Volume 13 | Issue 1

 Abstract

Nigella sativa, a flowering plant indigenous to the Southwest Asian region, is commonly called black seed or black cumin. The seeds of this botanical species have been utilized extensively throughout history in traditional medicinal applications and culinary practices. This study aims to understand the major phytochemical constituents in the Nigella sativa mother tincture. The qualitative analysis was done with the homoeopathic mother tincture of Nigella sativa. Employing various analytical techniques, a spectrum of bioactive compounds was identified with the homoeopathic medicine Nigella sativa. This study presents evidence of phytochemical components such as alkaloids, tannins, steroids, and quinones. The elucidation of the medicinal compounds in the homoeopathic mother tincture of Nigella Sativa aids in a better understanding of its therapeutic properties, paving further research and development in harnessing the plant's potential for pharmaceutical application.A cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 students in different colleges in India, by administering a questionnaire consisting of premenstrual symptoms and psychosocial stress Assessment scale. Psychosocial stress was assessed using Perceived Stress Scale (PSS10). This study found a strong link between stress levels and menstrual cycle abnormalities in adult female students who experienced premenstrual symptoms such anxiety, mood swings, irritability, headaches, and dysmenorrhea. This suggests that measures to lessen stress can enhance the menstrual health of adult females, lowering future health risks and enhancing quality of life.

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Nigella Sativa, Phytochemical Analysis, Bioactive Compounds, Quinones

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Upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) are common and contagious, often leading to emotional and behavioral disturbances. In the Global Burden Of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 stated that 17.2 billion cases worldwide were reported to have upper respiratory tract infections. This study evaluates the effectiveness of homoeopathic interventions targeting emotional and behavioral symptoms in acute URTIs. A sample of 50 cases aged 18 and above, primarily females (66%), was assessed using a structured case format and the POMS questionnaire. Emotional states such as anger, confusion, depression, fatigue, and tension were linked to specific symptom intensifications, like anger with sneezing and coughing, and fatigue with nasal obstruction. Overall, the study significant the impact of acute upper respiratory tract infections on mental well-being.

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Behavioral effects, Emotional states, Upper respiratory tract infection.

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This research explores the significance of Kent's Twelve Observations in guiding homeopathic practice, particularly at the second prescription. The study assesses how Kent's observations can help homeopaths evaluate patient progress and make informed decisions on future prescriptions. The aim is to determine whether these observations effectively indicate prognosis, correlate with prescribed medicines, and align with clinical diagnoses. A sample of 60 cases was taken from the OPD and IPD of Sarada Krishna Homeopathic Medical College, using a pre-structured case format. After detailed case-taking and repertorization with the Synthesis repertory, the first prescription was given in a single dose of 30c potency. Follow-ups were conducted to monitor changes based on Kent's observations, which were recorded post-treatment. The results showed diverse responses: 32 cases showed no aggravation and full recovery, 17 cases had full-time symptom amelioration without relief. The study concluded that Kent's observations were useful in certain cases but not universally applicable. For chronic diseases, where remedies were changed based on symptoms, Kent's observations were not always helpful in predicting prognosis. In constitutional and pathological prescriptions, these observations did not significantly influence the outcome, indicating their limited role in some cases.

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Kent's Twelve Observations, Prognosis of the case, Synthesis repertory, Repertorization, Second prescription

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Thirty cases selected from OPD, IPD and Peripheral health centre of Sarada Krishna Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital by purposive sampling technique. Duration of the study 1 year. Detailed case taking was done in the pre-structured case format which was followed by case processing and repertorisation. The cases were assessed using Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) pain scale. The assessment was done during the first visit and were also assessed after medicinal intervention for evaluation. The cases were analyzed in the subsequent follow-ups and in cases where there was no significant improvement, there were worked out in 7th chapter, relationship of remedies of BTPB for further prescription. The study results show that female population is more affected, subjects in the age group of 50-59 years are predominantly seen. Among the 30 cases, 60% (n=18) cases had moderate improvement, 33.33% (n=10) cases had mild improvement, 3.33%(n=1) case each, had no improvement and marked improvement respectively, after second prescription using 7th chapter of the Boenninghausen's Therapeutic Pocket Book when compared to the first prescription. The cases were administered with remedies after repertorising in 7th chapter of the Boenninghausen's Therapeutic Pocket Book and in reference to materia medica for arriving at a remedy. It was also evident based on the WOMAC scoring before and after medicinal intervention, in all 30 cases significant improvement was seen.

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Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, Relationship of remedies, Boenninghausen's Therapeutic Pocket Book, Osteoarthritis of Knee

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To validate the "Ailments from" rubric as an eliminating rubric in mind chapter of synthesis repertory 9.1 using Type II Diabetes Mellitus cases. To study the remedies under the "Ailments from" rubric in the mind chapter of synthesis repertory 9.1 using Type II Diabetes Mellitus cases. To determine the effectiveness of Homoeopathic treatment in reducing the Fasting Blood sugar level in patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus using "Ailments from" as an eliminating rubric. To compare the clinical symptoms using Diabetic clinical score before and after the homeopathic treatment . Diabetes is a rising worry worldwide due to factors such as aging, urbanization, unhealthy eating habits, obesity, and lack of physical activity. According to the World Health Organization, the number of people with diabetes globally surpasses 180 million, and this figure might double by 2030. It's a severe and long-term condition with no cure. While conventional medicine offers options like oral medication and insulin, some of these treatments can have harmful side effects. In individuals with type 2 diabetes, intensive blood-glucose management with sulphonylureas or insulin significantly lowers the incidence of microvascular problems but not macrovascular disease. In order to reduce the incidence of the disease new method of treatment is to be established. Homoeopathic treatment may be next possible mode of treatment to control the blood sugar level. This study was conducted in order to find the homoeopathic medicine by using "REPERTORIUM HOMOEOPATHICUM SYNTHETICUM 9.1" as a tool.

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Diabetic Clinical Score, FBS, Homoeopathy, Ailments from rubric , Synthesis repertory , Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

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In homeopathy, understanding remedy relationships is pivotal for effective second prescriptions, particularly with widely used remedies like Calcarea carbonicum. This study investigates the remedy relationship of Calcarea carbonicum by analyzing 60 cases treated at the Sarada Krishna Homeopathic Medical College. Observations focus on remedies administered following Calcarea carbonicum, their duration of action, and subsequent therapeutic changes. The findings reveal the most common complementary and sequential remedies, contributing to enhanced clinical decision-making and patient outcomes. These insights enrich the knowledge base surrounding remedy relationships and sequential prescribing in homeopathy.

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Calcarea carbonicum, remedy relationship, sequential prescribing, homeopathy, second prescription

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Aspergillosis is an fungal infection which manifest both acute and chronic phase. In acute phase it affect about 1-4 million and in chronic 3 million people around world. Aspergillosis is caused by Aspergillusnige rmainly on immune-compromised persons.Homoeopathy is one of the cost effective system of medicine used world widely. Even though there is plenty of clinical studies, Homoeopathic system is lacking in pre-clinical studies. Here the anti-fungal activityofAspergillus niger was studied in-vitro by using Allium cepa, Carbo vegetalis and Phosphorus 200 potencies in SDA medium and the zone of inhibition produced by these three dugs was studied in-vitro. The medicine Carbo vegetalis 200 showed more Antifungal activity with a zone of inhibition of 7mm ,Phosphorus 4mm and Allium cepa 2mm. The control Sacchrum lactis shows only 1mm inhibition. It shows that homoeopathic medicines posses a fungicidal activity and hence it can be effectively used in fungal infections.

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Antifungal activity, Aspergillus niger,Carbo vegetalis, Phosphorus, Alliumcepa, Zoneof Inhibition

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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the third fastest-growing cause of death around the world and is projected to become the fifth most common cause of years of life lost worldwide by 2040. With deterioration in renal function, this leads to the onset of CKD-related complications, such as uremia, anemia, and electrolyte disorders. These complications often manifest as symptoms ranging from pruritus, pain, and insomnia to muscle cramps. This in turn has negative implications on patients' quality of life. Despite medical breakthroughs and the advent of new therapies in the past decades, optimal treatments for some of the symptoms resulting from CKD-related complications remained unclear, possibly due to their complex pathophysiology. Thus, an effective treatment is indeed in case of managing chronic kidney disease where comes homoeopathy. The need of the study is to evaluate the efficacy of homoeopathic medicines lycopodium and eucalyptus in various potencies for chronic renal failure.

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Anemia, Eucalyptus, Homoeopathy, Lycopodium, Renal failure

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Epilepsy remains a major public health problem in developing countries, not only because of its health problems but also for its social, cultural, psychological and economic effects. The burden of epilepsy is frequently larger than the disease itself due to the stigma linked to the condition and common misconceptions about it. School children are particularly impacted as they are developing and engage on many different levels. So this study intends to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice about epilepsy among school students. Descriptive cross-sectional study was under taken in 100 12th class students. Self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. 62% students answered correctly in knowledge domain, 51% showed positive attitude in attitude domain and 43% answered correctly in practice domain. Only 8% students were exposed in management of epilepsy patient.12th class students have average knowledge about epilepsy. But they are poor in attitude and practice regarding epilepsy. There is a need to include health education programs for school children regarding epilepsy.

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epilepsy, knowledge, Attitude and Practices.

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Menstruation is one aspect of sexual maturity that first occurs during puberty in a woman. Menstruation that occurs regularly every month will form a menstrual cycle. Menstrual problems are common among adolescent girls, with a prevalence rate of approximately 50%. Psychological changes in adolescence can affect adolescent emotions that can cause stress. Stress in adolescent one of which can disrupt the menstrual cycle. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of stress levels with the menstrual cycle in adolescents. These deserve careful evaluation as uncorrected menstrual problems may adversely affect the daily routine and quality of life. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 students in different colleges in India, by administering a questionnaire consisting of premenstrual symptoms and psychosocial stress Assessment scale. Psychosocial stress was assessed using Perceived Stress Scale (PSS10). This study found a strong link between stress levels and menstrual cycle abnormalities in adult female students who experienced premenstrual symptoms such anxiety, mood swings, irritability, headaches, and dysmenorrhea. This suggests that measures to lessen stress can enhance the menstrual health of adult females, lowering future health risks and enhancing quality of life.

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Menstruation, premenstrual syndrome, perceived stress scale

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Schizophrenia is a mental condition that is affecting approx. 1.0 percent of the worldwide population, with devastating consequences for affected individuals and their families. Homoeopathy could be an effective alternative mode of treatment and can minimize the consequences of it.This study is done to have a brief review of the condition of Schizophrenia and to evaluate the role of Homoeopathy as an alternative mode of treatment in patients suffering from this condition.The research is performed as an retrospective study by searching Pubmed, IJRH, ISOR-JDMS, WHO, and Medscape databases. Reference books related to medicine and homoeopathy were also reviewed. The search used the keywords like Schizophrenia, Homoeopathy, psychiatry, hallucinations, paranoia, ICD-10, DSM-5, etc.This study is conducted at Peripheral Health Centres, Karode centre for Mentally ill women, EMMAUS Rehabilitation centres at Ummancode, Mekkamandapam and also at the OPD for Psychiatry in Sarada Krishna Homoeopathic Medical College, Kulasekharam.Schizophrenia alters the thinking, feeling and behavior of affected person and is presented in form of delusion, hallucination with social withdrawal. Homoeopathy can be an alternative mode of treatment to not only help in improving this condition but also treat the same. There are not much studies that has been conducted to evaluate the role of Homoeopathy in schizophrenia. Out of few, one study has suggested improvement in the symptoms of paranoid schizophrenia using Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) score system.Schizophrenia is a psychiatric condition not only affecting routine of daily of life but also the Quality of life. Homoeopathy is a non-toxic, gentle, permanent treatment which is based on totality of symptoms (TOS) and individualization. In the process of construction of TOS and individualization, more importance is given to mental symptoms. As again pschizophrenia is a psychiatric condition which affects the mental process of patient, Homoeopathy can be used as an effective method of treatment but to establish the efficacy of it, more studies including randomized controlled trials are suggestede analytical framework contains.The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of stress levels with the menstrual cycle in adolescents. These deserve careful evaluation as uncorrected menstrual problems may adversely affect the daily routine and quality of life. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 students in different colleges in India, by administering a questionnaire consisting of premenstrual symptoms and psychosocial stress Assessment scale. Psychosocial stress was assessed using Perceived Stress Scale (PSS10). This study found a strong link between stress levels and menstrual cycle abnormalities in adult female students who experienced premenstrual symptoms such anxiety, mood swings, irritability, headaches, and dysmenorrhea. This suggests that measures to lessen stress can enhance the menstrual health of adult females, lowering future health risks and enhancing quality of life.

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Schizophrenia, Homoeopathy, BPRS scale, individualization

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Digital technologies are playing a transformative role in addressing gender disparity in India. This work explores how Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) such as e-learning platforms, digital financial services, telemedicine, and e-governance initiatives are contributing in this direction, specifically towards empowering women and bridging the gender gap. An analysis has been carried out on key achievements, existing challenges, and emerging opportunities based on secondary data from government reports, academic literature, international organizations, and institutional presentations. The findings reveal that technology has significantly enhanced women's access to education, employment oppurtunities, healthcare, and entrepreneurship. However, persistent barriers such as digital illiteracy, limited rural connectivity, socio-cultural constraints, and cyber safety concerns continue to hinder inclusive growth. The paper concludes with policy recommendations for building a gender-inclusive digital ecosystem in India.

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Gender Disparity, Digital Inclusion, Women Empowerment, ICT, E-learning, Digital India, Financial Inclusion, Telemedicine, Cyber Safety

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GST, MSME, Odisha, Compliance Cost, Regression Analysis, Input Tax Credit, Regional Development.

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Rajasthan ke gramin vikas mein NABARD ki bhumika

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Rajasthan ke gramin vikas mein NABARD ki bhumika

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The development of OTT platforms in India is a revolutionary change in India's media and entertainment sector. With the advent of digital revolution, increased internet usage, and evolving consumer tastes, OTT platforms have become powerful contenders in the field of content dissemination. In this paper, secondary data will be used to explore the industrial growth of OTT platforms, changes in their content policy, and the evolving trends of viewership in India. It is found that OTT platforms have grown rapidly owing to innovations and investments made in producing original and regional content. Moreover, viewership behaviour has also changed to demand personalized and on-demand viewing experiences.

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OTT Platforms, Digital Media, Industrial Growth, Content Strategies, Viewer Trends, India, Streaming Services

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"Vaishvik Vastr Vyapar - Laghu Udyamiyon ke liye ek Mahatvapurn Sarokar - Sambhavanayen evam Chunautiyan"

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"Vaishvik Vastr Vyapar - Laghu Udyamiyon ke liye ek Mahatvapurn Sarokar - Sambhavanayen evam Chunautiyan"

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This paper investigates the history, beliefs, and cultural practices of the Khas community in the Eastern Himalayan region, particularly of Darjeeling and Sikkim. Historically, the community traces its roots to the western Himalayan region of Nepal, and later extended to the Darjeeling Hills and Sikkim in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Their movement was driven by political uncertainties in Nepal and the growing demand for labour in colonial India. Over a period of time, the Khas people, comprising primarily Bahun and Chettri groups with Brahmin and Kshatriya status, adapted to the indigenous traditions of Darjeeling and Sikkim while preserving their Vedic religious foundations. The study further investigates the engagement of the Khas people with reformist religious movement, such as the 'Pranami Sampradaya' and its promotion of syncretic practices that reflect the plural religious milieu of the Himalayas. This research examines the linguistic shift of the Khas from Khas Kura to modern Nepali, analyzing oral traditions, festivals, rituals, and social status within the community. It also explores how caste, kinship, and language have continued to shape the life and identity of the Khas community while negotiating modernity, state, and identity politics. The study also scrutinizes the active involvement of the Khas Community in regional ethno-political movements, including 'Gorkhaland Movement' and political representation in Sikkim. Ultimately, the paper analyses how the Khas balance traditions with modernity and how their dynamic cultural identity connects past with present experiences linking local and diasporic contexts.

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THE KHAS OF DARJEELING AND SIKKIM: HISTORY, FAITH, AND CULTURE

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The integration of web-based Open Educational Resources (OERs) in secondary education has the potential to enhance teaching effectiveness and student engagement. However, the successful adoption of these resources largely depends on teachers' perceptions and their digital literacy levels. This study explores the relationship between secondary teachers' digital literacy competencies and their perceptions of web-based OERs. A descriptive-correlational research design will be employed, using structured questionnaires to assess both digital literacy and OER perceptions among secondary school teachers. The study aims to identify the extent to which digital literacy influences teachers' attitudes toward OER adoption and to highlight challenges that may hinder effective implementation. Findings from this research are expected to inform professional development programs and guide school policies to support the integration of web-based OERs in secondary education.

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Web-Based Open Educational Resources (OERs), Digital Literacy, Teachers Perceptions, Secondary Education, Educational Technology

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Diaspora, once associated primarily with exile and displacement, has evolved into a complex and multifaceted condition shaped by globalization, transnational mobility, and cultural exchange. This paper explores the diasporic mind through a comparative analysis of Imaginary Homelands by Salman Rushdie and the introductory essay to At Home in Diaspora by Jackie Assayag and Véronique Bénéï. While Rushdie foregrounds memory, imagination, and loss as central to diasporic consciousness, Assayag and Bénéï conceptualize diaspora as a normalized and productive condition of modernity. Drawing on key theoretical frameworks from diaspora studies, including the works of Stuart Hall and Avtar Brah, this paper argues that the diasporic mind is characterized by hybridity, multiplicity, and ongoing negotiation between past and present, home and hostland. The analysis demonstrates that diaspora is no longer merely a site of nostalgia but a dynamic space of identity formation and cultural innovation.

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Diaspora, Hybridity, Memory, Identity, Transnationalism

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Language is the primary medium of human communication through which ideas and experiences are expressed using a system of conventional symbols. Among the four fundamental language skills--listening, speaking, reading, and writing--writing is considered the most complex and is generally acquired last. Writing plays a vital role in effective communication, particularly in conveying ideas to distant readers, and it fosters clarity, accuracy, responsibility, and precision in expression. Despite its importance, many students experience significant difficulties in writing, especially at the upper primary level. The present study focuses on identifying the writing difficulties of VII grade students studying in Kannada medium schools, with specific reference to handwriting and spelling in the English language. The objectives of the study were to ascertain the nature of writing difficulties, analyze difficulties in script and cursive handwriting with respect to gender and type of school

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Writing difficulties, Need and Importance of the study, Objectives of the Study, Analysis and interpretation of data, Educational implication

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