Volume 12 | Issue 1

 Abstract

Security from crime, fear and victimization at the State, local and personal levels is an important basis for economic and social development. In a growing number of States around the world, providers of civilian private security services offer a variety of services focusing on the prevention of crime. These include, inter alia, the enhancement of community safety and, in some instances, measures to increase the likelihood of offender apprehension. The growth of mass private property, such as shopping malls, football stadiums, and the growing risk of terrorism, which means that greater protection is required at places at risk from such attacks. In India, the ratio of private security to police is estimated to be 4.98 to 1, with the number of private security personnel estimated at over 7 million. We cannot deny the contribution made by Private Security Agencies and Private Detective Agencies in crime prevention. They are joining their hands with other governmental agencies depending on the needs. This paper deals with the role of private security and detective agencies in crime prevention in India and abroad.

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Policing, Private Security and Detective Agencies, Crime Prevention

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In India for recent years, water scarcity is the principle inconvenience. To overcome these issues, people initiated to burrow bore well. In our nation, the vast majority of the people are agrarian and they depend on the water for irrigation system. Children involuntarily fall into the bore well which yielded water and left revealed. The process of saving the trapped child into bore well is relatively challenging. At present, the rescuing task is accomplished by the method for burrowing a parallel pit close to the bore well with the same depth of the child and makes a passage that interfaces with the two wells

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Blynk 2.0, IOT (Internet of Things), Sensor Technology, Camera, Robotic Arm, Ultra Sonic Sensor, Motor Driver, DC Motor, ESP 32

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Today is the information Era and the concept of digital libraries is the revolution by Information and communication technology (ICT). Every Libraries are getting automated. Automation of Libraries are given easy service to computerised collections and saving the time of librarian and users also. The traditional closed access libraries are shifting towards automated e-library. Digital Libraries saves a lot of time as very little effort is sufficient to collect proper details about collections. And also provide charts and graphs depicting data for various years so that they facilitate easy comparison one of the impacts of the digital revolution on Digital Libraries has been to bring about changes in the utilization of physical space. Every Library is getting Digital today and many software programs are available in the market. Saral is one of the best software for libraries. Saral is a simple, easy-to-access and copyrighted software. It is available at a small price and provides full automation facilities. Currently more than 70 colleges using this software for automated their libraries.

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Automation, Software, Library, ICT.

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RESEARCH ABSTRACT Menopause is the end of menstruation. Menopause is usually natural, but can be induced. Natural menopause usually occurs between the age of 45 to 55 years. The average age of menopause worldwide is 51 years but in India it is just 46.2 years. Women's reproductive and sexual health has a distinct difference compared to men's health. Disproportionately low representation and discrimination in research studies of women has been addressed in United States and other western nations. It has also been noted that women often visit the gynaecologist lately and take quite less interventions and precautions to face it. Hence it is necessary to assess the knowledge regarding menopausal symptoms and its management. Aim : to assess the knowledge regarding menopausal symptoms and its management among women in selected urban and rural areas of Kamrup, Assam. Method & Material : A non-experimental comparative research design was used to accomplish the objectives. Study was undertaken among 68 women in urban and 68 in rural in selected areas of Kamrup, Assam by using convenient sampling technique. Self-structured knowledge questionnaire on menopausal symptoms and its management was used was used to assess knowledge regarding menopausal symptoms and its management among women. Modified Health Belief model was used as conceptual framework. Results : in urban area, 37(54.5%) had adequate knowledge, 28(41.2%) had moderately adequate knowledge and 3(4.4%) had inadequate knowledge of menopausal symptoms and its management. In rural area, 39(57.4%) had moderately adequate knowledge, 17 (25%) had adequate knowledge and 12(17.6%) had inadequate knowledge of menopausal symptoms and its management. Conclusion : The study revealed that women in urban had adequate knowledge and the women in rural area had moderatedly adequate knowledge regarding menopausal symptoms and its management.

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Knowledge, Menopause, Menopausal Symptoms, Management, Women, Urban, Rural

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Alzheimer "disease is a debilitating condition that results in the gradual destruction of brain cells, ultimately leading to dementia and impeding the affected individuals from carrying out their daily activities. While the treatment of this disorder is still in its nascent stages, early intervention and diagnosis hold promise for slowing down its progression. The utilization of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain has emerged as a potential tool for the early detection of Alzheimer disease. To accomplish this, it is imperative to develop automated systems that can not only identify individuals with Alzheimer but also distinguish between the four distinct phases of the disease. The objective is to provide insights into the future of Alzheimer disease research, specifically in the context of stage prediction. The discussion centers around the application of various Machine Learning and Deep Learning methodologies and the advantages they offer in tackling this complex challenge. As part of this exploration, the article also delves into the limitations associated with deep learning techniques. Furthermore, several machine learning models are critically assessed to ascertain which approach holds the most promise for effectively addressing the multifaceted problem of Alzheimer disease diagnosis and stage prediction. This holistic approach aims to contribute to the development of more accurate, efficient, and reliable tools for the early identification and classification of Alzheimer disease, ultimately advancing our ability to combat this devastating" condition."

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Clustering, Support Vector Machines (SVM), and additional techniques like K-nearest neighbor, Random Forest, Decision Tree, Convolutional Neural Network, and Recurrent Neural Networks.

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Image enhancement is a pivotal aspect of computer vision, seamlessly blending the realms of art and science. Its importance is underscored in various applications, including high-quality digital imaging, where the aim is to reveal hidden details and enhance contrast in low-quality images. The techniques employed in image enhancement offer a versatile toolkit for addressing challenges such as noise reduction, degradation, and blurring. This comprehensive overview combines insights from various research papers, presenting a spectrum of image enhancement techniques and algorithms, with a particular focus on spatial domain methods. By synthesizing these perspectives, this paper serves as a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners striving to develop efficient solutions in the field of digital image processing.

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Multi-Scale Retinex (MSR) and Luminance Inversion,image manipulation, Image recovery, Spatial and Frequency Spectrum Domain, Histogram.

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The present work aims to find out dimensions of service quality and to develop a scale for measuring Service Quality with reference to Tourism Industry of Uttar Pradesh. The study is based on primary data using a sample of 200 tourists (out of which 138 responses were fit to be used) who have visited Ayodhya, Prayagraj, Structured questionnaire was made to study various touring objectives. The result identified eight factors of service quality i.e., Money Value, tourism experience, Hospitality, Timely And Accurate Information, Facilities, Security, Affordable Price, Health & Hygiene) in the Tourism Industry of Uttar Pradesh. The paper has been concluded by summarizing the work and providing directions for future research.

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Tourism industry, dimension, Health and Hygiene, Affordable Price, tourists

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MANET has shown to be very successful in remote sectors, such as emergency services, disaster management, military applications, and the automation sector.Our main goal is to evaluate the network's performance using both live video feeds and static graphics. We start this assessment with transfer learning using image datasets on the networks.The next action is to assess the prediction accuracy for the same object in still images and live video streams. A range of accuracy percentages are identified, documented, and displayed in subsequent sections.Verifying if prediction accuracy varies for each CNN that is chosen is a crucial performance evaluation criterion.As an alternative to the existing distance finding approaches and semantic-based methods, the implementation of the Quadratic Assignment Problem (QAP) optimization strategy provides a novel approach to enhance document analysis and categorization.By extracting textual content from image data, the algorithm's accuracy is significantly increased.When processing a variety of photos, including ones with a wide range of features and complexity, the GSA technique proved to be robust.Moreover, contrasting the GSA's performance with other state-of-the-art optimization techniques would enable us to better understand its effectiveness in image classification.

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Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA), Mobile ADHOC Network (MANET), Quadratic Assignment Problem (QAP)

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A Light IoT, a small and safe communication solution, is recommended for data sharing across the healthcare infrastructure's equipment.

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IoT, Healthcare, Data, Communication, Security

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Due to climatic changes, the marine planktonic system is affected worldwide, potentially causing a rise in the severity and intensity of harmful algal blooms. However, the lack of fundamental knowledge about the mechanisms behind harmful algal blooms, forecasting their future prevalence is challenging. There are viable concerns about the factors that influence the extension and initiation of HABs. To know the processes that control the growth of HABs, it is necessary to answer fundamental questions about the occurrence, extent, intensity, and timing in each system. In the past few years, harmful algal blooms coming from the unrestricted proliferation of algae occur often throughout the world's coastal water, causing significant ecological damage, toxic contamination of aquatic life, major economic losses due to decreasing tourism, and in some cases even human fatality. In many countries, according to numerous studies it is reported that algal blooms caused immense economic loss has their impact on fish and shellfish culture. Therefore, Understanding the correlation between rising water temperatures, nutrient cycling, and the emergence of harmful algal blooms is paramount due to their devastating consequences. The occurrence of bloom will depend upon numerous factors such as nutrient input, upwelling of water, flow condition, water condition (PH, turbidity), temperature and local ecology interaction of organisms within and with the environment. These blooms can inflict lasting damage on marine ecosystems, disrupt nutrient cycles, endanger aquatic life, compromise water quality, and pose a threat to human health and economies that depend on coastal resources. Exploring this connection is crucial for making reliable decisions on variations due to climatic changes, resource management, and environmental conservation initiatives. This guarantees that our oceans remain robust and preserves the welfare of both ecosystems and communities. Several factors influence the level of eutrophication of water bodies' flow rate, retention time, pollutant concentration, and standing or flowing system, fast Moving water bodies require more concentration of phosphorus and nitrogen inflow aid to prevail in eutrophic condition, while gradually moving water bodies are more vulnerable to the effect of enrichment due to higher detention time. This study examines the influence of climate change on Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs), including changes in temperature, stratification, light availability, ocean acidification, and nutrient inputs. It aims to fill research gaps in HAB initiation and growth, recognizing their significant consequences on ecosystems and human health. Additionally, it investigates the influence of flow rate, retention time, pollutant concentration, and water system type on eutrophication, offering insights for mitigation and management.

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climatic changes, planktonic system, harmful algal blooms, coastal water, aquatic life.

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The presence of depression among any individual has been a serious problem in personal as well as public health. A large amount of people including students are suffering from the depression but not all are getting overcome by adequate treatment. This depression, commonly known to people by the word Stress is a psychological condition which reduces the amount of sleep and affects almost each and every aspect of life. Thus this paper is proposed to provide an effective method able to detect the cognitive stress levels amongst students using various techniques. Though not every stress is harmful, sometimes it can be used for constructive purpose; the high level of stress among the student generation can lead to adverse impact on them which cannot be useful for their personal development. Thus, it became necessary to study the techniques by which the presence of stress can be known.

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Keywords--stress detection,Depression,Classification algorithm,data.

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Hand gesture recognition has garnered significant attention due to its applications in diverse fields such as human- computer interaction, sign language translation, and virtual reality. This review paper presents a comprehensive survey of the advancements in hand gesture recognition using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). The utilization of CNNs, a class of deep learning algorithms, has revolutionized the accuracy and robustness of gesture recognition systems by enabling the extraction of intricate spatial features from image data. The paper delves into the key approaches and architectures employed for CNN-based hand gesture recognition, highlighting the evolution of model designs and their efficacy in capturing gesture intricacies. The review encompasses an analysis of various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and training strategies utilized for training CNN models. It examines the performance metrics commonly employed for evaluating these models, including accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. Real-world applications, ranging from immersive gaming experiences to assistive technologies for differently-abled individuals, are explored, underscoring the practical implications of CNN-driven advancements in the field. Moreover, this survey critically discusses the challenges faced by CNN-based gesture recognition systems, such as dealing with varying lighting conditions, hand poses, and gesture complexities. The paper offers insights into future directions, including multi- modal fusion and enhanced real-time performance, to further improve the accuracy and applicability of hand gesture recognition using CNNs

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Hand Gesture Recognition, Convolutional Neural Networks, CNN Applications, Deep Learning in Gesture Recognition, Spatial Feature Extraction, Gesture Analysis Techniques, Human-Computer Interaction, Real-World Applications.

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Data Security victimisation Image Steganography is Associate in Nursing art of concealment the very fact that communication is taking place, by hiding data in another information. The proposed system uses steganography technique to include more security to the information for the purpose of improving data security. Many different media file formats can be used for image steganography. However, digital images are the most popular because they are widely used on the Internet to hide sensitive data or confidential information in images. There are many steganography techniques, some of which are more effective. They have their own advantages and disadvantages. Different applications have different requirements for the steganography technology used, because, for example, in some applications, secret information may have to be completely invisible, while in other applications, larger secrets must be hidden news. This project is used to hide the message within the image. For a more secure approach, the project allows the sender or the user to select any BMP cover image with the secret text or the confidential text data and hide it into the image with the bit replacement, it helps to generate more secure steganographic image. The steganographic image is sent to the destination with the help of private or public communication network as per the choice of the sender like e-mail, whatsapp or any other medium. On the other side receiver downloads the steganographic image and using the software retrieves the secret text hidden in the steganographic image.

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Image Steganography, Bitmap, Least Significant Bit algorithm

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Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.), is widely destributed throughout the world and belongs to the Fabacecae family. It is an old medicinal plant and has been commonly used as a traditional food and medecine. Fenugreek is known to have hypoglycemic, and hypocholesterolaemic effects. Recent research has identified fenugreek as a valuable medicinal plant with potential for multipurpose uses and also as a source for preparing raw materials of pharmaceutical industry, especially steroidal hormone. It is a rich source of calcium, iron and other vitamins. In this study after a general discussion of physio-chemical constituents. This review includes antidiabetic effect, antioxidant activity, antibacterial and antifungal, anti-inflammatory , gastro protective, anti-cancer and to treat cardiovascular diseases. Also, different evaluation test for the Fenugreek plant.

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Methi, Ayurvedic, Antioxidant, seed.

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Land and water are two most precious and important natural resources for the survival of all living beings and agricultural development. According to survey conducted by Karnataka State Natural Disaster Monitoring Centre (KSNDMC); North Karnataka and Coastal regions have been a declining trend in rainfall. The year 2023 is witnessed for 'Green Drought' which is generally a period when there is limited rainfall due to which there is growth of new plants, but the growth is frail. Karnataka experiences droughts when the southwest monsoon remains weak. Over last 2 decades Karnataka has faced 11 droughts, Drought causing severe stress to the masses and agriculture. The impact of drought can be grouped as social, ecological, and economic. Drought is a threat to wide range of man and living organisms and has a huge impact on ecology as well. Drought needs prevention and priority for sustainable future and betterment of the farmers. Water conservation is the best way to mitigate the drought and water should be used wisely with utmost care.

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KEYWORDS: Concept of drought, its impact on society and environment, strategies for mitigate.

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One of the important structures, which is prone to damage is water tank. Due to increase in urbanization, there are large numbers of elevated water tanks which are constructed. Therefore to evaluate the performance of elevated water tanks under seismic load is primarily important. The present study deal with evaluating the performance of a double Base Isolated elevated water tank (intze tank) is evaluated under far field and near field earthquakes. For the double base isolated water tank, the isolators are installed at bottom of tank and in the mid-way of staging. To typify the performance of double base isolated water tank, its seismic responses were also compared with the case of single base isolated (isolator at the base only) and fixed base counter parts.

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Base Isolation, seismic responses, isolators, mid-way of staging, fixed base etc.

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Since time immemorial, one of the primary function of the state has been to maintain law and order and ensure the sustainability of justice. A plea bargaining is a contractual agreement between the prosecution and the accused upon receiving some consideration. This article examines the origin of the concept, its development and the attitude of the Indian judiciary towards plea-bargaining. Finally it provides a detailed information about the pros and cons of plea bargaining and the steps which to be included in the current justice system to make the improvement.

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Plea-bargaining, Criminal Justice System, Indian judiciary, Trial, Criminal

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Mouth ulcer is one of the common disorders caused due to variety of etiological factors. The two most common causes of oral ulceration are local trauma (e.g. Rubbing from a sharp edge on a filling) and aphthous stomatitis ("canker sores"), a condition characterized by recurrent formation of oral ulcers for largely unknown reasons.4 Ulcers are an open sore of the skin or mucus membrane characterized by removing of inflamed dead tissue. The mouth ulcer often caused pain and discomfort and can alter the person choice of food while healing occurs. The foremost common oral ulceration is Aphthous stomatitis. This review focuses on the causes of mouth ulcer and factors in charge of the mouth ulcer. There are various synthetic drugs which are available to treat mouth ulcer. As we all know herbal medicine is that the most stay of primary healthcare thanks to better culture acceptability, better computability with natural object and lesser side effects. And the literature also revelaed that there are various medicinal plants which can be utilized within the treatment of mouth ulcers. Therefore, this review summarises about the medicinal plants which could be used for the treatment of mouth ulcer as drug

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Mouth Ulcer, Herbal , Treatment , Stomatitis , Sores

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In recent times, the concept of human rights has become an essential part and important pillar in establishing a blissful world. Human rights require the protection of the very foundation of human beings, which is dignity and freedom. The significant role of human rights necessitates a detailed understanding of the concept of human rights, which can be grasped through its meaning, definitions, nature, and classification. The present paper explains the meaning of human rights and also analyses their nature. The paper also emphasized the clarification of the definitions of human rights. Besides, the paper also comes up with different methods of classification of human rights, such as on the basis of generation, on the basis of the nature of the rights, on the basis of the beneficiary, etc.

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Human rights, Classification of human rights, Nature of human rights, Generations of human rights, meaning of human rights

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