Volume 13 | Issue 1

 Abstract

Technological intervention in the business world has completely revamped the way businesses are done. Today we live in a digital economy and do transactions through digital markets. Digitalization of business world has benefitted both, the firms as well as the consumers. Doing business through digital platforms while is convenient and much cheaper for the businesses, it also opens a plethora of choices for purchasing goods and services for consumers. The dual benefit feature of digital markets functioning through digital platforms have made digital economy florish like never before. While all is good with the digitalization of doing business, there are however concerns as to the protection of interest of consumers as well as the competing firms. While dealing with these concerns is not new to any competition authority, dealing with such concerns in digital markets is certainly a challenge. The challenge lies in the untravesed contours of the digital world. The digital world though appealing, is not not insulate to the vices of unfair business practises. Digital Markets, a result of digitalization of business, are a new concept and have unique charateristics unknown in the scenario of traditional markets. Technology upgrading every minute makes it difficult to study the these markets and their possible outcomes on consumers, businesses and the economy as a whole. This opaqueness offers a breeding ground for unfair practises to flourish making the consumers vulnerable and existing competition between firms ,unfair and unjust. The traditional markets stand replaced by digital markets which work in complex webs of network effects and data mining. These markets functioning through digital platforms involve multiple players at the same time making analyses of the effect of any unfair business practice extremely difficult for competition authorities. The criteria for determining dominance and its adverse effect on the market have changed making the traditional tools ineffective to curtail any unfair business practice. The integration of technology into our daily lives and the all-pervasive nature of it has made the impact of anti-competitive conduct in Digital Markets a topic of discussion among governments and policymakers. Much research is being conducted by policymakers and various organizations in studying the negative impact of these technological innovations on markets and their way of doing business, as well as consumers and other competing firms. A basic understanding of the functioning of these markets has made it clear that the existing competition regime with its enforcement tools is ineffective in identifying and controlling the anti-competitive business practices in the digital markets. it is suggested by policymakers and lawmakers to either revamp the existing competition enforcement regime or frame a new competition regime that is adaptable to the challenges of technological innovations and use.

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Digital Economy, Competition and Digital Economy, Understanding Digital Markets, Role of Competition Policy in Digital Markets, Challenges faced by competition policy in Digital Markets

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भारत एक उभरती हुई अर्थव्यवस्था है, जिसकी ऊर्जा आवश्यकताएँ लगातार बढ़ रही हैं। ऊर्जा संसाधन किसी भी देश की आर्थिक और सामाजिक प्रगति का मूल आधार होते हैं। भारत, प्राकृतिक संसाधनों की प्रचुरता के बावजूद, ऊर्जा के क्षेत्र में आत्मनिर्भर बनने के लिए विभिन्न परियोजनाओं पर निर्भर है। इन प्रमुख ऊर्जा परियोजनाओं का उद्देश्य देश की बढ़ती ऊर्जा मांग को पूरा करना, सतत विकास को प्रोत्साहन देना, और पर्यावरणीय संतुलन बनाए रखना है। इनमें जलविद्युत, थर्मल पावर, सौर ऊर्जा, पवन ऊर्जा, जैव ऊर्जा और परमाणु ऊर्जा परियोजनाएँ शामिल हैं। भारत सरकार और विभिन्न राज्य सरकारें इन परियोजनाओं को सफल बनाने के लिए निरंतर प्रयासरत हैं।

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परियोजनाएँ ,पैनल, न्यूक्लियर, वाणिज्यिक, मीटरिंग

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This article examines lesions characterized by multilocular radiolucencies, essential for differential diagnosis. Key lesions include odontogenic keratocyst, ameloblastoma, central giant cell granuloma, cherubism, odontogenic myxoma, aneurysmal bone cyst, central hemangioma, and other vascular lesions. Due to varying clinical characteristics, management strategies differ. Notably, clinicians must consider vascular lesions when evaluating multilocular radiolucencies.

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Multilocular radiolucencies, Odontogenic tumors, bone lesions, Radiographic diagnosis, Ameloblastoma, Odontogenic Keratocyst

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Elizabeth Wright states, "A well-taken case is half cured." Highlighting how crucial case-taking is. To the physician understanding the patient as a whole--i.e., emotionally, mentally, and physically--is what case-taking means, not just gathering data about them which requires the doctor-patient relationship, and it begins with the patient's first conversation with the doctor. Therefore, it is crucial to keep up this relationship throughout the case as it will have a significant positive effect on the patient's emotional health. This case highlights the importance of this relationship which ultimately led to the well-being of the patient.

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Case Taking, Doctor- Patient Relationship, Rapport

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भारतीय संविधान, विश्व का सबसे विस्तृत और लोकतांत्रिक संविधान, भारत के सामाजिक, राजनीतिक, और आर्थिक परिदृश्य को आकार देने का आधार स्तंभ है। 26 जनवरी 1950 को लागू किया गया यह संविधान न केवल एक दस्तावेज़ है, बल्कि एक जीवन दर्शन है जो भारत की विविधता, समृद्ध संस्कृति, और लोकतांत्रिक मूल्यों को संरक्षित करता है। संविधान के निर्माण में डॉ. भीमराव अंबेडकर सहित संविधान सभा के कई विद्वानों और नेताओं का योगदान अविस्मरणीय है। यह न केवल नागरिकों को मौलिक अधिकार प्रदान करता है, बल्कि उनके कर्तव्यों को भी रेखांकित करता है। भारतीय संविधान की सफलता उसकी लचीली संरचना, धर्मनिरपेक्ष दृष्टिकोण, और समयानुकूल संशोधन की क्षमता में निहित है।

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लोकतांत्रिक, संघीय, धर्मनिरपेक्षता, अल्पसंख्यक, समसामयिक।

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White lesions in the oral cavity encompass a range of conditions from benign to potentially malignant. Common causes include leukoplakia, lichen planus, oral candidiasis, frictional keratosis, oral submucous fibrosis, and hairy leukoplakia. These lesions may result from trauma, infections, autoimmune disorders, or neoplastic changes. Accurate diagnosis through clinical examination, patient history, and biopsy is essential, particularly for lesions with malignant potential. This review focuses on the clinical presentation, differential diagnosis, and management strategies for white oral lesions, emphasizing the importance of early detection and appropriate intervention to prevent progression and improve patient outcomes.

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White lesions , Oral mucosa , Precancerous conditions

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Stachtophagia is a condition characterized by incessant desire and consumption of Ash by an individual. It is classified as a subtype of pica and has same diagnostic criteria as of pica (in which non food substance is ash). Despite its clinical significance, this rare condition is frequently underreported and often goes undiagnosed. This case series highlights three paediatric cases of stachtophagia successfully managed with individualized homoeopathic treatment. The efficacy of the interventions was objectively assessed using the Pica, ARFID, and Rumination Disorder Interview (PARDI) score, comparing pre- and post-treatment outcomes.

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Stachtophagia, Pica, Homoeopathy, PARDI

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Verapamil is used to treat high blood pressure, and there is interest in creating a new HPLC method to measure the drug concentration and distribution in rat bodies. Using a gradient elution technique with a buffer containing 1 mL of FA in 1 L of HPLC-grade water and a mixture of two components, such as buffer and ACN, in a 60:40 ratio as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1 mL/min over a good linear concentration range, chromatographic separation was accomplished on a Symmetry C18 column. The outcomes of the recovery study, precision, matrix effect, and extraction recoveries are all within an acceptable range. This technique was used to distribute verapamil throughout the rat's head, body, and tail. In accordance with UFDA rules, we discovered that the medications remained stable throughout the stability tests. Verapamil bioavailability experiments have been conducted effectively for the first time using the proven technique

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Verapamil, Bioanalytical method, validation, ICH guidelines, Bioavailability study

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The memories of major historical events that took place from 1885 to 1947 in the Indian sub-continent are deeply etched in the conscience of most Indians. These events included the decisive Third-Anglo-Burmese War of 1885 leading to the annexation of Mandalay and exile of King Thebaw and Queen Supayalat to India. It further marked the emergence of INA which fought against the British in 1944-45 and kindled the morale of many Indian soldiers serving the British army. However, hardly ever does one get to know and understand the unaccounted stories of the ordinary people who survived and witnessed those times or the engagement and reaction of the masses at such historically important junctures. In The Glass Palace, Amitav Ghosh reconstructs the lives of all those ordinary humans who endured such conditions by narrating their journeys in the backdrop of the period from 1885 to the late 19th century. Ghosh pulls them out of oblivion by firmly establishing the presence of characters like the migrant orphan boy, Raj Kumar of Chittagong who builds wealth and influence in Burma while reaping benefits from the historically crucial point of rapid deforestation and urbanisation of British-ruled Burma, while also becoming a catalyst for increasing Indian immigrant population by transporting Tamil labourers from India for years. It acknowledges the dilemma third-generation Indian soldiers like Arjun of Kolkata serving the British army, could have faced in fathoming his right position in the colonial period and his decision to defend India by quitting the British army and joining INA. The research paper aims to analyse the reconfiguration of this perishable past through the stories of mundane characters in the novel, which not just demystify the past's elusiveness but also help reckon with the hitherto unheard and unknown voices of the times.

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Reconstruction, Amitav Ghosh, past, Ordinary

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 Abstract

गुप्तकाल भारतीय कला और संस्कृति के इतिहास में "स्वर्ण युग" के रूप में जाना जाता है। इस काल में धार्मिक, सांस्कृतिक, और कलात्मक विकास अपने चरम पर था। हिंदू धर्म के विभिन्न देवी-देवताओं की पूजा का व्यापक प्रसार हुआ, जिसमें सूर्य प्रतिमा का विशेष महत्व था। गुप्त काल में सूर्य-प्रतिमा का रूपांकन और उनके स्वरूप में महत्वपूर्ण विकास हुआ, जो न केवल धार्मिक आस्थाओं को अभिव्यक्त करता है, बल्कि तत्कालीन समाज के सांस्कृतिक और कलात्मक आयामों को भी प्रकट करता है।गुप्तकालीन कला में सूर्य देव को एक महत्त्वपूर्ण स्थान प्राप्त था, क्योंकि सूर्य को प्राचीन काल से ही ऊर्जा, जीवन और प्रकाश का प्रतीक माना गया है। भारतीय मूर्तिकला में सूर्य की प्रतिमाओं के विकास की शुरुआत पहले ही हो चुकी थी, परन्तु गुप्तकाल में इसे नवीन शैली और सौंदर्य के साथ उकेरा गया। इस काल में सूर्य प्रतिमा को उनके आराध्य और वैदिक स्वरूप से आगे बढ़ाकर एक सुसंगठित और सजीव आकार दिया गया। सूर्य देव की प्रतिमाओं में उनकी भव्यता और शक्ति को उकेरने का प्रयास किया गया, जो गुप्तकालीन कलाकारों की शिल्पकला की दक्षता का प्रमाण है।गुप्तकालीन सूर्य प्रतिमाओं में विशिष्टता यह थी कि इन्हें विशुद्ध भारतीय शैली में ढाला गया था। सूर्य देव को आमतौर पर दोनों हाथों में कमल धारण करते हुए और अलंकृत परिधान पहने हुए दिखाया गया है। उनके मुखमंडल को प्रभामंडल से घेरा गया, जिससे दिव्य ऊर्जा का प्रतीक माना गया।1 सूर्य प्रतिमाओं में इस काल में मांडूकासन मुद्रा का भी विशेष महत्व था, जिसमें सूर्य को एक ऊँचे मंच पर खड़ा दिखाया गया है। इससे सूर्य की महत्ता और भव्यता को प्रकट करने का प्रयास किया गया।इस काल में सूर्य की प्रतिमाओं को एक पूर्ण विकसित रूप दिया गया, जिसमें उनके चारों ओर विभिन्न प्रतीक जैसे ऊंचे मुकुट, किरणमंडल, और पद्म (कमल) को जोड़ा गया। ये विशेषताएं गुप्तकालीन कला की उत्कृष्टता और नवाचार को प्रकट करती हैं। सूर्य के चारों ओर की गई इस प्रकार की सजावट उनकी अलौकिक शक्ति और गौरव को दर्शाती हैं।गुप्तकाल की सूर्य प्रतिमाओं में गंधार, मथुरा और स्थानीय शैलियों का मिश्रण देखा जा सकता है, जो कलाकारों की विविधता और उनके कला कौशल का परिचायक है। इन प्रतिमाओं के स्वरूप से तत्कालीन समाज में सूर्य उपासना का महत्व भी झलकता है। यह विकास उस युग की धार्मिक और सांस्कृतिक प्रगति का भी प्रतीक है।अतः गुप्तकाल में सूर्य प्रतिमा का विकासात्मक अध्ययन भारतीय कला के इतिहास में एक महत्वपूर्ण पड़ाव है। गुप्तकालीन कलाकारों ने धार्मिक भावना और कलात्मक सृजनशीलता को मिलाकर सूर्य देव की प्रतिमाओं में एक अद्वितीय सौंदर्य प्रस्तुत किया। ये प्रतिमाएँ न केवल तत्कालीन धार्मिक विश्वासों को अभिव्यक्त करती हैं, बल्कि भारतीय मूर्तिकला के इतिहास में भी एक महत्वपूर्ण स्थान रखती हैं।

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सूर्य प्रतिमा, मथुरा कला, गुप्तकालीन मूर्तिकला, भारतीय तत्व, धार्मिक प्रतीक, सारथी अरुण, उषा प्रत्युषा

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The present paper analyses the status of rural women's physical health in a few developing countries of Africa and South Asian countries. It reviews the impact of socio-cultural burden and , mental state on the physical health of women.The matters such as health needs, widespread women's ignorance, women's rights, women's access to available resources, nutritional stress, fertility and reproductive health, gender discrimination and awareness of reproductive health infections are also considered.Women face distinct health challenges compared to men, highlighting the need for targeted and comprehensive research on women's health. This paper encourages researchers in the field to conduct diverse studies aimed at protecting and improving women's overall health.

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Rural, Women ,Health, Developing Countries

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Protein, with amino acids as its building blocks, plays a myriad of functions in the human body. Nearly eight billion people, or half of the world's population, suffer from protein deficiencies, according to the FAO and WHO. Protein deficiency gives rise to protein-energy malnutrition, mainly kwashiorkor and marasmus. These deficiencies can be dealt with by meticulous diet planning and ensuring the intake of protein supplements. Recently, RNA therapies for inherited metabolic disorders, including deficiency of proteins like phenylketonuria and neurodegenerative diseases like Huntington's disease, has been introduced.

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Proteins, Building blocks, Kwashiorkor, Marasmus, Phenylketonuria

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This study is conducted to check the effectiveness of video-assisted teaching program among adolescent knowledge and perception regarding mental health conditions at selected school of Bhopal. It has been observed that the number of cases related to mental health issues is rapidly increasing amongst youths, thus necessitating focused interventions in terms of awareness, understanding, and positive perceptions regarding mental health. A quantitative study design was employed in the research whereby 40 adolescent participants were purposively selected to be evaluated on their knowledge and perceptions both before and after the intervention. Initial appraisal revealed that 87.5% of the participants have moderate knowledge, while 10% have inadequate knowledge, and only 2.5% have adequate knowledge. Additionally, compared to 45% of students who have favorable views on mental health, 55% of them have negative views. Significant progress was seen following the video-assisted instruction program: the mean increase in knowledge was 13.256 (SD = 3.908), and the mean change in perception was 10.923 (SD = 2.370). The success of the intervention is confirmed by statistical analysis using the t-test, which reveals a substantial increase in both knowledge and perception (t = 6.01, p < 0.05 for knowledge and t = 3.41, p < 0.05 for perception). The study itself confirms the potential of multimedia education in raising knowledge and attitudes toward mental health and psychological well-being among the teenagers themselves, even when age, gender, and family background cannot actually be regarded as major predictors of result. The study emphasizes the value of using video-based instruction into school-based mental health programs to impart knowledge and provide support to teenagers in the fight against mental health issues. The adoption of comprehensive educational programs in mental health awareness inside Indian schools and beyond will be further empowered by expanding the findings via more study with a variety of demographics.

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Adolescents, Mental Health, Video-Assisted Teaching, Knowledge, Perception, Educational Intervention, Bhopal, Multimedia Learning.

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E-commerce has revolutionized the way businesses operate, creating new opportunities for growth, while also introducing new complexities in financial reporting and auditing processes. This journal explores the impact of e-commerce on the external audit process, analyzing the challenges, risks, and methodologies employed by auditors to ensure compliance with financial regulations. The paper also examines the evolving role of technology in auditing practices and how auditors can address the unique characteristics of e-commerce transactions.

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E-commerce, Auditing, Finance and marketing services, online business platforms

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Introduction: Infertility affects millions of people and has an impact on their families and communities. Estimates suggest that approximately one in every six people of reproductive age worldwide experience infertility in their lifetime. PCOS is the commonest cause of anovulation and a leading cause of infertility. Hormonal imbalances, irregular periods, high testosterone, ovarian cysts, and irregular ovulation can all result from PCOS, which can also make it more difficult to conceive. Conventional treatment includes the administration of SERM, Gonadotropins and laparoscopic ovarian surgeries which are having more side effects and not much effective to achieve conception. Hence creating an Ayurvedic treatment protocol is indeed crucial for achieving better outcome. Case Presentation: The patient in this case had complaint of failure to conceive with irregularly delayed menses for 2 years. After not achieving satisfactory results with other treatment, she came for Ayurvedic management in OPD of PTSR at ITRA, Jamnagar. Management and Outcome: She was managed with Virechana, Matra Basti and Madhutailika Basti along with Shamanaushadhi. Following this protocol, the patient successfully conceived within 4 months of treatment.

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Ayurveda, Infertility, Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, Anovulation, Virechana, Matra Basti,Madhutailika Basti

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Rybelsus is the first oral medication approved by the FDA for treating type 2 diabetes. It works by targeting the GLP-1 receptor, helping to control blood sugar levels. Taken once a day on an empty stomach, Rybelsus helps the body produce more insulin, reduces sugar production in the liver, and slows down digestion, which makes you feel fuller for longer. However, the body doesn't absorb it easily, so a special ingredient called SNAC is added to improve its effectiveness. Besides managing blood sugar, Rybelsus has other benefits, such as helping with weight loss, reducing inflammation, and improving heart health. Studies show it can lead to significant weight loss and better overall metabolism. Unlike other diabetes medications that require injections, Rybelsus is taken as a pill, making it more convenient and less likely to cause low blood sugar. While most people tolerate it well, some may experience side effects like stomach issues, pancreatitis, or kidney problems. Overall, Rybelsus is a major step forward in diabetes treatment.

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Rybelsus, diabetes, GLP-1, weight, cardiovascular, side-effects, FDA.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The rising need for vegan skin care products is driving a dramatic revolution in the worldwide skincare business. Vegan skincare, which is characterized by the removal of chemicals produced from animals and adherence to cruelty-free testing procedures, has become quite popular among customers who care about the environment and ethics. This change is a result of both a desire for healthier substitutes and a greater awareness of the ethical and environmental consequences of conventional skincare products. In this trend, products that address a variety of skincare requirements, including face wash, face packs, sunscreen, lip balm, and face serums, have taken center stage. These vegan formulas use plant-based components that are well-known for their ability to support healthy, glowing skin, such as botanical extracts, essential oils, and natural antioxidants. They are especially appropriate for people with delicate or allergy-prone skin because of their mild, chemical-free formulas. Furthermore, to ensure safety and long-term skin health, vegan skincare products frequently steer clear of harsh chemicals, parabens, and synthetic additives. Beyond personal use, vegan skincare has environmental benefits. Compared to conventional techniques which depends on resource-intensive animal husbandry, the manufacturing of these products considerably lowers the carbon footprint. Vegan skincare businesses help to preserve the environment and lessen environmental deterioration by using biodegradable and sustainably sourced components. By implementing recyclable or compostable packaging, many businesses further highlight environmentally responsible activities and match their operations with international sustainability standards. Growing consumer awareness of ethical behaviors, the effects of animal agriculture, and the health advantages of plant-based formulations are driving a growing preference for vegan skincare, according to market trends. Because of this desire, the beauty industry has been more innovative, fostering the creation of high-quality, sustainable goods that reflect the ideals of its target market. To sum up, the emergence of vegan skincare signifies a change in the beauty sector, bringing together moral behavior and efficient skincare products. Vegan skincare products have the potential to revolutionize the beauty business and open the door for a more moral and ecologically responsible approach to self-care as people choose cruelty-free and sustainable products.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Phytochemicals, Vegan-based, Skin-health care

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In today's world new media becomes an indispensable part of our lives. Social media handles such as: - YouTube, WhatsApp, Instagram, Facebook and blogs are not only popular among youth but children are their frequent users. New media handles not only facilitate the children with an opportunity to interact with peers but also to enhance their knowledge by exploring informative content. Children spend excessive time on social media which not only hinders their growth, they also become prone to cyber bullying and face several health disorders such as: anxiety, frustration, etc. Parents need to monitor the activities of children so that they get a healthy and safe environment on social media as well as in real life. The main objectives of this study are to find out the most frequently used New Media platform by children and the type of content consumed by them. We need to understand how to reverse the negative impact of media on children and make it more positive. So, the present paper investigates the beneficial and harmful effects of media on the mental and physical health of children. It also suggests the methods to overcome it.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

New Media, Children, Parents, Mental and Physical Health

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Mergers and acquisitions are commonly used strategies by firms to strengthen and maintain their market positions. Currently, the banking sector in India is experiencing rapid growth, and mergers and acquisitions have emerged as a significant development within this industry. This research focuses on the impact of pre- and post-merger financial performance of Canara Bank, one of India's leading public sector banks, examining data both before and after a merger event. To assess the impact of the merger on the bank's financial health, the study employs the EAGLE (Earnings, Asset Quality, Growth, Liquidity, and Efficiency) model,. The analysis covers a four-year period, incorporating financial data from both pre-merger and post-merger phases to identify trends and changes in various financial indicators. The study combines quantitative analysis of financial ratios with qualitative assessments of management strategies and operational efficiencies. Ultimately, it provides valuable insights for banking practitioners and policymakers, illuminating the complexities and dynamics of post-merger financial performance.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Banking Reforms, Merger and Acquisition, Financial Performance, EAGLE Approach.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition