Volume 13 | Issue 1

 Abstract

"Vaishvik Vastr Vyapar - Laghu Udyamiyon ke liye ek Mahatvapurn Sarokar - Sambhavanayen evam Chunautiyan"

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"Vaishvik Vastr Vyapar - Laghu Udyamiyon ke liye ek Mahatvapurn Sarokar - Sambhavanayen evam Chunautiyan"

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This paper investigates the history, beliefs, and cultural practices of the Khas community in the Eastern Himalayan region, particularly of Darjeeling and Sikkim. Historically, the community traces its roots to the western Himalayan region of Nepal, and later extended to the Darjeeling Hills and Sikkim in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Their movement was driven by political uncertainties in Nepal and the growing demand for labour in colonial India. Over a period of time, the Khas people, comprising primarily Bahun and Chettri groups with Brahmin and Kshatriya status, adapted to the indigenous traditions of Darjeeling and Sikkim while preserving their Vedic religious foundations. The study further investigates the engagement of the Khas people with reformist religious movement, such as the 'Pranami Sampradaya' and its promotion of syncretic practices that reflect the plural religious milieu of the Himalayas. This research examines the linguistic shift of the Khas from Khas Kura to modern Nepali, analyzing oral traditions, festivals, rituals, and social status within the community. It also explores how caste, kinship, and language have continued to shape the life and identity of the Khas community while negotiating modernity, state, and identity politics. The study also scrutinizes the active involvement of the Khas Community in regional ethno-political movements, including 'Gorkhaland Movement' and political representation in Sikkim. Ultimately, the paper analyses how the Khas balance traditions with modernity and how their dynamic cultural identity connects past with present experiences linking local and diasporic contexts.

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THE KHAS OF DARJEELING AND SIKKIM: HISTORY, FAITH, AND CULTURE

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The integration of web-based Open Educational Resources (OERs) in secondary education has the potential to enhance teaching effectiveness and student engagement. However, the successful adoption of these resources largely depends on teachers' perceptions and their digital literacy levels. This study explores the relationship between secondary teachers' digital literacy competencies and their perceptions of web-based OERs. A descriptive-correlational research design will be employed, using structured questionnaires to assess both digital literacy and OER perceptions among secondary school teachers. The study aims to identify the extent to which digital literacy influences teachers' attitudes toward OER adoption and to highlight challenges that may hinder effective implementation. Findings from this research are expected to inform professional development programs and guide school policies to support the integration of web-based OERs in secondary education.

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Web-Based Open Educational Resources (OERs), Digital Literacy, Teachers Perceptions, Secondary Education, Educational Technology

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Diaspora, once associated primarily with exile and displacement, has evolved into a complex and multifaceted condition shaped by globalization, transnational mobility, and cultural exchange. This paper explores the diasporic mind through a comparative analysis of Imaginary Homelands by Salman Rushdie and the introductory essay to At Home in Diaspora by Jackie Assayag and Véronique Bénéï. While Rushdie foregrounds memory, imagination, and loss as central to diasporic consciousness, Assayag and Bénéï conceptualize diaspora as a normalized and productive condition of modernity. Drawing on key theoretical frameworks from diaspora studies, including the works of Stuart Hall and Avtar Brah, this paper argues that the diasporic mind is characterized by hybridity, multiplicity, and ongoing negotiation between past and present, home and hostland. The analysis demonstrates that diaspora is no longer merely a site of nostalgia but a dynamic space of identity formation and cultural innovation.

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Diaspora, Hybridity, Memory, Identity, Transnationalism

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Language is the primary medium of human communication through which ideas and experiences are expressed using a system of conventional symbols. Among the four fundamental language skills--listening, speaking, reading, and writing--writing is considered the most complex and is generally acquired last. Writing plays a vital role in effective communication, particularly in conveying ideas to distant readers, and it fosters clarity, accuracy, responsibility, and precision in expression. Despite its importance, many students experience significant difficulties in writing, especially at the upper primary level. The present study focuses on identifying the writing difficulties of VII grade students studying in Kannada medium schools, with specific reference to handwriting and spelling in the English language. The objectives of the study were to ascertain the nature of writing difficulties, analyze difficulties in script and cursive handwriting with respect to gender and type of school

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Writing difficulties, Need and Importance of the study, Objectives of the Study, Analysis and interpretation of data, Educational implication

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Vaishaalee Jile Kee Kishoriyon Mein Poshan Star Par Saanskrtik Maanyataon Ka Prabhaav

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Vaishaalee Jile Kee Kishoriyon Mein Poshan Star Par Saanskrtik Maanyataon Ka Prabhaav

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In this paper we discussed some of mathematical applications of artificial intelligence in the following real life areas namely Agriculture, Medicine, Master of business administration, Master of Computer Application, Bachelor of Business Administration, Civil Engineering (core subject), Veterinary Sciences, Army, Mechanics, Construction mainly in agriculture integration, crop monitoring and disease, in medicine rapid gene sequencing, artificial Intelligence in Disease.

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Management, different types of vaccines, IT Projects, Building Design, Constructions, Robotics, Military Technology

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This paper aims to discuss the Complex verbs of the Telugu language found in Basavapur??amu of P?lkuriki S?mana (1160-1240), a famous and first poet on Saivism in Telugu literature. His works include Pandit?r?dhya caritra, Anubhava ??ramu, Vrsadhipa ?atakamu, and Caturv?das?ramu. This is a bilingual descriptive study of the Complex Verbs observed in P?lkuriki S?mana's Basavapur??amu. This article is composed of Vowel deletion, Syllable deletion, Syllables deletion, Addition of consonants and Co-alternations.

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P?lkuriki S?mana, Basavapur??amu, Saivism, Complex Verbs, Vowel deletion, Syllable deletion, Syllables deletion, Addition of consonants and Co-alternations.

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Abstract This study examines the factors driving digital payment adoption among Kirana and micro-retail stores in Assam and investigates the relationship between adoption levels and sales performance outcomes. The study's approach used a cross-sectional survey of 312 Kirana and micro-retail stores across five districts in Assam was conducted using stratified sampling. The study employed the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) framework, measuring perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived risk, and customer demand pressure as antecedents to adoption. Sales outcomes were measured through growth rates, ticket sizes, and stability indicators. The results indicate that perceived usefulness (?=0.34, p<0.001) and customer demand pressure (?=0.28, p<0.001) are the strongest predictors of digital payment adoption. Urban stores demonstrate significantly higher adoption rates (M=68.4) compared to rural counterparts (M=45.2, p<0.001). Adoption levels show positive associations with monthly sales growth (r=0.42, p<0.001) and sales stability (r=0.35, p<0.001). The study is limited to Assam's retail ecosystem and employs cross-sectional data. Longitudinal studies could strengthen causal inferences regarding adoption-performance relationships. Its practical implications suggest that financial service providers and policymakers can leverage findings to design targeted interventions, particularly focusing on usefulness demonstrations and addressing rural-urban adoption gaps.

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Keywords: Digital payments, UPI adoption, Kirana retail stores, Technology acceptance, Sales performance,

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Digital Raajaneetik Sanchaar Ka Ubharata Paridrshy: Bhaarateey Chunaavon Mein Soshal Meediya Ke Prabhaav Ka Ek Vyavahaarik Adhyayan

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Digital Raajaneetik Sanchaar Ka Ubharata Paridrshy: Bhaarateey Chunaavon Mein Soshal Meediya Ke Prabhaav Ka Ek Vyavahaarik Adhyayan

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Mallakhamb and Human Health : A Theoretical Analysis of Its Physical and Psychological Effects

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Mallakhamb and Human Health : A Theoretical Analysis of Its Physical and Psychological Effects

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The purpose of this study is to measure the levels of depression, anxiety and stress among students studying in night college. This study was conducted by survey method. For this, a total of N=89 (male=49, female=40) students from night colleges in Pune city, Maharashtra were included in this study. To measure the depression, anxiety and stress levels of the students, Lovibound & Lovibound (1995) Depression, Anxiety scale-42 was used. In the statistical analysis, the mean and standard deviation were calculated. 't' test was used to check the significance of the mean. In this study, significant differences were found between students regarding depression, anxiety and stress. The level of depression in female students (Mean=18.10) was found to be higher than male students (Mean=14.78). Similarly, the level of anxiety in female students (Mean=18.35) was found to be higher than male students (Mean=12.94). And the level of stress in female students (Mean=23.15) was found to be higher than that of male students (Mean=18.84). Moreover, the level of anxiety was found to be higher in students above the age of 20 (>20 Mean= 22.10) than in students below the age of 20. The results of this study suggest that teachers and counselors will be helpful in guiding students as needed.

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Depression, Anxiety, Stress, DASS, and Night College.

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Over the past ten years, India has experienced an unthinkable surge in the digital world due to the quick adoption and expansion of social media, online platforms, e-commerce, and most recently, online payment methods. Concerns about it increased along with its simplicity of use and the abundance of features that make life easier. People began to experience privacy violations, security problems, and data breaches, among other things. The main issue was that there was no explicit legislation governing the use of data in the digital sphere. The necessity for a legislative framework to protect digital data increased after the Supreme Court of India declared that privacy was a fundamental right. India's digital economy is experiencing an extraordinary increase in data-driven innovation, encompassing AI-enhanced services and inventive digital content. In conjunction with this expansion, two essential legal frameworks regulate the management of information and ideas; data protection law and intellectual property (IP) law. These frameworks fulfill distinctly different roles; one is designed to protect personal information and privacy, while the other safeguards intellectual creations. However, they are increasingly overlapping and even conflicting in the realm of contemporary technology. A critical examination of the differences between data protection and IP law in India, elucidating each within the Indian context, comparing their goals and mechanisms, and investigating how they intersect, clash, and can be strategically navigated within the digital and AI economy. Relevant Indian legislation, such as the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 (DPDPA), the Patents Act, 1970, and the Copyright Act, 1957, are analyzed to offer practical guidance for businesses, startups, creators, and individuals operating in India.

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Technology, Development, Digital Protection, Data laws, IP laws.

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HYV rice, Kamrup, quadratic regression, yield trend, agricultural policy, Assam

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In an increasingly competitive and technology-driven job market, developing productive skills is essential to enhance the employability of the future workforce. This study investigates effective methods of productive skill development among university students and recent graduates. Using a mixed-methods approach, data were collected through surveys from 150 final-year students and interviews with 10 employers and educators. The research identifies key employability skills--such as communication, critical thinking, teamwork, and digital literacy--as lacking in many graduates. Employers emphasize the need for real-world experience and soft skills in addition to academic knowledge. The findings suggest that integrating experiential learning, internships, and soft skills training into higher education curricula significantly improves student readiness for the labor market. This study provides practical recommendations for educators, policymakers, and institutions aiming to bridge the skills gap and support workforce empowerment.

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Employability, Productive Skills, Workforce Development, Higher Education, Soft Skills, Skill Gap, Experiential Learning

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India is a multi-cultural nation. The Atlas of Ethnographic Society is reports more than two thousand distant cultures in India based on factors like geographic location, languages, festivals, food habits, art, religion and caste. Many tribal community have their own distinct culture, tradition and religious practices which are different from the main stream cultural practices. Among the major religions cultural traditions differ based on caste region and language spoken. One such cultural minority is the Bene-Israel Jews in India. Esther David is an Indian author of Jewish descent. She hails from Gujarat and was born into the Bene-Israel Jewish community. This community was believed to have arrived in India after a shipwreck around 2100 years ago, to escape persecution from Antiochus Epiphanes. Since then they have slowly become an integral part of the Indian culture. They are nicknamed "Shaniwar Teli" i.e. the Saturday oil pressers, since many of the Jewish people work in oil pressing so that they can follow Sabbath and other traditions. They have integrated into the Indian society while maintaining their traditional and religious practices, thus maintaining a unique identity and becoming one of the many cultural minorities in India. Esther David, a Bene-Israeli writer tried to preserve and portray their unique culture through her works. She has won the Sahitya academy award in 2010 for her work 'Book of Rachel'.

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isolation, community, culture, cultural minority, tradition

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Austin Clarke, an award winning author voiced the discrimination against immigrant Blacks in Canada. His work talks about alienation, racial victimisation in the postcolonial period, confrontation of two different cultures and its effects on the female characters. His award winning work 'The Polished Hoe' depicts the suffering of a young Caribbean woman, like many of his works. Austin Clark is an advocate of the suffering immigrant, a champion of the underdog and the defender of the victimized woman. This paper seeks to focus on the feminine sensibility in Austin Clarke's The Polished Hoe, the novel that got him the Scotiabank Giller Prize in 2002, the Commonwealth Writers' Prize for Canada and the Caribbean in 2003 and Trillium Book Award, also in 2003. Literature and society are intertwined. They mirror each other. Each is a cause and result of one another. Some of the best works of literature have been influenced by it while some are the result of the course of life excellently penned. The faculty of letters has become a source to channelize and weaponize the sufferings of the underdog. He has found a release in speaking, singing and writing about his plight, which has, in course of time, compelled the kinder souls of the society to respond with sympathy, bring about changes and to contribute to a constructive society. Without literature, the plight would have been a dry detail devoid of the power to stir the human emotion and bring to light the finer aspects of the human soul. The female has been one such underdog who has found solace in the tender embrace of literature. She seeks an escape from her truth, her whole truth and nothing but her truth. Her dreams, however colourful and boisterous they may be, immediately die at the feet of her truth. Her truth is harsh, cold and dead. She, despite the obstacles, responds to the world and the world responds to her. More so the Black woman, who faces two fold discrimination - for being Black and for being a woman.

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feminism, sensibility, rebellion, respect, champion

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Kathakali is a noble, majestic and more aesthetic creation compared to other performing artforms. Kathakali, the unique art of Kerala, does not have a heritage like Koodiyattam. There is no form of rituals involved in kathakali. Kathakali, which took its origin independently outside the temple walls, has grown faster than Koodiyattam. As kathakali took its form through various hands, there are creative contributions from each person who has handled it. Music, Instrument and sculpture has been incorporated harmoniously in the formation of this traditionally and historically rich artfrom. Kottarakkara Thampuran, who was Fascinated by Krishnanattam, requested Manavedan Thampuran to send Krishnanattam to the South. As Manavedan Thampuran sarcastically rejected this request, Kottarakkara Thampuran created Ramanattam based on the Ramayana and over time, with the involvement of other epics, it transformed into the current form, Kathakali. This is the history behind Kathakali. Still the artform is maintaining its grandeur through noble stages. Poetries and theatrical plays are also being portrayed through this artform. The facial makeup (face painting) of each character in Kathakali is a lot related to the traditional painting practices of Kerala. The colour combinations used in Kalamezhuthu and the colouring materials used in mural painting are related to the face painting in Kathakali. Although basic texts such as the Natya Shastra have already mentioned different colours for each rasa (facial expression), they haven't mentioned the materials used to prepare those colours. Therefore, artforms like Kathakali, Koodiyattam and other ritual arts have used books related to painting and sculpture, such as the Vishnu Dharmothara Purana, to find out the materials for making colours. Bharata Muni who wrote the Natya Shastra has divided acting into four. Among the four types of acting (Chathurvidhabhinaya), Angikam, Vachikam, Sattwikam and Aharyam, the section Aharyam discusses Angarachana, i.e. facial painting methods. Although artforms like Kathakali does not incorporate all the aspects mentioned in Natya Shastra, it has adopted many of the things mentioned in the 23rd chapter called Aharya Abhinayam related to the decorative methods of Kathakali. Angarachana refers to the transformation of the face and body using different colour combinations. Which colours should be used as natural colours, compound colours or tools for this has been clearly mentioned in Natya Shastra. But the source of these colours is not discussed. Therefore, the colour-making materials have been prepared as inspired from the painting methods, ritual and traditional artforms that existed until then. Naturally obtained colours are being mostly used for face painting of the artforms of Kerala. This paper examines how the face painting is related to the traditional painting practices.

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Painting, Colours, Kathakali, Face painting, Artforms

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 Abstract

Badalte samajik paridrashaya me shrimad bhagwat geeta ke shaikshik nihitarth (naitik shiksha ke vishesh sandharbh mein)

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Badalte samajik paridrashaya me shrimad bhagwat geeta ke shaikshik nihitarth (naitik shiksha ke vishesh sandharbh mein)

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The fashion industry has long been associated with rapid trends, excessive waste and environmental degradation. From runway to wardrobe, the word 'sustainability' is no longer a faint whisper but a clarion call for change in the fashion industry. As the detrimental environmental effects of 'fast fashion 'become clearer and consumers grow increasingly eco-conscious, the future of fashion must navigate toward greener pastures. As consumer awareness of the environmental and social impact of fashion grows, there is an increasing demand for sustainable practices. This research paper explores the integration of sustainable development in e-commerce for apparel and accessories, aiming to provide insights into the challenges, opportunities and strategies for navigating the future of fashion in a more environmentally and socially responsible manner. By examining the current state of sustainable development in e-commerce for apparel and accessories, this research aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the challenges and opportunities faced by stakeholders in the fashion industry. The insights gained from this study can guide future strategies for sustainable fashion practices, contributing to the ongoing global efforts towards a more responsible and ethical fashion ecosystem.

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E-Commerce, Fashion, Sustainable, Wardrobe, Stakeholders, Global

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