Volume 6 | Issue 1

 Abstract

The objective of this research work was to produce a carbon dioxide emission free cementitious material. The geopolymer concrete is such a vital and promising one. In this present study the cement is replaced by GGBS(Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag) and Fly Ash .The Alkaline liquids used in this study for the polymerization process are the solutions of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium silicate (Na2SiO3). A 10 Molarity solution was taken to prepare the mix. The cube compressive strength was calculated for 10 M solution for different mix Id i.e. G10F90, G20F80, G30F70, and G40F60 (Where F and G are, respectively, Fly Ash and GGBS and the numerical value indicates the percentage of replacement of cement by fly ash and GGBS). The cube specimens are taken of size 150 mm x 150 mm x 150 mm. Ambient curing of concrete at a temperature of 35-400c was adopted. In total 6 cubes and 3 beams were cast for different mix Id and the cube and beam specimens are tested for their compressive strength at age of 7 days, 14 day and 28 days respectively. The result shows that geopolymer concrete gains strength with increase in the GGBS content without water curing at ambient temperature. Also the strength of Geopolymer concrete was increased with increase in period of curing.

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Geopolymer concrete

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By using GBFS which is a by-product of steel industry as a fine aggregate, we can save the natural resources and environment. The GBFS provides durability and better engineering properties and the elliptical shape which helps in enhanced thermal properties. The experiment helps in find out the economical and technical features of the product by conducting different tests like economical mix proportions, compressive strength, to meet the standards and to develop eco-friendly building block. Since, it is designated as Green Building Material it would help to get GRIHA (Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment) as well as the LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) certification. Systematic laboratory tests were carried out with different proportions of cement, river sand and slag sand to compare the quality, durability and technical feasibility.

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Concrete Bricks, Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), Ground Granulated Blast furnace Slag (GGBS), Granulated Blast furnace Slag (GBS).

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The rate of montmorillonite is more in black cotton soil which causes expansiveness and crack occurs in soil without any warning which is dangerous for construction. Such expansive soils are very susceptible to detrimental volume changes with changes in moisture content. Expensive soils because of their speci?c physical & chemical make are subjected to volume changes. In this study nano chemicals terrasil and zycobond used for soil stabilization. In this investigation Cement is used in the constant proportion of 3% of amount of soil and the nano chemicals terrasil and zycobond are used are 0.6kg/m3, 0.8kg/m3, 1kg/m3, 1.2kg/m3 of each. uncon?ned compressive strength test is performed after the curing period of 7days, 21days,28days.Free swell index test is performed for the proportions of 0.6kg/m3,0.8kg/m3,1kg/m3,1.2kg/m3of terrasil and zycobond.

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Terrasil, Zycobond, Soil Stabilization, Strength, Black cotton soil.

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India has an enormous growth in steel industry and Slag is a byproduct of the same which has to be disposed properly. Steel industry generate large quantities of Slags from their iron-making and steel-making processes. Iron making Slags are recycled in cement making and steel-making Slags are dumped because they are unsuitable for the cement industry owing to the high iron content and other impurities. Reuse of waste in integrated steel plants is important with regard to environmental and economic consideration. LD Slag is a byproduct of the iron ore and steel making industry. It is produced in large quantities and poses a substantial disposal problem. The letters LD means Linz and Donawitz, towns in Austria where the process was invented. The generation of LD Slag in Indian steel plants is about 200 kg per ton of hot metal produced. Out of this only 25% is being reutilized in India compared to 70-100% in other countries. The objective of the present study is to study the possibility of using LD Slag as partial replacement of coarse aggregate and to compare the properties of the proposed concrete with that of existing conventional concrete. An experimental investigation was carried out to evaluate the effect of replacing coarse aggregate by LD Slag on flexural strength and compressive strength of concrete. Coarse aggregate was replaced with three percentages (1%, 2% and 3%) of LD Slag by volume in M25 grade of concrete with 0.5 water cement ratio (w/c).

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LD Slag, Partial Replacement

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Developing an accurate finite element model of an ankle joint is a challenging task and time consuming. The objective of this paper is to model, simulate and analyze the effects of loading on the viscoelastic behavior of human articular cartilage at the ankle joint. Dataset of a healthy male volunteer is to taken to reconstruct a detailed three-dimensional model of an ankle joint. The bone models are segmented into two types of bones - cortical and cancellous according to the Hounsfield unit. The ankle model consists of tibia, fibula, talus, calcaneus, cuboid, navicular bones cartilage. The cartilages were constructed using prony series viscoelastic properties. . The ankle joint is modeled in CATIA V5 and Analysis is performed in ANSYS 16.1 Workbench. Two kind of Analysis, Static and Transient Analysis were conducted on the cartilage and its replacement materials like Poly Vinyl Alcohol (PVA) and Polyethylene glycol (PEG) and Von-Mises Stresses and deformations along Z axis are tabulated for different forces. From the simulation results one can conclude that PVA and PEG can replace the cartilage for the said conditions.

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Neural networks, face recognition, fuzzy system, Neuro-fuzzy.

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Several technical challenges exist with casting technology yet it can be used to overcome this problem. Achieving a uniform distribution of reinforcement within the matrix is one such challenge, which affects directly on the properties and quality of composite material .In the present study a modest attempt would be made to develop Aluminium based silicon carbide particulate MMCs with an objective to develop a conventional low cost method of producing MMCs and to obtain homogenous dispersion of ceramic material. To achieve these objectives two step-mixing method of stir casting technique has been proposed and subsequent property analysis has been made. Aluminium (98.41%) and SiC (320-grit) has been chosen as matrix and reinforcement material respectively. Aluminum alloys are widely used in aerospace and automobile industries due to their low density and good mechanical properties, better corrosion resistance and wear, low thermal coefficient of expansion as compared to conventional metals and alloys. The excellent mechanical properties of these materials and relatively low production cost make them a very attractive candidate for a variety of applications both from scientific and technological viewpoints. The aim involved in designing aluminum based metal matrix composite materials is to combine the desirable attributes of metals and Ceramics.

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desirable attributes of metals and Ceramics

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The availability of a system, machine or equipment for production or service is the key parameter to improve the productivity of any organization. The failures cannot be avoided completely but can be reduced through proper maintenance programme which can be developed if one can predict the occurrence and mode of failure in advance. Hence, it is the responsibility of managers to keep track of their machines or equipment and make available for maximum run hours with minimum failures. This will also help them in improving the reliability of the machines/equipment. This study is taken up to identify the failure and run modes of TSRTC buses to improve the availability and the customer satisfaction. The data regarding the bus failures and run hours for the period of 32 months has been collected and trend is analysed using graphical methods and also tested for presence of correlation.

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Trend, Failure mode, Availability, Time between failures (TBF), CTBF, Run Time

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Drying is veryimportant process in the manufacture of POP (Plaster of Paris) Sheets which are usedfor false ceilings in households.Efficient drying of POP sheets gives proper finishing and consumes less time. Generally these POP sheets are dried in open atmospheric condition which takes long time to dry. The main aim of this project is to design, fabricate and test the solar dryer to reduce the drying time of the POP sheets.The project work is carried out based on the requirement of a small scale industry located at Piduguralla, Guntur district, A.P. which manufactures POP sheets. The design of a solar dryer consists of absorber plate made of GI sheet and reflector plate made of Steel sheet which is placed at the backside of the dryer.The test results gave temperature about 45OC by modifying the experimental steps. The experiment conducted to remove the moisture by keeping the sheets inside the dryer. The test results have shown that the moisture removed was more than 50% when they are kept in the dryer compared with the drying in open atmosphere. The test results were compared by modifying the experimental setup by replacing steel sheet with clear polyvinyl sheet, to decrease the cost of solar dryer. The moisture removed from POP sheets with this setup is almost same as that of POP sheets dried in open atmosphere. Hence it is suggested to use a solar dryer with steel reflector at the backside.

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Solar dryer, POP sheets, polyvinyl sheet

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The present work shows, to anticipate the work piece displacement in face turning under dry machining condition. Present work, concentrates on the improvement in machinability during vibration assisted turning of the AISI 4140 steel has been investigated using FFT analyzer. The effect of work piece displacement due to vibration on the tool wear is examined. The axial vibration amplitudes in feed direction obviously increase with increasing the feed rate. Predicted load in Y- direction for all test conditions is observed. The correlation between tool wear and displacement due to vibration analysis is done.

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Displacement, face turning, Tool wear, FFT, and vibration

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Multi walled Carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are creating a center of attention in scientific and industrial attention by good feature of their distinctiveness. Present research is on Fabrication and depiction of E-Glass Fiber Composites developed by MWCNTs. The Factors deemed for present problem are Weight of MWCNTs, Methodology to disperse MWCNTs in epoxy, Orientation of the E-glass fiber. Fabrication of E-Glass Fiber Composites was carried out with respect to the ASTM standards D3039-76 and Tensile Testing was performed. The results show that the nano-particulated composite plate can be manufactured by considering less nano-particles stirred with probe sonicator and plied up with hybrid orientation

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Carbon Nanotubes, Composite material, Charecterization of materials.

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Alumina and zirconia toughened alumina powder were characterized for the properties such as phase purity, particle size and surface area. Both formulations were uni-axially pressed in a compaction die and pressure less sintered at 1550oC to achieve close to theoretical density. For the sake of comparison, the formulations were also vacuum encapsulated and Hot Isostatically Pressed into identical density values at 1350oC and 150MPa pressure. Specimens processed by both techniques were evaluated for the microstructure and fractographs are recorded. Based on microscopic studies the possible mechanisms for the evolution of microstructural features is proposed in the present study. Results will be presented during the conference.

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; Uniaxial Compaction; Isostatic Compaction; Fractography

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Semisolid metal processing or Thixoforming is a developing technology where the material is processed in the freezing range. Thixoforming process results in components with better mechanical properties as compared to conventional processes. The material at this temperature is very soft and as a result lower loads may be applied to obtain the final shape of the component. Process parameters like ram speed, temperature of the billet and die temperature influence the mechanical properties like tensile strength, hardness and wear behavior of thixoformed component. In the present study an attempt is made to understand the effect of process parameters on the mechanical properties of aluminum alloy by carrying out experimental studies. The results indicate the significant influence of billet temperature and die temperature on the tensile strength and hardness of the material.

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Thixoforming, A356, Mechanical Properties, experimental study.

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In the present work, by using Taguchi Robust Design methodology the End milling of EN-19 steel alloy is carried out in order to minimize the Cutting temperature and to optimize the milling process parameters. The selected milling process parameters are Cutting Speed, Feed rate, Depth of cut and coolant flow. Taguchi orthogonal array is designed with three levels, four factors and nine experiments using L9 (34) orthogonal array. The nine experiments are performed and cutting temperature is measured. Results obtained by Taguchi Method, shows that the factors affecting the cutting temperature using ANOVA, are found to be significant factors and it is concluded that the effect coolant flow is more followed by depth of cut, feed and cutting speed for cutting temperature.It is found that S/N ratio value of verification test is within the limits of the predicted value and the objective of the work is full filled.

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Taguchi Robust Design methodology, Milling Process, EN-19 steel alloyl,Signal to Noise Ratioetc.

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Turning operation is one of the primary machining operations wherein enhanced machining performance is obtained by selection of suitable process parameters. High Strength Low Alloy (HSLA) medium carbon steels (EN24 steel) are considered to possess better mechanical properties than carbon steel. In this experimental study, the effects of machining parameters on functional attributes (surface roughness, corrosion rate, current density, wear rate and co-efficient of friction) of the machined samples are evaluated in turning of EN24 steel. The machining parameters selected are cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut in order to enhance functional attributes of turned components. The result of the investigation revealed that the mentioned machining parameters are necessary and essential to evaluate the functional attributes of HSLA steel effectively.

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Turning, machining parameters, functional attributes, ANOVA.

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Biodiesel (mono alkyl esters) is a cleaner-burning diesel fuel produced using natural, renewable sources, for example, vegetable oils. The utilization of biodiesel in an ordinary diesel engine outcomes in a large reduction of unburned hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and other matter harmful to nature. biodiesel works well with new technologies and catalysts, which reduces the soluble fraction of diesel particulate but not the solid carbon fraction, particulate traps, and exhaust gas recirculation leading to longer engine life. As the fossil fuels are depleting constantly, a need has arrived to produce biodiesel from various feedstocks.An attempt has been made to produce biodiesel from Kusum (Carthamus tinctorius L.) oil and the process parameters namely the methanol-to-oil molar ratio, catalyst concentration, reaction time and reaction temperature for biodiesel production were optimized. Taguchi robust design process was used by taking L9 orthogonal array and analysed the performance parameters that influence the production process. The results showed that the optimum yield of biodiesel was 93.8% with viscosity 5.60 cSt, with a methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 4:1, catalyst concentration of 1.5 wt%, reaction time of 90 min and reaction temperature of 600C. The catalyst concentration was found to be the most influencing parameter which contributed 51.1% and 50.8% of the total effect on the yield of biodiesel, Y1, and viscosity of biodiesel, Y2, respectively. Regression equation was arrived by using ANOVA technique. The multi parameter output such as Yield and viscosity at 400C were optimized using Principle Component Analysis.

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Biodeisel, process parameters, Taguchi PCA method, Kusum oil.

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In this present generation, the computer has evolved a major requirement to solve complex problems. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has found more and more applications in diesel engine research, design and development. Using these experimental tests to reduce the number of investigated parameters as well as time and thus costs. The various successful applications have proven the reliability of using CFD tools to assist combustion in diesel engine research. By using CFD tools effectively it is easy to predict and analyze various details that are technically difficult like in cylinder process of diesel engine combustion, temperature & pressure contours, emissions etc. Combustion is one of the most complicated process in CI engine. The combustion causes rise in the temperature in the combustion chamber, due to the high temperature various parts of the engine are subjected to thermal stresses which cause failure of these components. In order to avoid various failures, it is necessary to make a study of combustion. So, the preventive measures can be taken. In this project, analysis of combustion is done using diesel and turmeric fuel is also used for combustion analysis replacing diesel. Alternate fuel is used, as there is only 30% of conventional fuel is left in our planet. This study is done using CFD tools and got temperature and pressure contours. An engine is modeled in CATIA, meshed using ANSYS ICEM 15.0 and analysis of combustion is done in ANSYS FLUENT 15.0

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Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), combustion, turmeric fuel, diesel fuel.

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In the present study effect of shielding gases in welding process which results in weld bead characteristics of metal was studied. The welding was carried out by using the GTAW(Gas Tungsten Arc Welding)/TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) process. GTAW is very commonly used in the areas such as rail, car manufacturing, automotive and chemical industries. The materialInconel718 is a nickel-based super alloy generally used at elevated temperature applications including turbine engines and power generation because of its superior mechanical properties. In the present experimentation, An attempt was made to study the weld characteristics of Inconel718alloy weld samples with different shielding gases of Argon and Argon-hydrogen gas.

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GTAW, shielding gases, Hardness, NDT, Ultrasonic Test

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Hybrid Composites, Mechanical Properties

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The comprehensive body of knowledge that has built up with respect to the friction stir welding (FSW) of aluminum alloys since the technique was invented in 1991 is reviewed on this paper. Methods/Analysis: The Friction Stir Welding of aluminum alloys with various other alloys and aluminium matrix composites are reviewed on this paper. The basic principles of FSW are described, followed by process parameters study which affects the weld strength. Findings: The microstructure and the likelihood of defects also reviewed. Tensile strength properties attained with different process parameters are discussed. Conclusion: It is demonstrated that FSW of aluminum and other material is becoming an emerging technology with numerous commercial applications.

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Aluminum Alloys, Tool design, Tool Wear, Friction-Stir Welding, Microstructure, Tensile Strength, and AMC

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This paper provides the information regarding the field of severe plastic deformation (SPD), which is an evolving technology in metallurgical sciences in these days. It discusses the severe plastic deformation and the mechanism involved in it. Further, it describes the methods of SPD, its advantages and limitations as well as applications.

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Severe Plastic Deformation, ECAP, CGP, HPT, ARB, RCS, multi directional forging, cyclic extrusion and compression, twist extrusion, ultra-fined grains

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