Volume 5 | Issue 1

 Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of ladder drills and Fartlek training on strength endurance among college men volleyball players. Sixty participants, aged 17-23 years, were randomly assigned to three groups: Ladder Drill Group (n=20), Fartlek Training Group (n=20), and Control Group (n=20). The experimental groups underwent 12 weeks of their respective training programs, while the control group continued regular activities without specific intervention. Pre-test and post-test measurements of strength endurance were conducted using the push-up test. The pre-test means were 14.25 (ladder drills), 15.10 (Fartlek), and 14.75 (control), with no significant difference (F=1.38, p>0.05). Post-test means improved to 16.90 (ladder drills), 17.10 (Fartlek), and 15.50 (control), showing a significant difference among groups (F=4.64, p<0.05). Adjusted post-test means confirmed significant improvements for ladder drills (17.22) and Fartlek training (16.82) over the control group (15.46), while no significant difference was observed between the two training methods. The findings indicate that both ladder drills and Fartlek training are effective in enhancing strength endurance in volleyball players, providing coaches with evidence-based options for conditioning programs.

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Volleyball, Strength Endurance, Ladder Drills and Fartlek Training.

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Interval Training, Circuit Training, VO?max and Middle-Distance Runners.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of jump squats and depth jumps on explosive power among volleyball players. Forty-five male collegiate volleyball players (age 17-22 years) were randomly assigned to three groups: Jump Squat Group (n = 15), Depth Jump Group (n = 15), and Control Group (n = 15). The experimental groups underwent their respective plyometric training programs for 12 weeks, while the control group did not participate in any specialized training. Pre- and post-tests on explosive power were conducted, and data were analyzed using ANCOVA at a 0.05 level of significance. The results revealed significant improvements in explosive power for both the Jump Squat Group (pre-test mean = 1.31, post-test mean = 1.44, adjusted post-test mean = 1.42) and the Depth Jump Group (pre-test mean = 1.24, post-test mean = 1.36, adjusted post-test mean = 1.40) compared to the Control Group (pre-test mean = 1.33, post-test mean = 1.34, adjusted post-test mean = 1.31). Post hoc analysis using Scheffe's test indicated significant differences between Jump Squat and Control groups (MD = 0.11), Depth Jump and Control groups (MD = 0.09), while no significant difference was observed between the two experimental groups (MD = 0.02). The study concludes that both jump squats and depth jumps are effective plyometric training methods for enhancing explosive power in volleyball players. These exercises can be incorporated interchangeably or complementarily into training programs to improve vertical jump performance, neuromuscular coordination, and on-court performance.

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Jump Squats, Depth Jumps, Explosive Power, Volleyball Players, Plyometric Training, Vertical Jump

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 Abstract

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Shot put, weight training, gym exercises, and speed

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The present study aimed to analyze cardiovascular endurance differences among university-level football, handball, and volleyball players of Andhra Pradesh. A total of 300 male players (100 each from football, handball, and volleyball), who had participated in inter-university tournaments during the academic year 2011-12, were randomly selected from five universities of Andhra Pradesh. Cardiovascular endurance was measured using the Cooper 12-Minute Run/Walk Test, and the results were analyzed using ANOVA followed by Scheffe's Post Hoc Test. The mean cardiovascular endurance scores were 2717.000 meters for football players, 2574.000 meters for handball players, and 2449.000 meters for volleyball players, with corresponding standard deviations of 119.600, 120.496, and 118.913 respectively. The obtained F-ratio of 125.60 exceeded the critical value of 3.03 at the 0.05 level of significance, confirming significant differences among the groups. Post Hoc analysis further revealed that football players had significantly greater endurance than both handball and volleyball players, while handball players also outperformed volleyball players. The findings highlight that football training strongly develops aerobic capacity, while handball and volleyball players may require supplementary endurance training.

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Cardiovascular endurance, Football players, Handball players and Volleyball players

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This article explores the role of automation in unifying Unix/Linux operations across heterogeneous enterprise infrastructures. It examines how Red Hat Satellite, Kickstart, and Jumpstart collectively provide scalable provisioning, centralized lifecycle management, and governance across Linux and Solaris environments. Satellite serves as the governance hub, integrating compliance and patch management; Kickstart accelerates Linux provisioning with standardized builds; and Jumpstart delivers predictable automation for Solaris. The discussion highlights challenges such as misconfigurations, resistance to change, and cross-platform complexity, alongside mitigation strategies including phased rollouts, testing, and centralized identity management. Industry use cases in finance, healthcare, telecommunications, and government demonstrate how automation improves efficiency, compliance, and resilience. Looking forward, the article considers the future of Unix/Linux operations, emphasizing integration with orchestration platforms, AI-driven predictive analytics, and hybrid cloud governance.

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Unix/Linux Automation, Red Hat Satellite, Kickstart, Jumpstart, Governance, Lifecycle Management.

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Media and politics relationship in the context of India is not only complex, it is also significant. According to the rules of democracy, the media has been largely accepted globally as the fourth arm of governance and it stands out in a strategic place in the political arena. It serves as a primary tool of electioneering, ideology propagation and control over the activities of the government. The Indian media has gone a long way back with its earliest roots in the anti- colonial campaigns up to the print media, emergence of radio broadcasting waves, and the latest uproar that is linked to the digital revolution. The new mediums have sped up the flow of information, and the sphere of political communication has grown with each new medium. As it stands today, media plays a decisive position in election contesting and in the shaping of political discourse that allow leaders and parties to increase and amplify their public status, drive forward programmatic advances and incapacitate opponents. These trends have enhanced political effects of the media. Nonetheless, there are obdurate accusations on the editorial impartiality. Media reporting often has the bias, which can interfere with the results of the election and therefore should be studied systematically. The current argument uses scientific research and current case studies to explain how much media-politics interactions influence the Indian democracy. The stress is put on the demands of media independence and respect of journalistic neutrality.

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Media, Politics, Democracy, Election Campaign, Biased Reporting, Impartiality

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Electromagnetic induction, a principle first discovered by Michael Faraday in 1831, has become a foundational concept in modern electrical engineering. This study investigates the application of electromagnetic induction in household appliances, focusing on its operational principles, technological implementations, efficiency metrics, and comparative advantages over traditional technologies. By examining devices such as induction cooktops, wireless chargers, electric toothbrushes, washing machines, and transformers, the paper highlights how induction enables contactless energy transfer, enhances safety, reduces energy consumption, and promotes appliance longevity. A comparative analysis reveals significant improvements in efficiency and performance in inductively powered devices, positioning them as vital components of energy-efficient smart homes. The research further explores advancements in design, materials, and control systems that support the growing integration of induction-based systems in domestic environments. Findings from prior studies (Brown, 1996; Jones et al., 2005; Kumar & Singh, 2015) reinforce the relevance of electromagnetic induction in achieving sustainable and reliable household technologies. This paper concludes that electromagnetic induction not only enriches current household technologies but also sets a promising trajectory for future innovations in wireless and energy-efficient home solutions.

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Electromagnetic Induction, Faraday's Law, Household Appliances, Induction Cooktops, Wireless Charging, Inductive Power Transfer, Energy Efficiency, Induction Motors, Smart Home Technology, Non-contact Energy Transfer

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Currently India has taken a major initiative on developing the infrastructures such as express highways, power projects, and industrial structures to meet the requirements of globalization in the construction field, which involves the construction of buildings and other structures. Concrete plays the key role in the construction field and a large quantity of concrete is being utilized in every construction practices. To increase the strength of concrete the water/cement ratio has to be reduced, which in turn increases the cement content. To overcome low workability problem different kinds of admixtures are used to achieve the required workability. The sugarcane bagasse ash which is usually disposed can be used as an alternate for cement, since SCBA is rich in silica content and also sufficient calcium content. The SCBA is used in different combination to find the feasibility of using the SCBA as an alternate to cement. The cement is replaced by 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% by the weight of cement and by keeping the replacement of glass powder for cement as constant that is 10% by weight of cement. The concrete cubes are casted and compression and split tensile tests were carried out to find the best combination which results in optimum percentage of strength.

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Cement, Sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA), Glass powder

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Authentication-based access to applications is widely used for computer privacy and security. However, users tend to choose weak passwords that are easy to remember, such as their birth date, phone number, or the name of a loved one, instead of using a combination of alphabets, numerals, and special characters. Graphical password authentication is a novel approach to user authentication that allows users to select images as passwords instead of alphanumeric strings. In this proposed system, users can select an image from a category of images that they have searched for. The selected image is then divided into several grids, and the user chooses a grid as the password. This method offers several advantages over traditional password authentication methods, including enhanced security, ease of use, and increased memorability. Additionally, graphical passwords are more resistant to attacks such as shoulder surfing and key loggers. Overall, this proposed system provides a secure, user-friendly, and visually appealing alternative to traditional password authentication methods.

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Keywords: Authentication, Images, Graphical Password, Privacy, Security.

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This study describes the creation of a real-time signal processing method intended for biomedical wearable devices. The method addresses the essential need for precise, energy-efficient, and effective physiological signal processing in wearable health monitoring devices, including heart rate, oxygen saturation, and electrocardiograms (ECGs). It employs optimal filtering techniques and integrated control mechanisms to provide uninterrupted, real-time monitoring without depleting the device's battery life. In a resource-constrained context, the methodology enhances signal precision and minimizes noise by integrating sensor fusion with advanced signal processing methods. The technology is readily deployable in compact wearable devices due to its optimization for ARM Cortex-M microcontrollers. The research also addresses the algorithm's performance regarding power consumption, computing efficiency, and its capacity to improve patient outcomes in practical applications.

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Real Time Signal Processing Algorithms, Biomedical Devices, Sensor Fusion, ARM Cortex M Microcontroller, Embedded Systems, Low Power Design

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The Sylheti group, with its unique linguistic, ceremonial, and cultural customs, is becoming increasingly subject to the homogenising effects of globalisation and cross-cultural influences. Local religious practices, ethnic food traditions, and folk dances like Dhamail are vanishing as pan-Indian and Western values take hold. This research investigates how generational transitions, notably among the new generation, language stigmatisation, and the rise of mainstream cultural activities contribute to the loss of Sylheti identity. This study draws connections to other oppressed communities throughout the world by situating Sylheti's concerns within global frameworks such as cultural hegemony and globalisation theory. By evaluating ethnographic investigations, community interviews, and cultural theories, the study highlights the urgent need for systemic measures to conserve Sylheti culture through education, digital documentation, and grassroots activism.

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Cultural erosion, Cultural hegemony, Cultural preservation, Globalization, Linguistic shift, Marginalised communities, Sylheti identity,

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 Abstract

Bhattarakadevashakra virchit Pratapakavyasya Ekvinsatisargasya Sampadanamadhyanamcha.

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Bhattarakadevashakra virchit Pratapakavyasya Ekvinsatisargasya Sampadanamadhyanamcha.

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BHESAJAPADDHATI- A CRITICAL STUDY

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BHESAJAPADDHATI- A CRITICAL STUDY

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Pravaradhi Mantra Vyakhyana Vivaranam

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Pravaradhi Mantra Vyakhyana Vivaranam

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World War II left an indelible mark on India's monuments, heritage sites, and the study of history itself. This abstract explores the multifaceted impacts of the war on these aspects of Indian history. The global conflagration of World War II had far-reaching consequences on the Indian subcontinent, which was then under British colonial rule. Indian monuments, repositories of rich cultural heritage, bore witness to a range of transformations during this tumultuous period. World War II exerted a multifaceted influence on Indian monuments, heritage sites, and the study of history. It brought both destruction and restoration, prompting a reevaluation of historical narratives and the reinvigoration of cultural awareness. The legacy of this global conflict continues to shape the perception and preservation of India's rich historical and architectural heritage.

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Monuments, Sites, Heritage, Historians, World War II

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Seating arrangements in educational institutions play an important part in determining the functional efficiency of the institute and also the psychological impact on its users. Many great thinkers, designers and experimenters across the world have deduced several vital conclusions about the ideal seating arrangements. An experiment with 63 participants in 3 educational institutions of Delhi was conducted in the beginning of winter 2015 to investigate the dynamics of typical typologies of seating configurations. From the finding of the experiments, the unique intricacies could be deduced which is specifically pertaining to the study area.

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seating arrangements, seating configurations, seating layout, furniture layout

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This paper explores the role of genetic modification (GM) in enhancing crop resilience to climate change, focusing on key advancements, applications, and challenges. Genetic modification offers promising solutions to counter climate-induced stresses such as drought, heat, and salinity, with significant improvements in crop yield and sustainability. Through an analysis of current GM technologies, particularly CRISPR, and multi-trait crop development, the paper highlights their potential in building climate-resilient agricultural systems. It also discusses the specific case of Rajasthan, India, where GM crops could address region-specific challenges like water scarcity and soil salinization. Despite the potential benefits, challenges such as high development costs, regulatory hurdles, public scepticism, and environmental concerns limit the widespread adoption of GM crops. The paper concludes by examining prospects, including advancements in bioinformatics and computational tools, and stresses the importance of integrating GM technologies with traditional breeding methods to develop more resilient crop varieties. A balanced approach combining innovation and sustainable agricultural practices is essential for addressing global food security in the face of climate change.

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Genetic modification, climate resilience, CRISPR, drought tolerance, crop yield, GM crops, Rajasthan, bioinformatics, agricultural sustainability, food security

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Abstract Quality assessment of fruits plays a key part in the global economy's agricultural sector. In recent years, it has been shown that fruits are affected by different diseases, which can lead to widespread economic failure in the agricultural industry. Traditional manual visual grading of fruits could be more accurate, making it difficult for agribusinesses to assess quality efficiently. The quality and safety of food is an important issue to the whole society, since it is at the basis of human health, social development and stability. Ensuring food quality and safety is a complex process, and all stages of food processing must be considered, from cultivating, harvesting and storage to preparation and consumption. However, these processes are often labor-intensive. Nowadays, the development of machine vision can greatly assist researchers and industries in improving the efficiency of food processing. Computer vision based food recognition is a technology that uses machine learning algorithms to identify and classify different types of food in digital images or videos. This technology has a wide range of applications, including dietary analysis and tracking, nutrition labeling, and food safety. One of the key benefits of food recognition is the ability to automatically extract nutritional information from food images.

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Keywords: Automated Food Inspection, Food Grading, Deep Learning, Convolution Neural Networks (CNN), Image Classification, Object Detection, Image Segmentation.

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The realm of archives, archivists, and archival practices has significantly transformed to meet contemporary societal demands. This paper explores the dynamic role of archives in preserving collective memory, the evolving responsibilities of archivists, and the impact of postmodernism on archival practices. Traditionally, archives were primarily repositories of historical records for state and institutional use. However, they have expanded to serve broader societal functions, becoming vital tools for constructing histories, shaping cultural identities, and supporting social justice initiatives. The study examines the shifting responsibilities of archivists, who now act as mediators in creating and maintaining archives, balancing record preservation with ethical considerations and inclusivity. The influence of postmodernism on archival theory and practice challenges traditional notions of objectivity and neutrality in record-keeping. Postmodernism highlights the importance of context, the subjective nature of documentation, and the role of power in record creation and preservation. This paper underscores the necessity for archivists to adopt a reflective and critical approach, recognizing inherent biases in archival processes and striving for inclusivity and representation of marginalized voices. It highlights the transformation of archives from state-centric repositories to dynamic institutions serving broader societal functions, necessitating continuous adaptation of archival practices.

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Keywords: Preservation, Archival Records, Archivist, Postmodernism, Record-Keeping

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