Volume 14 | Issue 1

 Abstract

Ayurveda emphasizes the preservation of health and prevention of disease through a holistic approach that integrates physical and mental well-being. Skin complexion (Varna) is considered an important indicator of internal physiological balance, governed mainly by Bhrajaka Pitta and Rakta dhatu. Substances that maintain and enhance natural complexion are described as Varnya dravyas. Dhanvantari Nighantu, a classical Ayurvedic lexicon, provides detailed descriptions of several such drugs along with their pharmacological attributes.The present study aims to review and analyze the Varnya dravyas mentioned in Dhanvantari Nighantu and to correlate their classical properties with findings from modern scientific research, particularly melanin inhibitory activity. A literary review of Dhanvantari Nighantu, Ayurvedic Samhitas, and contemporary research articles was conducted. Eight Var?ya dravyas--Jatamansi, Gandhamansi, Vyaghranakh, Guggul, Rasanjan, Shirish, Shinshap, and Sarjak--were identified and evaluated.The study reveals that these dravyas predominantly possess Tikta-Kashaya rasa, Laghu-Ruksha guna, and Sheeta or Ushna veerya, contributing to Pitta-Rakta shaman and Tvak prasadana. Modern studies support their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, tyrosinase inhibitory, and melanin inhibitory activities. The findings validate the relevance of classical Varnya dravyas in maintaining skin health and managing pigmentation disorders.

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Ayurveda, Dhanvantari Nighantu, Varnya dravyas, Skin complexion, Melanin inhibition.

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The identification of reliable, non-invasive biomarkers is a priority in pediatric healthcare, where early diagnosis and prevention play a decisive role in long-term outcomes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression and participate in multiple physiological and pathological processes. Recent studies have demonstrated that miRNAs are present in saliva in a stable form, making them attractive candidates for pediatric biomarkers, particularly where invasive sampling is ethically and practically challenging. This review summarizes the biological basis of microRNAs, their origin and stability in saliva, methodological considerations for salivary miRNA detection, and their potential applications in pediatric oral and systemic diseases. Ethical concerns, limitations, and future research directions are also discussed. Salivary microRNAs represent a promising tool for non-invasive pediatric diagnostics; however, further validation and standardization are required before routine clinical application.

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Salivary microRNAs; Pediatric biomarkers; Non-invasive diagnostics; Saliva-based diagnostics; Oralhealth, Systemic health

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Abstract: This paper presents a comprehensive review of rectangular dipole microstrip antennas (RDMAs) for wideband applications. RDMAs have gained significant attention in recent years due to their compact size, low profile, and ease of integration with other components. The paper discusses the design considerations, theoretical background, and wideband techniques used to improve the performance of RDMAs. Various techniques, including defected ground structure, slotted patch, multi-layered structure, and parasitic elements, are reviewed. The paper also highlights the advantages and applications of RDMAs in wideband systems, including wireless communication systems, radar systems, and satellite communication systems. The review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of RDMAs and their potential for wideband applications.

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Index Terms - RDMAs, DGS, HFSS, Wideband Antenna, Microstrip Antenna, Slotted Patch.

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Respiratory diseases constitute a major global health burden, contributing significantly to morbidity, mortality, and healthcare expenditure. Conditions such as bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), allergic rhinitis, upper and lower respiratory tract infections, and pulmonary tuberculosis continue to challenge modern healthcare systems due to their chronic nature, recurrent exacerbations, and adverse effects associated with long-term pharmacotherapy. Ayurveda, the traditional Indian system of medicine, offers a comprehensive approach to respiratory disease management through its unique principles of Tridosha, Pranavaha Srotas, Agni, and Ojas. Classical Ayurvedic texts including Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, and Ashtanga Hridaya describe respiratory disorders under conditions such as Shwasa, Kasa, Pratishaya, and Rajayakshma, along with detailed etiopathogenesis and treatment protocols. This systematic review aims to critically analyze classical Ayurvedic literature and contemporary research studies to evaluate the role of Ayurvedic management in respiratory diseases. Electronic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, AYUSH Research Portal, and peer-reviewed Ayurvedic journals were searched for relevant articles. Evidence suggests that Ayurvedic interventions including Shodhana, Shamana, Rasayana therapy, dietary regulations (Pathya Ahara), and yogic breathing practices (Pranayama) play a significant role in symptom control, disease prevention, and quality-of-life improvement. However, despite promising outcomes, the lack of large-scale randomized controlled trials highlights the need for further scientific validation. This review underscores the potential of Ayurveda as a complementary and integrative approach in respiratory disease management.

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Ayurveda; Respiratory diseases; Shwasa Roga; Pranavaha Srotas; Tamaka Shwasa; Kasa; Pranayama; Herbal medicine

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The digital era is fundamentally reshaping the global business ecosystem by replacing traditional organizational models with dynamic, agile, and adaptive systems. Digitalization, data-driven analytics, and interconnected ecosystems are redefining competitive structures, performance metrics, and value creation. This transformation extends beyond technology adoption to encompass cultural change, governance reconfiguration, and new modes of collaboration, enabling organizations to survive and compete in volatile and uncertain environments. Dynamic digital business models have become essential for sustaining competitive advantage and long-term organizational resilience. By fostering continuous learning, strategic agility, and innovation, these models allow firms to realign value propositions while integrating profitability with ethical, social, and environmental responsibility. Digital transformation thus acts as both a driver and framework for strategic evolution, encouraging inclusive innovation and sustainable practices. This study aims to examine how digital transformation reshapes organizational design, operations, and stakeholder collaboration to achieve performance excellence and sustainable outcomes. It explores the interplay between digital competencies and strategic agility, and analyses the role of data-driven decision-making, innovation systems, and ethical leadership in building competitive advantage and sustainable development. Grounded in the duality model, the study highlights that competitiveness and sustainability are interdependent, positioning digitalization as a catalyst for circular, inclusive, and adaptive growth in the future of enterprise sustainability.

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Digitalization Era, Dynamic Business Models, Competitiveness, Sustainability, Digital Transformation, Data-Driven Decision-Making, Innovation Ecosystems, Strategic Agility, Organizational Performance, Resilience, Ethical Leadership, Circular Economy, Adaptive Growth, Sustainable Enterprise, Technological Disruption.

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Toni Morrison's fourth novel, Tar Baby, upon its publication, brought controversial critical views. It became a great commercial success and was an important contribution to the growth of her literary career. The novel centers around the tumultuous relationship between two lovers from extremely different and conflicting economic and social backgrounds and its ultimate dissolution. Morrison draws on the African American folktale in the Uncle Remus Tales written by the white American writer Joe Chandler Harris. In this version, the white farmer, Brown makes a tar doll in order to trap a mischievous rabbit 'B'rer rabbit' who ruins his cabbage garden. However, the rabbit outwits the farmer by tricking him into letting him throw him bade to the Brier patch and thus making his escape. In this novel, Morrison continues the pre-dominant concern of her earlier works - the search for identity. Here she focuses on the conflict between traditional black folk values and contemporary Euro-centric aspirations. However, this present novel marks a further step from the preceding works in the magnitude and complexity of Morrison's treatment of this quest theme.

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Brier patch, tar, black, folk, Euro-centric

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Self-regulative technique with and without yoga practice, vital capacity, anxiety and muscular endurance.

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Hallmarking has arisen as a core regulatory tool, which ensures the purity, quality, and standardization of precious metal like Gold and Silver and concurrently serving as a major important source of Income for Bureau of Indian Standards. In India, with the gradual transformation from voluntary to compulsory Hallmarking, the revenue flows are impacted through certification fees, licensing of Assaying and Hallmarking Centres, and testing services. Hence, analyzing the factors which are affecting the Income from hallmarking is essential for evaluating the financial Performance of Bureau of Indian Standards. This paper focuses on analyzing the various factors which are influencing the Income from Hall Marking of Bureau of Indian Standards.

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Assaying and Hall Marking Centres, Registered Jewellers, Number of Articles Hall Marked, Gold and Silver Fee Structure and Income of Hall Marking.

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Understanding a person's Tridosha constitution--Vata, Pitta, and Kapha--is essential to Ayurveda, an ancient Indian holistic health approach that emphasizes individualized wellness. However, it is difficult for contemporary digital health systems to convert this individualized Ayurvedic approach into organized, technologically assisted wellness models. This study introduces AyurSense, a digital platform that offers individualized lifestyle, nutrition, herbal, and wellness advice by fusing traditional Ayurvedic concepts with cutting edge software design. To assist users in comprehending and balancing their Dosha profile, the platform makes use of a structured Dosha questionnaire, a weighted scoring model, rule-based recommendations, and an intuitive user interface. A thorough literature review, methodology, system design, user testing, and a comparison with other platforms are all included in the study. The findings indicate better lifestyle choices, increased user awareness, and positive usability comments.

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Ayurveda, Dosha Profiling, Personalized Wellness, Recommendation System, Digital Health, Preventive Healthcare

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?????? ?????? ???????-?????? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ww ???????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ????????? ?? ??????, ???????, ???????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??????, ??????? ?????????, ???????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ?? ???????????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??, ?????? ?????? ???????, ??????? ????????? ?? ?????????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ????????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ????????? ???????? ?? ????????? ????? ?? (???? ????? 2025, ????? ?????, 2020)? ?? ??? ???? ?????????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ????????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ???????-?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????, ?????????, ??????, ???????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ????????? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ????????????? ????????, ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ????

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Rohatas Jile Me Mahila Sashaktikaran Ke Sthaniy Aayamo Ka Adhyayan

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We show how you can start with a single, tidy codebase and split it up later if you need to, all while benefiting from the kind of high-concurrency you used to only get with complicated Reactive programming.

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Microservices Architecture, Spring Boot 3.3, Java 21, Virtual Threads, Spring Modulith, Pragmatic Evolutionary Architecture

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As India pursues the 'Viksit Bharat 2047' vision, this study investigates how the evolving legal and technological frameworks in India compare with the socio-legal strategies of Bangladesh and Pakistan in protecting women's human rights and dismantling human trafficking networks. It specifically asks: To what extent does regional geopolitical instability and disparate legal enforcement hinder the collective goal of a trafficking-free South Asia? This research employs a qualitative comparative methodology, utilizing a desk-based review of primary and secondary sources. Primary data includes constitutional provisions, recent legislative reforms (such as India's Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita and Pakistan's TIP Act 2018), and official reports from the NCRB (India) and UNODC. Secondary data comprises academic journals, NGO reports (e.g., BRAC, Prajwala), and situational analyses of the Indo-Bangladesh and Indo-Pakistan border dynamics. A "Human Security" framework is applied to evaluate the transition from state-centric to victim-centric protection models. The study anticipates revealing that while India's 'Viksit Bharat' initiatives provide a superior technological template for surveillance and recovery, Bangladesh offers more effective community-level integration for female economic empowerment. Conversely, Pakistan's efforts remain hampered by internal legal dualism. The expected conclusion emphasizes that India's developmental goals cannot be fully realized in isolation; the outcome proposes a Synchronized Regional Protocol (SRP) for real-time intelligence sharing and standardized rehabilitation. Ultimately, the research provides a strategic roadmap for policy harmonization to transform South Asia from a trafficking "hotspot" into a secure zone for women.

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Viksit Bharat, Human Trafficking, Comparative Jurisprudence, South Asian Security, Women's Empowerment

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Internet addiction has emerged as a significant concern among higher secondary students, affecting their academic performance, psychological well-being, and social interactions. This study explores the multifaceted impact of excessive internet use on adolescents, highlighting both the risks and consequences. Findings indicate that prolonged online engagement often leads to reduced concentration, poor academic achievement, sleep disturbances, and increased levels of stress, anxiety, and depression. Moreover, internet addiction fosters social isolation, weakens interpersonal relationships, and encourages dependency behaviors similar to substance abuse. While the internet provides valuable educational and recreational opportunities, its misuse poses serious challenges to students' holistic development. The study emphasizes the importance of balanced digital habits, parental guidance, and institutional interventions to mitigate the adverse effects of internet addiction and promote healthier online practices among youth.

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KEY WORDS: Internet Addiction, Higher Secondary Students, Academic Performance, Mental Health, Stress and Anxiety, Depression,Sleep Disturbances

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Hyperuricemia is defined as plasma saturated with mono sodium urate at a concentration > 6.8 mg/dL at 37?. Over the past 20 years, hyperuricemia has become more common and still has a significant frequency, which can be correlated with the economic development and lifestyle changes like obesity, enhanced intake of sugar-sweetened drinks, purine-rich foods and alcohol intake. Epidemiological data further highlights the role as an independent risk marker for each 1mg/dL increase in serum uric acid, the risk of coronary heart disease mortality increases by approximately 20%. The evidence obtained suggests that it may contribute to chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disorders by mechanisms including endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, vascular smooth muscle proliferation and activation of the renin-angiotensin system. Xanthine oxidase inhibitors such as allopurinol and febuxostat are commonly used for the management of hyperuricemia; however prolonged use has been reported to cause acute renal failure. According to Ayurveda, uric acid can be considered as existing in the form of Pittadhika-Kapha Rupa Malabhava. As the hyperuricemia may be due to Pitta Pradhana Dosha Dushti Which in turn leads to Rasa Rakta Dhatwagnimandya at Rasa-Rakta Dhatu level. Navakarshika Kwatham described in Chakradatta Vataraktha chikitsa adhyaya is a unique combination of ama pachana, agni deepana, raktha prasadana and Kapha-Pittahara drugs. A male patient, aged 55 years diagnosed with hyperuricemia 1 year back presented with pain and swelling over left big toe, left elbow joint,left shoulder joint,bilateral knee and ankle and generalised body pain was treated with Ayurvedic Formulation Navakarshika Kwatham. Aqueous extract of the formulation was administered for 30 days. At the end of the treatment marked reduction seen on the levels of S.Uric acid, ESR and on the signs and symptoms.

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Hyperuricemia, S. Uric acid, Navakarshika Kwatham

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This study investigates the divergent democratic trajectories of India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan by addressing a central question: How do the legal frameworks governing electoral systems and political defection influence national stability and long-term economic development? Specifically, it examines why India has achieved a degree of institutional continuity ("Viksit Bharat") that remains elusive for Bangladesh and Pakistan. The research employs a qualitative comparative case-study methodology. Its analysis primary legal documents, including the 10th Schedule of the Indian Constitution, Article 70 of the Bangladesh Constitution, and Article 63-A of the Pakistani Constitution. Secondary data is drawn from the 2024 general election reports, World Bank economic indicators, and scholarly critiques from political scientists such as Christophe Jaffrelot and Ali Riaz. This multi-dimensional approach allows for a cross-national synthesis of political and economic variables. The research anticipates three primary findings. First, that India's institutionalized electoral governance acts as a catalyst for "policy continuity," attracting global investment. Second, that Bangladesh's Article 70, while preventing government collapse, creates a "winner-take-all" system that stifles the parliamentary oversight necessary for transparent development. Third, that Pakistan's struggle with "Lotaism" and military intervention creates a "hybrid regime" where short-term political survival precedes long-term economic planning. Ultimately, the study suggests that for Bangladesh and Pakistan to replicate India's developmental path, they must move beyond "procedural democracy" toward "substantive democracy" by empowering independent electoral institutions and reforming laws that restrict legislative dissent.

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Electoral Systems, Political Defection, Viksit Bharat, South Asian Politics, Parliamentary Stability

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Abstract Cyber attacks are getting more common these days with all the digital stuff growing so fast, networks everywhere, and services online all the time. It is kind of scary how they can mess up organizations, steal data, or just cause big problems for security. For this project, we built a system that monitors and analyses cyber attacks in real time, and we hooked it up with Power BI to make the visuals and analytics better. Since real cyber security data is super sensitive and not easy to get because of restrictions, I had to make a synthetic dataset instead. That way, it simulates real scenarios like DDoS attacks, SQL injection, cross-site scripting, brute force stuff, and port scanning. It feels realistic enough to test things out without actual risks. The dashboard uses HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, so it is interactive, and it simulates attacks dynamically. Then, the data gets processed and goes into Power BI for more advanced stuff. Dashboards there show trends, how severe attacks are, frequency, all that. It helps spot high-risk sources or vulnerable spots, and patterns that keep coming back. Some people might think real-time is enough, but mixing it with historical analytics makes it stronger for decisions. The system is meant to scale up if needed, run efficiently, and teach people about attacks. Cyber security analysts, students like me, researchers, they can use it to study behaviors, get aware of situations, and make better choices. Overall, it shows visualization and BI tools together can really help understand threats, even in a simulated setup.

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Keywords: Cyber security, Cyber Attack Monitoring, Power BI, Real-Time Visualization, Data Analytics, Network Security, Threat Analysis, Dashboard Analytics

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Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant public health issue, particularly in developing nations like India, where the disease is not only a medical concern but also a profound social and psychological burden. This study explores the impact of stigma and discrimination on the mental health of TB-affected individuals through a sociopsychological lens. Drawing on secondary data and thematic content analysis, the research reveals that stigma--often rooted in cultural beliefs, misinformation, and fear--leads to social exclusion, internalized shame, and heightened emotional distress. Discrimination from family, community, and healthcare providers further exacerbates psychological challenges such as depression, anxiety, and low self-worth. The study also highlights how demographic factors such as gender, economic status, and education level influence the intensity and experience of stigma. The findings underscore the urgent need for integrated psychosocial support and stigma-reduction strategies within TB care frameworks. A more holistic approach that combines medical treatment with mental health interventions is essential for improving patient outcomes and reducing the societal burden of TB.

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Tuberculosis (TB), Stigma, Discrimination, Mental Health, Depression and Anxiety, Psychosocial Support, Sociopsychological Approach, Public Health, Social Exclusion, Healthcare Disparities

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The obsession of society with reproduction is undeniable. Infertility halts its very basis. Therefore, many social measures and medical interventions have been employed to cure this issue. Surrogacy has been an effective recourse, with assisted reproductive technologies at its forefront presently. This paper studies different forms of commercial surrogacy, associated issues, produced dilemmas and their representation in selected popular media. It, also, examines the implications of substituting an altruistic act to a commercial one. Through a critical analysis of the selected Bollywood films (Chori Chori Chupke Chupke and Mimi), the paper aims at exploring the multifaceted landscape of surrogacy across decades, un/supported by varied legislative frameworks, within the Indian state.

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Motherhood Studies, Film Studies, Surrogate Motherhood, Commercial Surrogacy, Bollywood

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Classroom management is a fundamental aspect of effective teaching and learning, particularly at the primary level where children require structure, guidance, and emotional support. It refers to the strategies, techniques, and practices used by teachers to create and maintain a positive, orderly, and engaging classroom environment. This paper examines the concept of classroom management, its importance, objectives, principles, and its impact on the teaching-learning process. It highlights the role of teachers, classroom discipline strategies, student engagement, learning environment, challenges faced in classroom management, and possible solutions. The study concludes that effective classroom management enhances academic achievement, social behavior, emotional well-being, and overall learning outcomes, making it an essential component of successful education.

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Classroom Management, Teaching-Learning Process, Discipline, Learning Environment, Primary Education

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Background: Biomedical waste (BMW) management is essential for hospital infection control and environmental safety, and inadequate segregation, limited awareness of legal frameworks, and poor access to policy documents increase occupational hazards and the risk of nosocomial infections. Objectives: To assess knowledge and practices related to biomedical waste management and associated legal frameworks among doctors and nurses in a tertiary care hospital in Mysuru, India. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among doctors and nurses at a 250-bed tertiary care teaching hospital in Mysuru, Karnataka. Data were collected using a structured, self-administered questionnaire assessing knowledge of BMW guidelines, access to policy documents, waste handling and segregation practices, and awareness of infection risks. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and the Chi-square test. Results: Of the 150 questionnaires distributed, 128 were completed (response rate: 85%). Nurses constituted 74.2% of participants and doctors 25.8%. Awareness of the WHO manual on safe management of health-care waste was limited (45.3%), with no significant difference between professional groups (p = 0.40). Access to BMW policy documents differed significantly, with 90.5% of nurses reporting access compared to 15.2% of doctors (p < 0.001). Despite limited policy awareness, more than 90% of respondents reported appropriate waste segregation, correct use of colour-coded bins, and glove use. Awareness of infection risks associated with improper BMW management was high. Conclusion: Although reported biomedical waste management practices were satisfactory, gaps in awareness of and access to formal guidelines and legal frameworks persist, particularly among doctors. Targeted training and improved dissemination of policy documents are required to strengthen compliance.

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Biomedical waste management; Doctors; Health-care workers; Infection control; Nurses; Waste segregation

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