine.

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brachial artery, ulnar artery, venipuncture, cubital fossa, pulse ,blood pressure, median nerve, axillary artery, teres major muscle, higher bifuracation, radial artery,

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A heart attack may increase the likelihood of experiencing cardiac arrest. Cardiac arrest can happen suddenly and without warning. CPR serves as an emergency intervention for the immediate management of a heart attack and Cardiac arrest if the heart stops beating. CPR is essential for maintaining the circulation of oxygenated blood to the brain and other vital organs until professional medical assistance can restore the heart's function.

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Heart Attack, Cardiac Arrest, Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, Vital Organs, Oxygenated Blood, Compressions, Airway, Breathing.

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salivary gland diseases , mucocele , ranula, salivary duct ,sialodenitis

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Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that impairs memory, cognition, and daily functioning, with early diagnosis being essential for managing its progression. This research explores a deep learning-based approach to detect Alzheimer's stages from MRI scans, using several neural network architectures: Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), and a transfer learning model based on InceptionV3. To address the challenge of class imbalance inherent in medical datasets, this study employs Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) and extensive data augmentation. The models classify MRI images into four categories: Non-Demented, Very Mild Demented, Mild Demented, and Moderate Demented. Experimental results demonstrate that the InceptionV3 model achieves the best performance, with significant improvements in classification metrics due to data augmentation and synthetic data generation. This study highlights the potential of deep learning frameworks in early Alzheimer's detection, providing insights into the application of advanced machine learning techniques in medical imaging.

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Alzheimer's Disease, neurodegenerative disorder, MRI scans, deep learning, Artificial Neural Networks, Convolutional Neural Networks, transfer learning, InceptionV3 model, class imbalance, Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique, SMOTE, data augmentation, Alzheimer's stages classification, medical imaging, early diagnosis, feature extraction, validation accuracy, loss metrics, cognitive decline, model interpretability, data preprocessing techniques, CNN architecture, ANN, AUC (Area U

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In ancient Indian knowledge systems, women held a significant place as contributors, practitioners, and preservers of knowledge across disciplines such as philosophy, science, medicine, literature, and the arts. Their wisdom was revered, and many women earned recognition as scholars, sages, and artists. In ancient Indian civilization, women were not only active participants in the social and cultural domains but also made significant contributions to the various intellectual and spiritual fields. From philosophy and science to literature and the arts, the role of women in shaping Indian knowledge systems is profound and often underappreciated. While the historical narrative has been dominated by male scholars and practitioners, numerous women in Indian history have been recognized as philosophers, scholars, scientists, and artists in their own right. Their works and influence continue to inspire contemporary thought in multiple disciplines, illustrating the richness and diversity of India's intellectual heritage. Philosophy and Spirituality Women have always been central to the philosophical and spiritual traditions in India. In the Vedic and post-Vedic periods, women were acknowledged for their philosophical and spiritual insights. The Upanishads, which are among the oldest philosophical texts, feature several women philosophers. Gargi Vachaknavi, one of the prominent sages, was known for her intellectual prowess in philosophical debates with great male scholars like Yajnavalkya. Similarly, Maitreyi, another wise woman from the Upanishadic tradition, is credited with profound philosophical ideas about the nature of the self and reality. These women were not only revered for their intellect but also played a pivotal role in shaping the spiritual discourse of the time.

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WOMEN IN INDIAN KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS: CONTRIBUTIONS AND REPRESENTATION

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This study explores feminist perspectives in the works of Asif Currimbhoy, an eminent Indian playwright whose plays delve deeply into socio-political issues and human relationships. By examining select plays such as The Refugee, The Doldrummers, and Monsoon, the paper highlights how Currimbhoy portrays the struggles, resilience, and agency of women in patriarchal settings. It investigates the nuanced ways in which his female characters challenge societal norms, embodying themes of empowerment, resistance, and self-assertion. The study further examines the relevance of these feminist themes in contemporary times, particularly in the context of ongoing debates around gender equality, intersectionality, and women's rights in India and beyond. By linking Currimbhoy's feminist undertones to modern feminist movements, the paper aims to underscore the enduring significance of his plays as a source of critical insight and social commentary. This research contributes to the broader discourse on feminist literary criticism, situating Currimbhoy's works as both a reflection of and a response to evolving gender dynamics.

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Gender equality, Patriarchal structures, Post-colonial theory, Intersectionality, Subaltern voices, Women's agency, Socio-political struggles, Economic independence

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The increasing prevalence of invasive fungal infections in nosocomial settings is attributed to a rise in immunocompromised individuals, including patients with HIV, cancer, and those undergoing transplant procedures. This review categorizes various oral fungal and protozoal infections, outlining their clinical features and management strategies. Oral candidiasis, including hyperplastic, erythematous, and pseudomembranous types, often presents as white, scrapable plaques, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. Aspergillosis, primarily caused by Aspergillus species, arises from spore inhalation, leading to serious respiratory tract infections and potentially necessitating surgical intervention alongside antifungal therapy. Cryptococcosis, stemming from Cryptococcus gattii and C. neoformans, can lead to severe CNS symptoms and requires ongoing monitoring post-treatment. Histoplasmosis, driven by Histoplasma capsulatum, and blastomycosis, caused by Blastomyces dermatitidis, commonly manifest in respiratory symptoms and involve intricate treatment regimens. Mucormycosis, often linked to COVID-19 complications, is an aggressive infection requiring swift identification and surgical intervention. Geotrichosis presents with oral mucosal lesions and necessitates antifungal treatment for severe cases. Rhinosporidiosis, a chronic granulomatous disease, primarily affects the nose, and effective management usually involves surgical excision. Other infections like toxoplasmosis and leishmaniasis exhibit diverse symptoms, necessitating tailored therapeutic approaches. Fungal infections show rising trends in healthcare settings, emphasizing the importance of recognition and management to improve patient outcomes in increasingly susceptible populations.

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Fungal disease, protozoal disease, oral cavity.

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Modern African poetry focuses on issues the Poets have faced in Africa and highlights how indigenous cultures have nourished literature with substance for future scope. Emerging poets such Morgan Parker is changing the landscape of poetry with their unique forms of writing and storytelling. Morgan Parker, an American poet and novelist is the author of Magical Negro. Morgan considered Poetry as one of the most universal weapons of human expression since it epitomises diverse human experiences in a comprehensive and well-documented manner.

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Modern, African Poetry, Black Ethos, Condemnation, Black Culture

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The evolution of 5G technology demands antennas with superior performance to meet the requirements of high data rates, low latency, and enhanced energy efficiency. This paper presents a detailed study on the enhancement of a 5G MIMO antenna using metamaterials. Three antenna designs were analyzed: a quarter-wavelength (?/4) antenna, a half-wavelength (?/2) antenna, and a half-wavelength antenna integrated with metamaterials. The performance metrics, including resonance frequency (Fr), return loss (S11), transmission coefficient (S12), and gain, were systematically compared. The ?/4 antenna achieved an S11 of -24.07 dB, an S12 of -33.29 dB, and a gain of 5 dB at 2.44 GHz. The ?/2 antenna showed an S11 of -24.57 dB, an S12 of -25.04 dB, and a gain of 3.59 dB at 2.43 GHz. Notably, the ?/2 antenna with metamaterial integration demonstrated a significant improvement in performance, with an S11 of -18.16 dB, an S12 of -33.40 dB, and a gain of 6.43 dB at 2.4 GHz. These results highlight the potential of metamaterials to enhance antenna performance in terms of gain and isolation, making them a promising solution for next-generation 5G MIMO systems.The evolution of 5G technology demands antennas with superior performance to meet the requirements of high data rates, low latency, and enhanced energy efficiency. This paper presents a detailed study on the enhancement of a 5G MIMO antenna using metamaterials. Three antenna designs were analyzed: a quarter-wavelength (?/4) antenna, a half-wavelength (?/2) antenna, and a half-wavelength antenna integrated with metamaterials. The performance metrics, including resonance frequency (Fr), return loss (S11), transmission coefficient (S12), and gain, were systematically compared. The ?/4 antenna achieved an S11 of -24.07 dB, an S12 of -33.29 dB, and a gain of 5 dB at 2.44 GHz. The ?/2 antenna showed an S11 of -24.57 dB, an S12 of -25.04 dB, and a gain of 3.59 dB at 2.43 GHz. Notably, the ?/2 antenna with metamaterial integration demonstrated a significant improvement in performance, with an S11 of -18.16 dB, an S12 of -33.40 dB, and a gain of 6.43 dB at 2.4 GHz. These results highlight the potential of metamaterials to enhance antenna performance in terms of gain and isolation, making them a promising solution for next-generation 5G MIMO systems.

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5G MIMO, metamaterials, antenna design, return loss (S11), transmission coefficient (S12), gain enhancement, ?/4 antenna, ?/2 antenna, resonance frequency, next-generation wireless systems

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This study offers a comprehensive overview of the tea supply chain that exists in Assam. In addition, it also deals with the adoption of green practices within the tea industries of Assam, showcasing the region's unwavering commitment to sustainability and environmental stewardship. Emphasizing the significance of green practices, particularly in light of the prevailing climate circumstances, the research delves into the current state of adoption in selected tea estates scattered across Assam, with a focus on operational and logistical functionality. The findings reveal that while some tea estates have embraced green practices, ample opportunities for advancement and broader adoption still exist. Notably, the study highlights the growing utilization of renewable sources of energies, such as solar power, to operate tea factories and reduce dependence on fossil fuels. This paper also tries to highlight the tea supply chain in context of Assam. The tea supply chain is constructed based on inputs from various managers, tea board members, and other important stakeholders. To the best of our knowledge, no such specific work has been done in documenting the supply chain of the tea industry in the context of Assam and this is the novelty of this paper. It divides the supply chain of tea industries in three categories. In conclusion, the abstract emphasizes the challenges and future prospects for the adoption of green practices in the tea industry of Northeast India. It recognizes the necessity for ongoing collaboration among stakeholders, including government agencies, tea estates, and local communities, to overcome barriers and expand sustainable initiatives. Moreover, the abstract underscores the potential for sharing best practices and knowledge with other tea-producing regions worldwide.

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Tea Supply Chain, Green Practices, Tea Industry, Logistics, Operations, Sustainability

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Stroke remains one of the key public health problems in the modern world, being the second most common cause of mortality and a leading cause of disability, which makes the primary prevention of this disease and its complications extremely important. The purpose of this research is to predict the outcomes of the stroke with the help of the machine learning algorithms. A convolutional neural network was suggested to be coupled with a well designed long short term memory. Also, seven more classifiers were also used as baseline models: logistic regression, random forest, extreme gradient boosting, k-nearest neighbour, artificial neural network, long short-term memory, and convolution neural networks. Utilising a health care dataset that comprises health characteristics of 5,110 individuals, systematic training was conducted. To address data imbalance, minority class synthetic over sampling techniques have been used

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Convolution Neural Network (CNN), Transformers, Medical Image Analysis, Image, Deep Learning

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