Volume 4 | Issue 1

 Abstract

Shoulder strength plays a crucial role in tennis performance, particularly for generating power in serves and overhead strokes. This study investigated the effect of plyometric and core training on shoulder strength among forty-five male intercollegiate tennis players aged 18-21 years, who were randomly assigned into three groups: plyometric training (n=15), core training (n=15), and control (n=15). The experimental groups underwent 12 weeks of training, three sessions per week, while the control group continued routine practice. Pre-test analysis revealed no significant differences among groups (Core: 31.10, Plyometric: 31.97, Control: 29.63; F = 1.34, p > 0.05). Post-test results showed significant improvements in both experimental groups compared to the control (Core: 36.80, Plyometric: 36.07, Control: 30.40; F = 12.99, p < 0.05), with adjusted post-test means further confirming these differences (Core: 36.63, Plyometric: 35.15, Control: 31.49; F = 38.88, p < 0.05). Post hoc analysis indicated that core training produced the greatest gains in shoulder strength (MD vs Control = 5.14; MD vs Plyometric = 1.49), while plyometric training also outperformed the control group (MD = 3.66). The findings conclude that both plyometric and core training significantly enhance shoulder strength, with core training proving more effective, suggesting that incorporating core-based protocols alongside plyometric exercises may optimize performance and reduce injury risk in tennis players.

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plyometric training , core training , shoulder strength and tennis players

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The purpose of this study was to conduct a comparative analysis of speed among university-level Football, Handball, and Volleyball players of Andhra Pradesh. A total of 300 male players, comprising 100 each from Football, Handball, and Volleyball who had participated in Inter-University tournaments during 2011-12, were selected as subjects. Speed was measured using standard tests, and the data were statistically analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Scheffe's Post Hoc Test. The results showed mean speed scores of Football (7.375 sec), Handball (7.130 sec), and Volleyball (7.202 sec) players, with standard deviations of 0.066, 0.040, and 0.063 respectively. The obtained F ratio (481.68) was significantly higher than the table value (3.03) at the 0.05 level of confidence, indicating significant differences in speed among the three groups. Post Hoc analysis revealed significant mean differences between Football & Handball (MD=0.245), Handball & Volleyball (MD=0.072), and Football & Volleyball (MD=0.173), establishing that Handball players demonstrated superior speed compared to Football and Volleyball players. These findings suggest that sport-specific demands and training requirements play a critical role in influencing the speed performance of athletes in different team games.

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Speed, Physical Fitness, Football, Handball, Volleyball and University Players,

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Panchayati Raj system of India was enacted in order to institutionalize the village level of democratic governance and also to provide a platform to enable the rural population to decide on the solutions to the local issues. The Panchayats became a Constitution entity after the 73rd Constitutional amendment in 1992, thus strengthening the participatory manner of governance in the rural regions. It was provided by the amendment that had increased the representation of women up to 33 percent giving them a chance in political leadership. Prior to the amendment, political and social status of women were not strong, but Panchayati Raj gave them the power of making decisions. Through Panchayati Raj women are supposed to be empowered so as to have the same legal status and rights with their fellow women in the society. The women were also free to participate in the rural development through the reform. By 2015, it had seen several women Sarpanches and Heads initiating changes in education, health and sanitation within Panchayats. However, there are barriers which they faced like family pressure, deep rooted societal beliefs and lack of resources. Panchayati Raj has really promoted the empowerment of the women but still improvements are needed. Increased legal safeguards, increased material resources and women education with wholesome implementation of Panchayats will enable more effective process and therefore further empowerment of the Panchayati Raj system to the women of India.

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Panchayati Raj, Women Empowerment, Constitutional Amendment, Reservation, Women Leadership, Social Reforms.

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The thermal conductivity of metals represents a fundamental property that governs heat transfer efficiency in numerous engineering applications. This research paper presents a comprehensive analysis of heat transfer rates in different metals, examining the underlying physical mechanisms, experimental methodologies, and practical implications of thermal conductivity variations. Through systematic comparison of common metals including copper, aluminum, steel, iron, silver, and their alloys, this study elucidates the factors influencing thermal transport properties and their applications in thermal management systems. The analysis incorporates both theoretical foundations and experimental data to provide insights into material selection criteria for various thermal applications. Results demonstrate significant variations in thermal conductivity among different metals, with copper and silver exhibiting the highest values, while stainless steel and other alloys showing considerably lower thermal transport capabilities. This comprehensive examination contributes to the understanding of metallic thermal properties and provides practical guidance for materials selection in thermal engineering applications.

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Thermal conductivity, heat transfer, metals, thermal properties, materials engineering, thermal management

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This research paper explores the risk management practices in Indian banks, examining the various challenges and strategies that banks adopt to mitigate risks in a dynamic and evolving financial environment. The paper covers key areas of risk management, including credit, operational, market, and liquidity risks, and analyses how regulatory frameworks, technological advancements, and organizational practices shape these strategies. By evaluating the performance of public and private sector banks, the study identifies the challenges banks face in managing non-performing assets (NPAs), adapting to global risk management standards like Basel III, and securing digital banking platforms. Furthermore, the research discusses the role of stress testing, capital adequacy, and cybersecurity in managing risks effectively. While the Indian banking sector has made significant strides in adopting advanced risk management tools and technologies, the paper also highlights the persistent issues that hinder effective risk management, such as high NPAs and cybersecurity threats. Finally, the paper provides recommendations for enhancing risk management strategies, including investments in AI and machine learning, improving loan monitoring systems, and strengthening regulatory compliance. By addressing these challenges, Indian banks can enhance their stability, reduce operational losses, and improve their resilience to financial shocks in an increasingly globalized economy.

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Risk management, Indian banks, Basel III, credit risk, operational risk, liquidity risk, cybersecurity, non-performing assets (NPAs), digital banking, regulatory compliance.

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Agneeshomeeya Purodasayaha Vivaranam

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Agneeshomeeya Purodasayaha Vivaranam

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Domination in graphs has applications to several fields. Domination arises in facility location problems, where the number of facilities (e.g., hospitals, fire stations) is fixed and one attempts to minimize the distance that a person needs to travel to get to the closest facility. A similar problem occurs when the maximum distance to a facility is fixed and one attempts to minimize the number of facilities necessary so that everyone is serviced. Concepts from domination also appear in problems involving finding sets of representatives, in monitoring communication or electrical networks, and in land surveying (e.g., minimizing the number of places a surveyor must stand in order to take height measurements for an entire region).

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Domination set, Networking, Biological networks, Minimal Dominating set.

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This research paper examines the critical role of entrepreneurial innovation in driving economic growth within India's start-up ecosystem. By analysing key trends from 2000 to 2015, the study explores how start-ups contribute to GDP growth, job creation, and technological advancement while fostering regional development and addressing socio-economic challenges. The paper discusses the evolution of the ecosystem, its structural dynamics, and the impact of governmental policies on nurturing innovation and entrepreneurship. It also identifies the challenges and barriers faced by start-ups, including regulatory complexities, limited funding access, inadequate infrastructure, and skills gaps, which hinder their potential to scale and sustain growth. Furthermore, the paper provides a quantitative analysis of the start-up landscape and offers policy recommendations to strengthen the ecosystem, such as simplifying regulations, improving access to funding, enhancing infrastructure, and promoting a culture of entrepreneurship. The findings underscore the necessity for continued support and strategic investments in the start-up sector to ensure sustainable economic development and global competitiveness. By addressing these areas, India can enhance its position as a leading hub for innovation and drive inclusive growth.

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Entrepreneurial innovation, Economic growth, Start-up ecosystem, India, Job creation, Policy recommendations, Regulatory challenges, Funding access, Infrastructure development, Technological advancement.

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Rainfall has direct impact on agricultural productivity. It controls the growth of crops in different seasons. south west and north east monsoon is the main natural determinant of Indian agriculture. In state of Assam, Paddy cultivation is the major agricultural activity which is controlled by the south west monsoon. Winter paddy cultivation is highly reliant upon the monsoon rainfall. It is therefore assumed that a good relationship exists between these two. Apart from this, value of paddy production depends on many factors, where monsoon rainfall is also one of them. In this paper, interdependency of monsoon rainfall and the value of winter paddy production are examined. A linear positive relation is found between the two. Data are collected from Statistical Handbook of Assam for the period of 2014. IBM-SPSS24 and MS-Excel are used to compile and analyze the data. Geo-spatial mapping is done to show the linear positive relations of the variables for the districts of Assam.

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Monsoon rainfall, Winter Paddy productivity, Geo-spatial mapping.

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This paper explores the idea of narrative disruption and the ways in which postmodernism radically changes how archive materials are interpreted and used. Archives have historically been thought of as immobile, impartial storehouse of historical facts, used to record significant people, events, and linear stories. Postmodernist approaches, on the other hand, subvert traditional norms by highlighting the diversity of viewpoints, the significance of context, and the dynamic character of historical understanding. Postmodernism opposes the idea of a single, authoritative story by encouraging the inclusion of underrepresented perspectives and acknowledging that every interpretation is subjective. This paradigm change has significant ramifications for historical research, compelling historians to critically analyze the power dynamics and biases present in archival documents, as well as for archive practices, driving archivists to embrace more inclusive and flexible techniques. Postmodernism expands the meaning of archives to encompass digital records, oral histories, and other types of collective memory, hence enhancing the range of historical material that is deemed valuable. This essay contends that by emphasizing a variety of experiences that were previously underappreciated, postmodernist disruption of conventional narratives democratizes the field while also enhancing our understanding of history.

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Archival Theory, Postmodernism, Paradigm Shift, Historical Records

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This paper explores the integration of machine learning (ML) techniques for enhancing financial forecasting within SAP ERP systems. It surveys regression models, time series forecasting models (ARIMA, SARIMA, Prophet), and ensemble methods tailored for ERP environments, emphasizing their applications in predicting future financial trends with accuracy. Novel contributions include strategies for data quality management, methodologies for seamless model deployment, and considerations for ethical and regulatory compliance in ML-driven forecasting. Future directions focus on advancing real-time capabilities and fostering interdisciplinary collaborations to innovate financial management practices in dynamic market environments, thereby empowering organizations with informed decision-making tools.

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Predictive Analytics, , Financial Forecasting, SAP ERP Syatem, machine learning algorithms

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Technological advancements have significantly transformed Human Resource Management (HRM) practices across various sectors, including academic libraries. This research paper explores the impact of these technological changes on HRM practices in academic libraries, with a specific focus on rural college libraries in India. Utilizing a theoretical approach, the paper examines how digital innovations have influenced recruitment, training, performance management, and overall staff well-being. It delves into the implications of adopting technology-driven HRM practices and the challenges faced by rural college libraries in India. The study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the theoretical underpinnings of technology-enhanced HRM and its potential to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of library services in rural academic settings.

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Human Resource Management, Academic Libraries, Technological Advancements, Rural College Libraries, India, Theoretical Analysis

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This paper delineates the cultural, political, and historical facets woven into Native American writing, also termed indigenous American literature. The genesis of a Native American renaissance during the 1960s reflected a pivotal transformation in American society that demanded recognition of Native culture and history, which had been persistently erased from the national consciousness. Before this movement, Native American contributions were largely ignored. When Native writers took up the pen, there was a resurgence of the rich oral traditions and culture, ravaged by centuries of oppression and cultural assault. Their stories countered the pervasive stereotypes that dominated mainstream American fiction and movies, which shaped public perception. These narratives challenged the Euro-centric assumptions that had permeated the land since the European conquest of the land. Native American writings offer resistance, strive for cultural recognition, identity formation, and a sense of belonging for the surviving members of diverse tribes. It grapples with the legacy of colonialism and the ongoing struggles for political rights, the social injustices experienced on reservations, and the ever-present questions of identity. For American society to authentically embody the democratic tenets upon which it purports to stand, its discourse must integrate the perspectives and exigencies of its primordial inhabitants. Through active engagements with Indigenous American literary expressions ample opportunities are opened up to American society to actualize its avowed democratic principles on both political and cultural fronts.

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Native American writing, assimilation, oppression, historical amnesia, cultural erasure, political rights, colonialism, democracy, identity

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In the digital age, talent management strategies have evolved significantly to meet the demands of a rapidly changing business landscape. This research paper presents a comparative study of talent management strategies in the digital age, exploring the transition from traditional to digital approaches and their implications for organizations. The paper reviews relevant literature on talent management, digital technologies, and organizational practices, drawing on numerical data and qualitative insights to provide a comprehensive analysis. Methodologically, a comparative research design is employed, utilizing both primary and secondary data sources to examine the differences and similarities between traditional and digital talent management strategies. The paper identifies key challenges and opportunities associated with adopting digital talent management strategies, offering practical recommendations for HR professionals and organizational leaders. Additionally, the paper discusses emerging trends and technologies in talent management and proposes future directions for research and practice. Overall, this paper aims to contribute to the understanding of talent management in the digital age and provide insights for organizations seeking to enhance their talent management practices.

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Talent management, digital age, comparative study, traditional strategies, digital strategies, challenges, opportunities, future trends.

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The present study is carried out in the Fazilka district of Punjab, India, which aimed to find out the level of scientific aptitude of the higher secondary level students. A descriptive survey method was adopted for the study. A total sample of 100 Higher Secondary School students of the Fazilka district were selected by random sampling. To know about scientific aptitude, Scientific Aptitude Test Battery (SATB) developed by Agarwal and Aurora (1986) was used. The results of the present study reveal that there is insignificant difference between male and female higher secondary school students in respect of their Scientific Aptitude and also there is insignificant difference between government and private higher secondary school students in respect of their Scientific Aptitude.

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Scientific Aptitude, Higher Secondary School

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This research paper presents a comprehensive study on the design, performance analysis, and optimization of wind turbines for renewable energy generation. The paper discusses the key aspects of both technologies, including design principles, operational efficiency, environmental impact, and economic feasibility.

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A Review on Design of Wind Turbines for Renewable Energy Generation

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Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy is a powerful tool for probing the paramagnetic properties of materials, providing valuable insights into their electronic structure and local environments. In this study, we investigate the paramagnetic behavior of Copper-Doped Glass with V2O3 as a dopant using EPR spectroscopy. The incorporation of copper ions into the glass matrix, coupled with the presence of V2O3, introduces paramagnetic centers that are of great interest for both fundamental research and potential technological applications. Our experimental setup involved careful sample preparation, precise control of temperature and magnetic field, and systematic data acquisition. EPR spectra were obtained, revealing distinctive paramagnetic signals attributed to the copper ions and their interactions with neighboring species. Through detailed spectral analysis, we elucidate the nature of these paramagnetic centers, providing valuable insights into their coordination environments and electron-spin interactions

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Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR), V2O3 dopants, shedding light

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The urgency to switch to renewable energy sources and improve their performance becomes important as traditional energy resources continue to run out. The design for linking a brushless DC motor with a modified rear axle for a regular car is shown in this paper. The Permanent Magnet Brushless DC motor runs with a broad spectrum of high torque capabilities and exhibits good efficiency. The most appropriate electric motor drive for electric vehicle applications is determined through a comparative analysis of the efficiency, weight, cost, cooling, maximum speed, fault tolerance, safety, and reliability of various motor drives, including switched reluctance motor, induction motor, permanent magnet brushless DC motor, and brushed DC motor. According to the study, permanent magnet brushless DC motor drives are the best option for electric vehicles. Automakers, governments, and customers are becoming more interested in electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid EVs (HEVs) as environmental concerns rise. Researchers must create superior electric-drive systems since electric drives are the essential part of both EVs and HEVs. The overview of permanent-magnet brushless drives for EVs and HEVs in this research emphasises machine topologies, drive operations, and control approaches.

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Permanent magnet brushless ,DC motor hybrid EVs (HEVs),, Electric vehicles (EVs)

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Diabetic-retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness in the working age population. So far the most effective treatment for these eye diseases is early detection through regular screenings. To decrease the cost of such screenings, we employ methods image processing techniques to automatically detect the presence of abnormalities in the retinal images obtained during the screenings. In this paper, we used two methods. First approach is that detection of lesions using minimum distance discriminat (MDD) algorithm with brightness adjustment procedure. Second method is detection of blood vessels using Krisch's method. Experimental results indicate that we are able to achieve 100% accuracy in terms of identifying all the retinal images with exudates while maintaining a 75% accuracy in correctly classifying the truly normal retinal images as normal and also detects the affected blood vessels in the retinal image . This translates to a huge amount of savings in terms of the number of retinal images that need to be manually reviewed by the ophthalmologists.

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Blood Vessels and Lesions Detection in Color Retinal Image

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Rapid and high frequency in vitro multiple shoots and subsequent plantlets were developed in several plant species of arid forestry viz. Anogeissus acuminata, A.pendula, A. latifolia, A.sericea var. nummularia, A.sericea var. sericea, Calligonum polygonoides and Withania coagulans. In Prosopis cineraria, Tecomella undulata, Acacia senegal, Maytenus emerginata, Balanites aegyptiaca, Zizyphus nummularia and Z. mauritiana in vitro multiple shoots were induced at the high rate by using nodal shoot segments from mature trees, but root induction in differentiated shoots were not very high in few species. Dipcadi erythraeum - an endemic and endangered plant is differentiated into plantlet from in vitro cultures. Various explants (cotyledonary nodal segment and epicotyl of Anogeissus spp., nodal and apical shoot segments from mature plants) of 1.5-2.5 cm in length were placed on Murashige and Skoog's 1962(MS) basal medium supplemented with inorganic and organic addenda. Various growth regulators (auxins IAA, IBA, NAA and 2, 4-D and cytokinins; kinetin and BAP) were added from 0.1- 5.0 mg/l either alone or in combination to induce multiple shoots. Differentiated shoots could be further multiplied on fresh medium. Isolated shoots were rooted on MS basal and MS half strength basal salts medium with various concentrations of IAA, IBA and NAA. Plantlets of Anogeissus spp., Calligonum polygonoides, Withania coagulans and Dipcadi erythraeum were transferred into pots. . (N. S. Shekhawat et al. 1993,Rathore et al 1991,kaur et al 1992)

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BIOTECHNOLOGY-A NOVEL TECHNIQUE FOR CONSERVATION OF ARID REGION PLANTS

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