Volume 12 | Issue 1

 Abstract

India, with one of the world's fastest-growing populations, is a nation in great need of contraceptive counselling. Contraceptive advice is a vital component of good community health. The study was conducted among married women residing in Babhalgaon, Latur with aim to assess the knowledge regarding contraceptive methods among married women. sixty samples were selected for the study using simple random technique, and they were administered a Structured Questionnaire. Data collection was done by demographic variable and structured questionaries. Data were analyzed using descriptive and interferential statistics. Data analysis related to the level of knowledge revealed that 25% of the samples had good knowledge (Score 19 and above), 45% of the samples had adequate knowledge (Score 14-18), and 30% of the samples had poor knowledge (Score 0-13). The data analysis shows that the chi-square values are greater than 0.05. Therefore, it is concluded that there is no association between knowledge and demographic variables. From the results of the study, it is evident that most of the married women residing in Babhalgaon, Latur, have adequate knowledge regarding contraceptive methods.

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Assess, Knowledge, adoption, contraceptive methods, married women.

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The purpose of this study is to present the current state of E-Commerce and to examine the current developments in E-Commerce. The study goes on to look at the important factors that influence the success of E-commerce business models. Objective: The study's goals are to: 1. comprehend the current state and developments of e-commerce; and 2. identify the important factors affecting the rising use of e-commerce. In today's commercial world, e-commerce is booming. Electronic commerce is referred to as e-commerce. Ecommerce (Electronic commerce) entails the purchase and sale of goods and services, as well as the transmission of payments and data, over an electronic network, most commonly the Internet. Electronic commerce (E-commerce) is a paradigm change that affects both marketers and customers. E-commerce, on the other hand, is more than just another technique to improve existing company operations. It is pioneering a complete transformation of the traditional business model. This huge shift in business paradigm is gaining traction all across the world, and India is no exception. environmental consequences Although the concept is widely employed in today's commercial environment, it has yet to be fully explored. undertaken to define the E-Commerce scenario and study the E-Commerce trends The study goes on to look at the important factors that influence the success of E-commerce business models and its growth in India over the years.

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Ecommerce, Indian Market, Growth in India, Internet, E-commerce in Jammu and Kashmir.

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A study conducted by Salisbury P, Hall L, Kulkus S, Paw MK, Tun NW ett.al.(2016) on family planning, knowledge, attitude and practices in refugee and migrant pregnant and post- partum women. A study was conducted in Thailand-Myanmar Border between January to march 2015 with the we to assess the efforts to improve contraceptive practices among the marginalized population. The quantitative data was collected from the 978 high parity women using in depth interview for cross sectional survey and focus group discussion. The result of the study revealed that 90% of women had some knowledge about contraceptive about birth spacing and 60% of them using family planning supplies. But above 90% of them lacking awareness of emergency contraception and concluded that specific action should be taken to motivate use of IUDs and the role of husband attitude should acknowledge by women.

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'A study to assess the attitude towards birth spacing among the married women in child bearing age at selected rural areas of Moradabad.'

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Data stream clustering algorithms have become essential tools for analysing high-volume data streams in real-time. One of the main challenges in data stream clustering is achieving high accuracy and efficiency in handling large and high-dimensional data streams. In this survey paper, we review the efficiency metrics used to evaluate data stream clustering algorithms, including processing time, memory usage, scalability, and accuracy. We also discuss the recently used data stream clustering algorithms, such as onlineK-Means, CluStream,DenStream ,DGCI, D STREAM , BIRCH and STREAM and their efficiency in handling data streams. Furthermore, we highlight the need for developing new algorithms that can handle dynamic and evolving data streams with high efficiency and accuracy. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the efficiency of data stream clustering algorithms and their potential applications in various domains. Data Stream clustering algorithms are continuously evolving to handle the challenges posed by dynamically changing data distributions. In this literature review, we explore the latest advancements in datastream clustering algorithms and present a comprehensive overview of a state-of-the-art approach. Additionally, we provide pseudocode to aid in understanding the algorithm's implementation.

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Keywords:Data stream, onlineK-Means,cluStream, DenStream, DGCI, BIRCH

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The development of new kind of high performance concretes, such as self-consolidated concrete (SCC) or lightweight concrete (LWC) responds to some requirements of the construction industry. Lightweight concrete has been used for a number of applications and is known for its good performance and durability. In structural applications the dead load of a concrete structure is important Sintered fly ash aggregate is the best for the use in structural applications. In addition to the light weight aggregate fibres which are best known for resisting cracks, fatigue , bending , durability etc are also included to get more effective outputs from the members. Specimen were casted with fibres and sintered fly ash aggregate , allowed to cure for a period of 28 days . After the curing period of 28 days specimens are allowed for temperature study of different temperatures at 100?C, 300?C, 600?Cand 900?C . Then allowed to heat in high temperature furnace equipment which has a capacity of 1000?C for 3 hours at each standard temperatures. Compressive strength is known after cooling by using compressive testing machine and then results are compared with normal SCC mixes of M2o and M3o grade of partially replaced with 10,20,30 and with coarse aggregate concrete and consulate produced with sintered flyash aggregate and fibres . Reduction in dead load, cracking, fire resistance of the structure using these light weight aggregate combined with fibres.

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Component, formatting, style, styling, insert

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Yoga is a way to achieve complete balance between the body, mind, and soul. The Sanskrit word 'yuj', which implies union, is where the word yoga first appeared. Fusion of the individual and the collective mind. Practicing yoga can help you keep your equilibrium. Avoiding various health issues requires proper equilibrium. Your body gains a lot from yoga. Your ability to focus and how you approach problems both increases. It's a lifetime choice rather than just an activity. Your mind, body, and spirit will all benefit from it in various ways.

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Yoga, mind, body, balance, Pr???y?ma.

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Modern lifestyle has an impact on our health in various aspects of physical, mental and social. It is important to increase awareness among people about the effects of modern life in order to control the effects of life. The purpose of Yoga is the achievement of physical, mental and spiritual harmony. It is the first science of personal development that cleanses your mind and body and maintains perfect balance and harmony between them. Yoga is the scientific art of controlling our mind. Promoting a healthy lifestyle includes healthy eating, exercise and better ways of communicating and interacting in the community. All these positive effects we can get only by practicing Yoga. Yoga will reduce the risk of many diseases that arise from our daily life. In this article, I will try to analyze the importance of Yoga in modern life for the health of human life. Health is the main goal of everyone and therefore without spending a lot of money by practicing Yoga, one can achieve good health. Therefore this article discusses the importance of Yoga in modern life to encourage the reader to practice Yoga to maintain physical, social and spiritual health. Yoga is a process of training the mind and developing the power of its subtle understanding so that people can discover for themselves the spiritual truths on which religions, beliefs and morals are based. The world practices Yoga for health.

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Keywords: primordial, spiritual truth, good health

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Abstract Labour welfare plays a vital role in the industrial economy of a nation. It promotes and improves the productivity and production besides enabling the workers to raise their standard of living. Labour welfare also builds the morale and loyalty and paves the way to reduce absenteeism and labour turnover. Knowing the importance of labour welfare the government of India had enacted many welfare and social security legislation and the employers are under statutory legal obligation to abide by the provisions of those legislations. Welfare may help retain the employee. Most welfare facilities are hygiene factors according to Frederick Herzberg, they create dissatisfaction if not provided. Replace dissatisfaction, place an employee in favourable mood, provide satisfiers, and then motivation will take place. Welfare facilities besides removing dissatisfaction, help develop loyalty in workers towards the organization. Keywords: labour, welfare, productivity, employee, organization

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Keywords: labour, welfare, productivity, employee, organization

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As we all know big data is used anywhere and everywhere, a big data is a large diverse set of structured, semi-structured and unstructured data. Here we are discussing about use of big data in bioinformatics. A project of bioinformatics to identifying protein disulfide bonds. Disulfide bonds (SS) are post-translational modifications important for the proper folding and stabilization of any cellular proteins with the rapeuticuses, including antibodies and other biologics. With budding advances of biologics and biosimilar, there is a mounting need for a robust method for accurate identification of SS. Even though several mass spectrometry methods have emerged for this task, their practical use rests on the broad effectiveness of both sample preparation methods and bioinformatics tools. Here we present a new protocol tailored toward mapping SS; it uses readily available reagents, instruments, and software. For sample preparation, a 4-h pepsin digestion at pH1.3 followed by an overnight trypsin digestion at pH6.5 can maximize the release of SS-containing peptides from non-reduced proteins, while minimizing SS scrambling. For LC/MS/MS analysis, SS-containing peptides can be efficiently fragmented with HCD in a Q Enactive Orbitrap mass spectrometer, preserving SS for subsequent identification. Our bioinformatics protocol describes how we tailored our freely downloadable and easy-to-use software, Spectrum Identification Machine for Cross-Linked Peptides (SIMXL), to minimize false identification and facilitate manual validation of SS-peptide mass spectra. To substantiate this optimized method, we've comprehensively identified 14 out of 17 known SS in BSA.

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Big data, Bioinformatics, Protein, disulfide bond, faasta file, python, spectrum machine

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The study aims to explore the relationship between demographic factors and impact of social media usage. The objectives of the study are to understand the demographic characteristics and how these independent variables i.e. gender, age, region, marital status and social media literacy impact the social media usage variables with respect to university students. The researcher used a convenience sampling technique to select the 463 sample respondents among university students. The data has been analysed by applying simple frequency distribution, independent sample t test and one-way ANOVA. Understanding all aspects, the respondents as well as the academic institutions should formulate the strategies that can enhance the communication, collaboration, and engagement within the academic community.

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Social Media, University Students, Demographics, Impacting and Usage.

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Self concept and self efficacy are two of the foremost important motivational predictors of educational outcomes. As most research has studied these constructs separately, little is understood about their differential relations to see ability, opportunities to find out in classrooms, and academic outcomes. This study aimed at exploring the relationship of Academic self concept and Self efficacy of adolescents and to find out the differences in these two variables with respect to their gender. The objective was to find out the differences in Self efficacy and Academic Self-concept with respect to gender. The data analysis revealed no significant differences in Self efficacy and academic self-concept of students with respect to their gender.

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Academic Self concept, Self efficacy, Adolescents.

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Women Writing in English in India present the dilemma which modern women are facing nowadays. The women have to suffer due to their self-will and individual ideas. In the novels of Jhabvala, there are girls who have to suffer due to the blind imitation of western culture. Jhabvala presents their modernity with great irony. Through the description of the Indian woman, which Jhabvala gives in her different novels. The paper focuses on Jhabvala's portrayal of women, especially those women who desire eagerly for modernity. Her women characters try to be modern and refuse to comply with their surrounding because of their fascination for modernity. Here Jhabvala presents a vast picture of modern Indian society through her female characters. Jhabvala wants to highlight vivid facets of women's nature. In Esmond in India, Jhabvala portrays different types of women with their nature and attitudes such as - Gulab, Uma, Shakuntala, Madhuri, Lakshmi, Indira and Betty. All these women are different in their nature, manners and attitudes to life. Jhabvala highlights how Westerners come to India with the bright hope of finding a spiritual peace and inward solace and satisfaction but finally, they leave it all disappointed.

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Dilemma, blind imitation, modernity, irony, portrayal, fascination, vivid facets, attitudes, spiritual peace, inward solace, disappointed.

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This study sheds light on the question of Codification of Islamic Law. It tries to explain historical attempts made for unification of Islamic law and explore the factors made these attempts fruitless. The study hinges upon a historical and analytical method and concludes some important finding. According to the study attempts of codification go back to the era of the Abbasid Caliphate. Freedom of Ijtihad was one of the main hindrances making codification of the Islamic Law prohibitive. However the Islamic State has presented different ways to unify the laws.

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Codification, Islamic Law, Ijtihad, Shari'ah, Fatwa

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: Running an Enterprise is not an easy task. In the present world it is a challenge. Any kind of enterprise is always a risky job to do. It binds many things with it. One of the striking factor which binds to the enterprise is the capacity to generate employment. From the society point of view, employment is very important. This employment is very important as it runs the financial belly of the society. Employment brings a financial stability to the society. This will help the many people in short run as well as long run for short term investments and long run investments. But with the growing population, enterprises find it very difficult to manage employment. First challenge is to provide employment to all the present individuals. Another challenge is to get right person for right job. To build the trust of individuals in the domain of employment, private enterprises have started coming up with the idea of Corporate Social Responsibility. This kind of strategy would not only build a good enterprise but also would help in building the society. With this the Enterprises would also build a sound factor of trust amongst the people. This paper discusses about the impact of CSR on Unemployment Rate under Indian conditions.

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Corporate Social Responsibility, Unemployment Rate.

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Agricultural land suitability refers to the ability of a portion of land to be fertile for crop production in a sustainable manner. This kind of analysis makes it possible to identify the main limitations agricultural production and enables decision makers to grow crops management capable of increasing soil productivity. The objective of this research is to identify and delineate the soil that can best support crops using a GIS-based and remote sensing multi-criteria evaluation technique of Gandheswari river basin in Bankura. The most suitable approach for spatial analysis of land suitability using Fuzzy-Entropy is the Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) concept. Several parameters of topography (slope, elevation), morphometric (drainage density), climatic (rainfall, temperature, evapo-transpiration), and soil parameters (sand, silt, clay, soil pH, NPK,) are selected to achieve this goal. All these data are normalized using fuzzification and entropy was used to determine relative importance of criteria and the resulting weights were used to construct the suitability maps using GIS software. The results of agricultural land suitability were extracted with respect to sub-basin level. The Study area has been classified into five categories of agricultural suitability (very high suitable, high suitable, suitable, moderately suitable and unsuitable). The model was tested with respect to its validity as the results were compared with the primary survey using Spearman rank correlation. The validity came out to be 0.98, which is most significant. The results of this research revealed that in the study area, 28.29% of the agricultural land is highly suitable,33.71% is suitable, 12.58% is moderately suitable 14.25% is marginally suitable and11.17% is not suitable for agricultural production. From the Spatial variation of suitability study, It can be shown that in the northern part and around the Susunia hill the not suitable land is found comparatively than the southern part and along the riverside area.

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Suitability Analysis, Fuzzy membership, Shannon entropy, GIS, Gandheswari River Basin

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Agnimandya can be considered as loss of function of Agni. It may occur as a symptom or as a disease itself and may provide background for further progression of the disease. Asana is one of the components of Yoga, which is very commonly applied for health benefits. Even though these are explained in the classical texts but are not in practice due to lack of awareness of their benefits. So keeping these facts in mind, the present study was selected to evaluate the efficacy of Bhujangasana and Pashchimottanasana in Agnimandya. 40 patients fulfilling the diagnostic criteria were selected and randomly allocated into two groups i.e. Group A (Bhujangasana) and Group B (Pashchimottanasana). The patients were assessed before treatment, after the treatment (30th day) and on follow up (45th day). The effect of the treatment was assessed on the basis of gradation of Abhyavaharana Shakti (food intake capacity), Jarana Shakti and improvement in chief complaints. RESULTS: Both Bhujangasana and Pashchimottanasana showed statistically significant effect in Abhyavaharana shakti, Jarana Shakti, Udara Gaurava ,Shiro Gaurava, Gatra Sadana and Kshudamandya. On comparative analysis between the groups, it showed no statistically significant difference.

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 Keywords

KEYWORDS: Agni, Agnimandya, Bhujangasana, Pashchimottanasana

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This paper explores the intra-state disparities in Human Development Index (HDI) in Karnataka and Maharashtra, two states in India. The HDI framework is used to evaluate and compare the overall development trajectories of these states, and to identify specific challenges and disparities within their populations. The paper highlights the importance of the HDI in guiding targeted interventions and tracking the effectiveness of development initiatives over time. Additionally, it discusses how the HDI can facilitate international comparisons and collaboration among nations to advance sustainable development goals. Overall, this paper provides valuable insights into the role of the HDI in promoting balanced regional development and inclusive growth.

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Human Development Index (HDI), Intra-state Disparities., Regional Development

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- Liver disease has significantly grown recently, and in many countries, it is now one of the most dangerous diseases. One of the most active and crucial organs, the liver is in charge of producing nutrients, metabolizing them, and safeguarding a non-toxic bodily environment. Its ability to remove toxins from your blood is one of its most crucial characteristics. People with liver disease are becoming more and more common as a consequence of heavy alcohol use, drugs use, polluted gas inhalation, opioids, contaminated food, and unhealthy habits. Globally, liver disease has a significant death rate. Weight loss may be some sign of liver disease. Eyes and skin that seem yellowish and leg and ankle swelling are some other signs of liver disease. To prevent the loss of lives, it is essential to identify these disorders as soon as possible. Using techniques for classification with machine learning in the healthcare sector is one of the solutions for liver disease prediction. We face a lot of data in the healthcare industry, which is one of the challenges in analyzing and studying the target condition. Choosing features that are more important than other characteristics is a difficulty in the field of disease prediction. To enhance the performance of the most accurate models, feature selection of subsets is done. This study compares models to predict liver disease, including Bayesian networks, MLP, SVM, Random Forest and Particle Swarm Optimization. The goal is to find specific features. The PSO model excels the other features in terms of the criteria for specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy. Early identification of liver diseases can save the loss of human life.

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Machine Learning, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Disease Prediction, Liver Disease, Healthcare,

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This paper draws on qualitative educational research conducted in a variety of low-income countries to investigate the gendered inequalities in education as being complex, multi-faceted, and situated rather than a series of barriers that need to be conquered through linear input-output processes that are focused on isolated dimensions of quality. It argues that the frameworks that are commonly used for thinking about educational quality frequently result in analyses of gender inequality that are fragmented and incomplete. However, by considering education quality in a broader sense as a terrain of quality, it investigates questions of educational transitions, teacher supply, and community participation. Additionally, it develops the understanding of how education is experienced by learners and teachers in the context of their gendered lives and the teaching practices they employ. The article identifies dynamics of power underpinning gender inequalities in the literature by taking an approach that is based on theories of human development. These dynamics of power are played out in a variety of contexts and are influenced by the social, cultural, and historical contexts in which they occur. The review and discussion indicate that achieving gender equity in quality education requires recognition and understanding of how inequalities intersect and interrelate to seek out multi-faceted strategies that address not only different dimensions of girls' and women's lives but also understand gendered relationships and structurally entrenched inequalities between women and men, girls, and boys. To achieve gender equity in quality education, it is necessary to recognize and understand how inequalities intersect and interrelate.

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Gender Inequality, Educational Quality, Low-Income Countries, Situated Inequalities, Human Development Theories, Power Dynamics and Educational Transitions

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Aim of this paper was to perform a phytochemical analysis on Moringa oleifera's aqueous and ethanolic extract in order to determine the plant's antifungal properties. A remarkable plant with numerous therapeutic benefits, Moringa oleifera Lam. has been utilized historically as drug that is both herbal and nutraceutical. Data on the phytochemical and antifungal properties of leaf extracts based on different solvents are patchy. The goal of the research was to assess the potential medicinal benefits of Moringa oleifera Lam's seeds and leaves as herbal remedies. The antifungal qualities of Pongamia pinnata were studied using a variety of plant parts, including leaves, bark, roots, and seeds. Ethyl alcohol, ethyl acetate, and distilled water served as the solvents for extracting powdered plant parts. The study highlights the potential antifungal properties of Pongamia Pinnata, emphasizing the need for further research to identify and characterize the active (antifungal) substances. These substances hold promise for eco-friendly control of fungal pathogens.

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Moringa oleifera,Millettia Pinnata biological analysis,phytochemical analysis,analytical study

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