Volume 13 | Issue 1

 Abstract

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This review paper explores various strategies for assessing post-disaster damage and optimizing resources, focusing on artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques. The research explores attention-based models, Fully Convolutional Networks (FCNs), multi-objective optimization, semi-supervised semantic segmentation, U-Net, and applications of Q-learning. Each method demonstrates distinct advantages in improving the accuracy, speed, and efficiency of disaster response initiatives. Key aspects involve using aerial images to assess damage, enhancing flood mapping, and distributing resources through reinforcement learning. These developments provide crucial tools for managing crises, enabling swift and precise evaluations and decisions in aftermath scenarios.

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Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), Post-disaster damage assessment, Resource allocation, Attention-based models, Fully Convolutional Networks (FCNs), U-Net, Q-learning, Deep Q-learning (DQN), Multi-objective optimization, Semantic segmentation, UAV imagery, Reinforcement learning, Disaster management, Meta-heuristic algorithms

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Natural colours have been used on earth's surface since prehistoric times as a way to exhibit creativity. The use of earthy hues in narrative has been explored in a wide variety of contexts. the storytelling that tells the tale of how people have shown their artistic abilities. The use of organic colours and natural pigments derived either directly or indirectly from nature helped the art of miniature paintings, which was first introduced in India by the Pala dynasty in the form of decorated books, to develop. Then, all of the top schools, including Rajasthani, Mughal, Pahari, and others, explored the similar strategy of using natural colour application to create themes and subjects. Since there are no chemicals in the hues, sustainability is their guiding principle. Additionally, the paintings' subject matter represents a celebration of nature. The investigation of a few chosen miniature artworks will serve as the foundation for the research. The responses from the art community and other associated organisations will be gathered to conduct a survey on the use of natural themes and hues in miniatures.

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Dhundar, miniature painting, pigments,

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In this theoretical study, a mathematical model is developed to carry out a systematic analysis of flow behaviour in a two-dimensional vessel (modeled as artery) with a locally variable shaped constriction. An artificial artery, which containing a viscous incompressible fluid that representing the flowing blood can be treated as inflexible vessel. The shape of the stenosis in the arterial lumen is chosen to be symmetric as well as asymmetric about the middle cross section is perpendicular to the axis of the vessel. The constricted 1 is resolved into a straight el and the entire resulting aquations are solved hu numerical.

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Two-dimensional vessel, Artificial artery, Incompressible, Stenosed artery, Reynolds number, Resistance, asymmetric

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Uracil and its derivatives are considered as a revolutionary discovery in the development of drugs, due to their broad spectrum of antiviral and anti-tumour properties. Hence, investigating the molecular characteristics of uracil including its related compounds is essential. In this study, computational quantum chemical (CQC), Pharmacokinetic and biological characteristics have been computed for Uracil-5-Secondary Sulfonamides. These molecules have been extensively characterized using FT-IR, FT-Raman, NMR (13C 1H) and UV-Vis spectroscopic methods by means of empirical as well as computational analysis. Density functional Theory (DFT) assessments were executed utilizing "B3LYP/6--31+ G (d, p) & B3LYP/6--311+ G (2d, p)" component patterns in order to get the molecules' appropriate geometrical attributes. Gauge-independent atomic orbital (GIAO) method it was utilized to ascertain whether the chemical shifts in NMR and UV-Vis spectra. Hyperpolarizabilities, energy diagrams for Computed were the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMO) and highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMO). In addition, Pharmacokinetic properties (ADME/T), drug likeness, bioactivity score, logP, dissociation constant have been computed using Molinspiration, Swiss ADME, Chem Axon and pkCSM.

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Quantum Computational, Spectroscopic, FT-IR, FT-Raman, NMR and UV-Vis

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nterpolation is a fundamental concept in numerical analysis, used to estimate unknown values within the range of a discrete set of known data points. This paper provides a comprehensive study of interpolation methods, their mathematical foundations, and their practical applications across various domains. We discuss classical methods such as polynomial interpolation, spline interpolation, and piecewise interpolation, along with advanced techniques like radial basis functions and machine learning-based interpolation. The paper also explores error analysis, stability, and computational efficiency associated with these methods. Furthermore, applications in engineering, science, and data visualization are highlighted. Emerging trends and challenges, including handling high-dimensional data and adaptive interpolation techniques, are also discussed to provide insights into the future of interpolation in numerical analysis.

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Polynomial Interpolation*,Spline Interpolation*Machine Learning-Based Interpolation,Error Analysis and Stability*

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Biomarker is an important feature, which is quantified and evaluated objectively as an indicator of the healthful biological process, unhealthy processes, and pharmacological responses to a therapeutic intervention. These biomarkers may be circulating whole blood, serum or plasma, excretions or secretions, which are stool, urine, sputum, or nipple discharge, and are analyzed forever without invasion works. Alternatively, biomarkers are generated from tissue specimens that would, therefore, require biopsy or specific imaging for their evaluation. Inherited genetic biomarkers can be discriminated as a person's entire blood cell, sputum, or buccal cells are sequence-differences that should come from germ line DNA. Somatic genetic biomarkers are identified from mutations within DNA from tumor tissue. A marker of the presence of cancer in the body is referred to in the context of cancer as a biomarker. "In most situations, the biomarker could be a molecule released by a tumour or the body's particular response to the presence of cancer." In a summary, the biomarkers with regard to cancer application for diagnosis, prognosis, and epidemiology should be in genetics, epigenetics, proteomics, and imaging. Nonetheless, few numbers of cancer biomarkers can be highly sensitive and specific for detecting cancer. : These biomarkers are not generally ready for use due to the difficulty currently experienced in the clinical validation to improve patient's long-term survival by determining early disease detection, diagnostic, and monitoring of disease.

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biomarker, cancer; diagnosis; prognosis, pathophysiology, Healthful biological proces, Inherited genetic biomarkers, Somatic genetic biomarkers.

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The present study has investigated the association between the Organizational Climate (OC) and Job Satisfaction (JS) of the respondents. The study also tried to find the OC as an important forecaster of JS of the employees. Findings of the study portray that demographic variables namely age, monthly income, educational qualification and experience have significant association with employee perception towards OC. The result of the study also discloses that positive relationship exists between OC and JS.

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Organizational climate, Job satisfaction, MSME

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This study investigates the influence of perfectionism on psychological well-being and life satisfaction among 250 undergraduate students from Tiruchirappalli district, Tamil Nadu. Data collection employed the Burns Perfectionism Scale (1983), Psychological Well-Being Scale (Bhogale & Jai Prakash, 1995), and Satisfaction with Life Scale (Diener et al., 1985). The research findings suggest that perfectionism significantly impacts adolescents' psychological well-being and life satisfaction. Demographic variables, such as birth order and year of study, were found to influence these constructs, while gender and locality showed no significant effect. These findings underscore the importance of balancing high standards with self-compassion to promote mental health. The study contributes to the understanding of perfectionism's role in adolescent well-being and offers insights for promoting healthier personal growth and achievement.

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perfectionism, psychological well-being, life satisfaction, adolescence, demographic variables.

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Abstract This study investigates the effect of coaching on performance in aptitude and reasoning tests Aptitude and reasoning test are widely used in academic admissions employment processes and competitive examination to assess problem-solving abilities logical reasoning and critical thinking skills coaching is often employed as a preparatory strategy to enhance test performance. The research aims to examine the extent to which structured coaching programs influence test outcomes focusing on improvements in speed accuracy and confidence level among participants A mixed-method approach combining quantitative analysis of test scores and qualitative feedback from participants is adopted to assess the impact comprehensively . The study involves a sample population of test takers divided into groups those who did not pre-and post-test scores are analysed to measure performance differences factor such as the duration content quality and teaching methodologies of coaching programs are also considered to understand their effectiveness Preliminary results suggest that coaching significantly enhances test performance performance, particularly in section requiring pattern recognition numerical problem- solving and verbal reasoning however the findings also indicate variability based on individual learning styles motivation and prior knowledge the study concludes with recommendation for optimizing coaching strategies to ensure equitable benefits for diverse learners This research contributes to the growing discourse on the role of preparatory intervention in standardized testing and offers insights for educators policymakers and test developers

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Key words: Effect On Coaching, Coaching Aptitude And Reasoning Test, Performance Test Preparation Skill Enhancement, Learning Strategies,

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In the modern business landscape, customer support plays a critical role in shaping customer experiences and building brand loyalty. With the growing demand for instant responses and 24/7 availability, organizations are increasingly exploring artificial intelligence (AI) solutions to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of their customer service operations. This project aims to design and develop an intelligent customer support chatbot that leverages machine learning (ML) and natural language processing (NLP) techniques to deliver automated, yet personalized, customer assistance. The core objective of this project is to build a machine learning-based chatbot capable of understanding and responding to a wide array of customer queries in real-time. Traditional customer service models often require significant human resources, leading to high operational costs and long response times. By integrating an AI- powered chatbot into the customer support process, businesses can streamline operations, reduce response time, and provide customers with timely, accurate information. This would not only improve operational efficiency but also enhance overall customer satisfaction by offering quicker resolutions to customer issues.

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Customer Support Chat-Bot with ML, Natural Language Processing, Information Retrieval, Machine Learning.

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Bone pathologies of the jaw are a diverse group of conditions that can significantly impact oral health and quality of life. This review provides an overview of the etiology, diagnosis, and management of various bone pathologies affecting the jaw, including osteogenesis imperfecta, cleidocranial dysplasia, and other rare conditions. We discuss the clinical and radiological features of each condition, as well as current treatment options and future directions for research. This comprehensive review aims to provide clinicians and researchers with a thorough understanding of bone pathologies of the jaw, facilitating accurate diagnosis and effective management of these complex conditions.

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Bone Pathologies, Clinical features, Radiographic features, Histopathological features, Treatment.

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The paper investigates the performance of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Bihar from 2017 to 2021, focusing on their critical role in the state's economic development. It identifies challenges such as limited financial access, poor infrastructure, outdated technology, and inadequate market linkages, which hinder the sector's growth and competitiveness. Despite steady growth in the number of MSMEs, Bihar lags behind states like Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal in expansion and employment generation. The study highlights opportunities for growth through government support, public-private partnerships, and sector-specific initiatives, particularly in food processing, textiles, and handicrafts. Emphasizing the importance of improving credit access, infrastructure, and technology adoption, the paper suggests targeted policy measures and skill development programs to enhance the sector's potential. It concludes with recommendations for evidence-based policies and collaborative efforts to address these challenges and promote sustainable MSME growth for balanced regional development in Bihar.

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MSMEs Bihar Employment Infrastructure Technology Development

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The Bhartiya education system is in the process of revamping, but there is still a long way to go. This article explores recent trends in the Bhartiya education system as it revamps. We are in an age of digitization, and technical advances have an effect on nearly every part of our lives on a continuous basis, from the way we connect to the way companies are run. Here we focus on How can eLearning play a role in improving government-run schools in India? For this research we interrogated with school- college students, government as well as private teacher and also collect the opinions from some caching institutes. eLearning is a growing topic in the Indian market and researchers have forecasted that there is great potential in this field in the upcoming years. In this paper, we seek to characterize the topical, methodological, theoretical, and geographical trends of recent education system in science and technology. India wishes to become a Vishwa-guru. Though, in order to do that, it has to educate its own rural populace. Now, how could a country of 1.2 billion, with a crunch of resources, educate its young generation, which is her main dividend? India's educational system is transitioning from textbooks to tablets. eLearning exploded in the 2000s as internet speeds improved, and it is now even more engaging because of mobile learning, gamification, and AI. India education system has made significant progress, but there are still some gaps that need to be addresses. Let's take a look at this evolution. Study clearly indicated that young people look at technology as a pathway for creative expression.

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Competency, E.learning, Education system, Technology, skill development

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Diclofenac tablet is non-steroidal anti inflammatory drug [NSAID] used to treat mild-to-moderate pain and helps to relive symptom of arthritis .The creation of alernatives to treat severe dependent on dose gastrointestinal [GI], cardiovascular [CV], in NSAID pharmaceutics. It can inhibit prostaglandin synthesis by blocking cyclooxygenase[ COX]. It shows some crucial side effect. Biological activities and drug-likeness indicate that all the analouges of DCF have lower action of gastrointestinal hemorrhage. By 2027, the diclofenac, arket is expected to grow to a value.

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Diclofenac Sodium, NSAID, COX1 & COX2, coated tablet, hydropropyl cellulose

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This phenomenological study had been undertaken to explore the lived experiences of families faced with and without Covid-19 pandemic in a selected rural area of Southern India. Data were gathered using semi-structured in-depth interviews with open ended questions from participants representing 27 families using purposive sampling. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants before the data collection. The data was analyzed using the phenomenological method of Colaizzi. The findings revealed the emergence of three major themes viz., (1) voyage of emotional turmoil, (2) building resilience, adaptation and cohesion and (3) affirming of faith.

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Lived Experiences, Resilience, Adaptation, Cohesion, Families, COVID-19 Pandemic.

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The cultivation of crops on land periodically throughout the year is a cropping pattern. This proposed work aims at prediction of major cropping patterns through only the cultivation-related factors like land, soil, and climate data using Machine Learning techniques. On a suitable land, farmers can grow many types of crops and there is a need of knowing the right cropping patterns to attain best profits. In the current agriculture sector, there are the changes of reduction in crop yield, crop damages if farmer choose the random method of cropping. This is because proper crop yield depends on many agriculture parameters like temperature, rainfall, soli type, season etc... Machine learning unsupervised learning algorithms applied to process the agriculture data and to predict the cropping patterns. Algorithms like Eclat algorithm used. The primary objective of this project work is to identify the best algorithm for predicting cropping pattern. Very less existing works on this pattern prediction, all existing works uses ready libraries for prediction and only model developed. Existing works uses static datasets for prediction. Existing works cannot be applied in real time. So, in our proposed system we collect datasets manually and we build an automation for cropping pattern prediction useful for farmers and agriculture departments. System developed using tools such as Visual Studio front end tool and SQL Server as back-end tool and we use more compatible and real time application supportive programming language C#.

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The impact of Make in India (MII) initiative on the self-reliance of Indian Industries after completing a decade of its launch has been studied in this research. A case study research method was employed to evaluate trade performance of selected Pharmaceutical, Textile, and Defence industries from CY13-22. Their self-reliance was measured quantitatively, in an absolute and relative sense, through 2 variables: Trade Balance (Export Revenue- Import Expenditure > 0) and Self-reliance Ratio (Export Revenue/ Import Expenditure > 1). The improvement in the self-reliance status of chosen industries was then assessed with CAGR of aforementioned 2 self-reliance variables. The GoI initiatives were also covered for a qualitative analysis and discover a scope of value addition to exports of respective industries. Both Pharmaceutical and Textile industries have become self-reliant but the latter has shown lack of growth in its self-reliance. Whereas, Defence industry of India is yet to achieve self-reliance. A scope of export value addition was discovered in each industry. Hence, self-reliance is the value addition capability of a nation after minimizing or eliminating the import dependency and preserve its sovereignty.

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Self-reliance, Make in India (MII), Trade Balance (TB) and Self-reliance Ratio (SR Ratio).

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This paper examines the role of media in the contemporary farmers' movement in Haryana, India, particularly in the context of the protests against the three farm bills of Indian government. Media, in its various forms, traditional news outlets, social media, and independent news platforms, has played a pivotal role in shaping the movement's trajectory, influencing mobilization, framing issues, and impacting public opinion. Traditional media initially helped publicize the protests, though its coverage was often polarized, with some outlets framing the protests as politically motivated while others highlighted the economic grievances of farmers. Social media, on the other hand, emerged as a key tool for organizing, coordination, and creating a counter-narrative, helping to amplify the movement on a global scale. Independent media and citizen journalism also provided alternative perspectives, often challenging mainstream portrayals and giving voice to marginalized groups within the movement. This paper highlights how media, particularly digital and independent platforms, have reshaped the dynamics of modern social movements, enabling more inclusive discourse and mobilizing diverse support bases. The farmers' movement in Haryana serves as a significant case study for understanding the transformative power of media in contemporary civil resistance movements

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Social Movement, Farmers' Movement, Social Media, Three Farm Laws

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Abstract: Background: Sudarshan Kriya (SKY) is a breathing technique practiced globally for stress management and well-being. This review aims to synthesize existing research on SKY's effects on physical and mental health. Methods: 1. Literature search: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. 2. Inclusion criteria: Peer-reviewed studies, English language, human subjects. 3. Exclusion criteria: Reviews, case reports, non-English studies. Results : Eight research were deemed eligible for inclusion. Results for Physical Health: (1) Lower blood pressure (BP). (2) Better cardiovascular health. (3) Enhanced immunity. (4) Less oxidative damage. Mental Health Results: (1) Less worry and stress. (2) Depression and mood improvements. (3) Better mental performance. (4) Higher-quality sleep. Conclusion: Sudarshan Kriya has health benefits for both the body and the mind, such as lower blood pressure, better cardiovascular health, and less.

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Stress management, breathing techniques, Sudarshan Kriya, physical and mental health

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