Volume 12 | Issue 1

 Abstract

In the present work, mucoadhesive nasal microspheres containing clozapine were formulated and evaluated for increasing its bioavailability in cerebrospinal fluid. Clozapine is an antipsychotic agent that is of BCS class II, hence needs to improve its bioavailability at the central nervous system CNS). To make the drug delivery system safer, natural ingredients were used. Various natural polymers and cross-linkers were screened. Starch is a natural polymer crosslinked with citric acid as natural crosslinker. Clozapine-loaded cross-linked starch microspheres (CSMs) were successfully developed for intranasal delivery for CNS targeting using single emulsion cross-linking method. Ex-vivo mucoadhesion study and In-vivo brain targeted study have been carried out using prepared CSMs. More than 90% mucoadhesive strength was achieved using starch as a natural polymer. Noncompartmental analysis was carried out to calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters. Clozapine concentration was analyzed in both plasma and CSF using HPLC analysis. There was a 1.5-fold increase in the bioavailability of clozapine when administered intranasally. Drug targeting efficiency (DTE %) and Drug targeting potential (DTP %) were calculated. There was a 2.4-fold increase in % DTE and a 2.04-fold increase in % DTP for CSMs as compared to clozapine. In-vivo studies showed increased relative bioavailability with the nasal route as compared to the oral route. The intranasal route has helped to attain significant therapeutic levels of the antipsychotic drug in the Cerebrospinal fluid by surpassing the blood-brain barrier and hepatic first-pass effect.

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Clozapine, Mucoadhesion, Intranasal, Bioavailability.

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This research paper delves into the purchase behaviour of consumers in Pune District with a specific focus on Organic Food Products (OFPs). As the demand for organic and sustainable food options grows, understanding the factors influencing consumers' choices and preferences becomes imperative for stakeholders in the organic food industry. The study employs a comprehensive research design that combines quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews to provide a nuanced understanding of the complex dynamics at play. A structured questionnaire is administered to a diverse sample of consumers, encompassing various demographics, socioeconomic backgrounds, and dietary habits. The survey investigates key aspects such as consumer awareness of OFPs, motivations for choosing organic products, perceived benefits and barriers, trust in organic labels, and overall satisfaction levels. Additionally, qualitative interviews with select participants aim to capture deeper insights into the subjective aspects of OFPs consumption, including lifestyle factors and personal beliefs influencing purchasing decisions. This research contributes valuable insights to the existing body of knowledge by shedding light on the evolving landscape of consumer behaviour towards OFPs in Pune District. The findings are anticipated to be beneficial for OFPs producers, marketers, and policymakers, offering strategic guidance for catering to the discerning needs of consumers in this region. As the global shift towards sustainable and health-conscious consumption accelerates, this study addresses a timely and critical aspect of consumer behaviour, providing a foundation for informed decision-making in the organic food industry.

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Purchasing Behaviour, Consumer, OFPs, Consumer Attitude, purchase intentions etc.

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The construction of sarais or rest houses was not a new creation of the kings of medieval period. It was an essential for the highly centralized governrnents to keep their control and communication with the remote areas of their vast empires. The administrations had to erect and maintain structures in the form of rest-houses or sarais in their own interest as well as the interest of their subject. The earliest references to the construction of sarais comes from the period of Chandragupta Maurya apart from the mentioned in the seventh pillar Edict of Ashoka." The sarais built by Sher-Shah and Akbar on the Imperial routes or roads at the interval of two and five kros respectively. The construction of sarais during the period of Sher Shah and Akbar were to a great extent similar nature construction. Thus the tradition survived from the earliest period down to the sixteenth century onwards.

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Sarias in Kashmir under the Mughals

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The paper delves into the portrayal of female lead characters in Bollywood movies, examining the shift from traditional gender norms to a more contemporary viewpoint. Traditionally, Hindi films have depicted the female lead as the epitome of an ideal woman who adheres to societal expectations, while modern women have often been portrayed as the antagonists. However, as attitudes change, the portrayal of female characters has also undergone a transformation. This research paper scrutinizes the evolution of female characters in Bollywood by comparing the positive and negative roles played by women in Hindi films. The objective is to emphasize how certain attributes once associated with negative female roles are now presented as part of the heroine's personality, without being viewed in a negative light.

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Bollywood, Heroine, Vamp, Traditional Gender Roles

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The five essential requirements for human existence are air, water, food, heat and light. Contamination of these elements may cause serious health hazards not only to man but also to animal and plant life. The use of water by man, plants and animals is universal. Without it, there can be no life. Every living thing requires water. The study was designed to understand the different sources of water to mysuru city, Present study focus on the different sources of water and its location, process of purification and supplying of water to consumption areas. The finding shows that the required water of the city is collected from surface water mainly the Cauvery river and Kabini river. The raw water is purified through well scientific methods and water is supplied to consumers through well planned distribution system.

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Contamination, Hazards, Raw water, Purification, Consumption

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Abstract The apparent invisiblity of trans genders in mainstream employment leads to the hypothesis of exclusiveness of the third gender in the labour market.Identification and quantification is an important criteria for ensuring constitutional guarentees of gender equality and protection from violation of human rights. Binary outcomes has served as a stereotyped norm for gender classification and has led the perpetuation of inaccessibility of economic opportunities and social discrimination. Census of India 2011 ,attempted to bridge the data gap by estimating that nearly 4.8 million people of India are non binary. But there has not been a significant change in the pattern of official data collection ever since which limits policies of social and financial inclusion of trans genders.

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Keywords -Lesbian Bisexual Transgender ,Queer (LBTQ ), Sex Reassignment Surgery (SRS)

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Islamic Banking is growing at a rapid speed and has showed unprecedented growth and expansion in last two decades in spite of mismatching of existing financial framework and business practices. The rhythm and the swiftness with which a number of Islamic Banks are coming up across the world have astonished many banking experts. Many international banks like ABN Amro, HSBC, American Express; ANZ Grindlays Bank, Chase Manhattan, Deutsche Bank, Standard Chartered Bank have already opened Islamic Banking divisions across the world especially in Middle East and North African countries (MENA),GCC Countries, Asia, Europe and USA etc. India has the third largest Muslim population in the world, which totals to around 161 million (2011census),i.e.,13-14 percent of the population. The percentage is much higher in some regions like Kerala and State of Jammu and Kashmir. Islamic Bank is a financial institution whose statutes, rules and procedures expressly state its commitment to the principles of Islamic Sharia and to the banning of the receipt and payment of interest on any of its operations. The paper will try to give an insight in to Islamic banking, the various products, present status worldwide and in India.

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Islamic Banks, Grindlays Bank, Mudharabha, Musharaka

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The current study focuses on highlighting the potentials of integrating digital literature towards the development of language skills among elementary school students. A short-term public speaking course was developed and administered via Google Classroom to study language proficiency and engagement. The study, set in the context of Kanpur, Lucknow, and Aligarh, India, aims to unveil the effectiveness of this pedagogical approach. By assessing pre and post-course language proficiency, observing participation levels, and obtaining feedback from both students and parents, the study seeks to provide valuable insights into the potential of digital tools in elementary education. This research not only addresses the specific context of public speaking education but also contributes to the broader discourse on leveraging digital literature for language development in elementary schools. As education paradigms evolve, the outcomes of this study offer practical guidance for educators, policymakers, and curriculum developers looking to enhance language learning experiences through innovative pedagogical approaches.

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Public speaking; ESL; Digital Literature Integration; Language Proficiency; Student Engagement.

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The growth rate of Gurugram has been tremendous in the last three decades and the city has been built on the agricultural land of the nearby villages through the landuse landcover transformation that happened within the flux of socio-economic transformations modulated by private capital. The local government provides the contextualization and path dependencies for the foundational outcomes of neoliberal policies. The regulatory function of the local government is still not less important as it regulates the private capital and restricts its reckless flourishment, modulate its momentum, guides its growth, demonstrate its own dominance, and supports its subordination but legalizes neoliberal logic. The implications of neoliberalism would have been more disastrous for the marginal section of the urban people with intra-city disparity and inequality if the policies of the local government fall under the trap of neoliberal philosophy.

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Neoliberalism; Governance; Welfare; LULC; Private Capital

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This project introduces an IoT-based garden watering system with integrated water consumption analysis, aimed at addressing the pressing need for sustainable water management in gardening. By combining advanced sensor technology, microcontrollers, and a user-friendly interface, the system offers an automated solution for monitoring and regulating the watering process based on real-time soil moisture data. The implementation of water flow sensors enables precise tracking of water consumption, facilitating data-driven insights into optimal watering practices. Through the development of a user-friendly web application, the system empowers users to remotely control and customize watering schedules, promoting efficient water usage and fostering eco-friendly gardening practices. The project underscores the significance of leveraging IoT capabilities to create a smart, data-driven solution for water conservation in gardening, highlighting its potential to contribute to sustainable environmental practices and the effective management of precious water resources.

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SmartIrrigate, GreenTech, AquaSense, IoTGardenCare, WaterSmart, ECOFlow, HydroHub, AquaLink, GardenSense, AquaSync

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Green marketing refers to holistic marketing concept which fosters environmental betterment ensures reduction of trade barriers, standardization, diminished health and safety impacts, enhanced community and employee relationships, high customer satisfaction, trust, loyalty, and elevated brand equity. Indian automobile industry is one of the primary drivers of the nation's economic prosperity. Currently, the automobile industry contributes 7.1% of India's GDP and 49% of its manufacturing GDP. The EV market is expected to grow at CAGR of 49% between 2022-2030.Government of India, and non-governmental organizations are collaborating to foster green pursuit which propels the nation toward sustainability. If strategically implemented then it may generate several commercial opportunities, green jobs, protect environment, and improve the livelihood of people (Rodger, 2016). This study titled "A STUDY ON IMPACT OF GREEN MARKETING ON BUYING BEHAVIOUR OF CONSUMERS OF AUTOMOBILE SECTOR WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO RAIPUR CITY", critically reviews the existing literature on green marketing strategies and collected data to understand the individual and organizational benefits derived from green marketing strategies. The findings of the study are proved by applying sound statistical modeling, states that passenger vehicle companies exhibit a heightened environmental consciousness. However, the purchasing behavior of customers for different types of passenger vehicles, such as cars, SUVs, XUVs, vans, and jeeps, varies significantly. The implications of this study highlights the need for businesses to embrace green marketing, integrate sustainability and adapt to changing consumer preferences and government initiatives. There is ample scope for businesses to grow by abiding eco-friendly practices in the Indian automobile sector.

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Green Marketing, Eco-Marketing, Environmental Marketing, Green Vehicles, and Green Automobile Companies

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: BIMSTEC came into existence in 1997 with the primary goal of improving connectivity between South Asia and Southeast Asia. The organization holds immense potential with various opportunities like easy facilitation of people-to-people connections and its advantageous geographical location. However, despite these advantages, BIMSTEC faces substantial challenges, notably political instability and the ongoing struggle to establish free trade within its framework. In this paper, we draw the conclusion that the effectiveness of this organization hinges on the concerted efforts of member countries to address these challenges. By tackling issues such as political instability and actively working towards the realization of free trade agreements, BIMSTEC can ascend to a higher level of influence and impact in the region. Additionally, we propose the idea that India, being a prominent member, should assume the role of a "big brother." By taking on a leadership role and fostering collaboration among member nations, India can play a pivotal role in steering BIMSTEC towards overcoming its challenges and realizing its full potential as a catalyst for regional connectivity and cooperation.

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BIMSTEC, INDIA, FTA.

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The purpose of this article is to give an in-depth analysis of the concept of damages. Further, an attempt is made to give a hawk-eye view of the types of damages that are considered in the present-day scenario. A special emphasis is given on the issue of Liquidated Damages and an analysis viz-a-viz the construction industry is drawn. Relevant case laws of various courts have been cited thereby explaining the evolution of the jurisdiction of damages from a contractual perspective.

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Damages, Contract, Liquidated, Penalty, Construction

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 Abstract

uccha madhyamik star ke vidhyarthiyo ki saikshik abhiruchi ka adhyayan

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uccha madhyamik star ke vidhyarthiyo ki saikshik abhiruchi ka adhyayan

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The investigation examines the numerous contributing factors to the alarming rise in infant malnutrition. Globally, malnutrition is a major health concern due to the intricate interaction between socioeconomic, dietary, and environmental factors. A holistic approach to address malnutrition is needed considering the complex interplay of these factors, according to the review. The paper provides a snapshot of the state of research on this topic and suggests possible strategies to curb the escalating trend of undernutrition in infants and toddlers. The assessment emphasizes the urgent need for a comprehensive and encompassing approach to combat malnutrition and foster optimal child growth.

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Malutrition, socioeconomic, environmental, dietary factors, rising epidemic, young children, hidden dynamics, complex interplay.

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In the present scenario the banking sector is playing vital role in the economic development of a country like India. The banks are updating themselves with the upgraded technology. The move towards the Digitalization to render the technology based services has changed the path of banks to perform the banking business operations. The present study makes an attempt to evaluate the impact of technology on the financial performance of Canara Bank using the CAMEL model. Different parameters of CAMEL model are identified to study the performance of the Bank. The study is based upon the secondary data, with an attempt to study the performance of bank in the period of Pre and Post IT Enabled era.

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Digitalization, CAMEL model, Financial Performance of Canara Bank.

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The civilization of Balochistan which covers present-day northwest Pakistan and the eastern frontiers of Iran and Afghanistan has recorded history since 650BCE. However, this article aims to discuss the most recent accounts since the invasion of the British Empire and later, accession to the Islamic State of Pakistan. This province has been in a state of conflict since the formation of the sovereign nation. While Baloch nationalists argue that it was a separate nation, Pakistan counters with its admission to British India in 1935. Human Rights violations, suppression of insurgencies, cultural fascism and extrajudicial killings are a few of the assertions against the military and government of Pakistan. With new international stages provided to Baloch nationalist voices, a study of the ongoing conflict becomes more important.

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Insurgency, Pakistan, India, Terrorism, Human Rights, History, Balochistan, Conflict, Nationalism, Military, Suppression, Fascism

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The present study was undertaken to investigate the comparison in academic stress among students of different streams of higher secondary schools in Gujarat. The study is based on primary data collected from the selected sample students consists of 1000 students from aided and un-aided higher secondary schools (XI and XII) in Anand district of Gujarat. The data were collected from randomly selected students from 13 schools in Anand district having seven schools in urban area and remaining six schools from rural area. The results of analysis of comparison of the students of different streams and academic stress scores indicate that there is no significant difference between academic stress of students of all three streams (science, commerce and arts) of higher secondary school

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Academic Stress, Streams, Students

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This research is focused on the mobile based payment services for financial inclusion and sustainability in developing countries. Owing to their differences from more usual mobile-based banking and payment services, such technology is being aggressively promoted by providers of network telecommunication companies. However, the factors influencing its sustainable acceptance remain largely unknown. Study shows Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), by reviewing the different research published on TAM and its relationship with the Sustainability on M-Payment Apps. The research study is assessed with secondary data and prospective Mobile Payment user's approach. Based on the previous research study the perceived ease-of-use is the most significant factor influencing consumers' attitudes to us M-Payment Apps for sustainable development. While perceived usefulness and influence adoption decisions, their impact is much lower. Similarly, the consumer attitudes and intentions were found to have a significant relationship with TAM. These findings will be useful to retain prevailing users and attract new ones, that ultimately helps in sustainable development.

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Keywords: M-Payment Apps, Sustainability, Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)

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This research investigates the merging of education and psychology in order to promote a holistic approach to improve learning and well-being in educational environments. The theoretical framework emphasizes the symbiotic relationship between teaching and psychological concepts, emphasizing an in-depth understanding of students' cognitive and emotional growth. The curriculum integrates evidence-based solutions to accommodate various learning styles and socio-emotional needs, resulting in a more inclusive educational experience. A focal element is teacher training, which provides educators with the tools they need to incorporate psychological insights into their teaching approaches, to create an environment suitable for both intellectual and emotional growth. Through interactive and personalized techniques, student engagement is prioritized, generating intrinsic motivation and a sense of ownership in the learning process. Methods of assessment and evaluation are matched with both academic and socio-emotional milestones, allowing for a more nuanced view of student growth. Social-emotional learning (SEL) is weaved into the curriculum, developing crucial life skills and emotional intelligence. Parental involvement is advocated as a major component, with educators and parents working together to facilitate holistic development. Recognizing the importance of surroundings on the learning experience, the school environment and culture are meant to be positive, inclusive, and conducive to well-being. Long-term goals include developing well-rounded persons with academic proficiency, emotional resilience, and a feeling of community. This integrated strategy aims to provide a happy and supportive educational environment, creating the groundwork for lifelong learning and flourishing well-being.

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Education, Psychology, Holistic approach, Symbiotic relationship, Cognitive growth, Emotional growth, Evidence-based solutions, Teacher training, Inclusive educational experience, Social-emotional learning (SEL)

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