Volume 8 | Issue 9 |

 Abstract

Abstract: The two Ecotypes of Allium hookeri Thwaites were collected from two different agro-climatic zones of Jharkhand for comparative stomatal studies. For stomatal studies leaf is divided into three parts and peeling was done with the help of razor. Peeled material were stained in safranin and mounted in glycerin. Then stomatal index as well as stomatal length and width were calculated by using ocular micrometer. The maximum length (50.0�1.73�) was observed in apex portion of the abaxial surface of Ecotype-II and the minimum length (36.3�0.39�) was observed in the abaxial surface of the basal portion of the ecotype-I. The maximum width size (18.4�0.84�) was observed in the middle portion of the abaxial surface of ecotype -II and the minimum width was (12.09�0.74�) at the apex portion of the adaxial surface of ecotype. Stomatal index was (16.07�1.16) which was maximum in the adaxial surface of the Ecotype-II and minimum in the apex portion of the both abaxial and adaxial surface (10.02�0.811). Through this investigation it must be concluded that anomocytic type of stomata is present in both the ecotypes. However there are some differences in the stomatal index, length and width of stomata. Stomatal study is helpful in understanding the biosystematic studies.

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Index Terms - Allium hookeri, Stomatal index, Anomocytic, Ecotype, Biosystematic.

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School Safety, Gujarat, Review, Literature, Disaster

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Histological and Histopathological observations were made on infected and non-infected digestive gland of snails, Lymnea luteola. Infected digestive gland either with Rediae of cercaria microcaeca (Distome) revealed basically histopathological abnormalities showing the presence of reduced amount of lipids. Alteration either histological or histochemical in infected digestive gland are associated with the type of size of trematode larvae and degree and parasitism and these were greater in digestive glands of infected with sporocysts than in rediae. The amount of lipid increases in the digestive cells of the snails lymnea luteola. The cercariae are directly responsible for the change in the lipid content of the digestive glands of the host shell. The parasites may not take lipids as their food, but accumulation of fatty substances is a direct consequence of carbohydrate metabolism.

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Histopathology, digestive gland, Lymnea luteola, cercaria microcaeca,cercaria dimorpha.

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Dividend income has been taxed in India since the inception of the Income Tax Act, 1961 under the head other sources. However, taxation of dividend incomes has seen a turmoil due to the manifold amendments over the years. The manner of taxing dividend has also undergone changes. Earlier, it was taxable in the hands of the recipient shareholders and thereby required the companies to deduct tax at source. And then, it required the domestic companies to pay a dividend distribution tax on declaration, distribution or payment of dividends out of its current or accumulated profits to its shareholders. However, currently it has again been made taxable in the hands of recipient shareholders. This shift would have created havoc for the recipient shareholders as well as the companies distributing its profits to its shareholders. This paper makes an attempt to review the tax treatment of dividend income from domestic companies on equity shares in the hands of individual shareholders over period commencing from 1997, when corporate taxation in India witnessed major amendments, till 2020 along with the reasons as stated by the then Honourable Finance Minister in his / her Union Budget Speech.

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Dividend, Dividend Distribution Tax, Dividend Tax, Individual, Equity Shareholders

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Cardiovascular (CV) disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the developing and the developed world. Mortality from CV disease had plateaued in the recent years raising concerning alarms about the sustained efficacy of available preventive and treatment options. Sacubitril/Valsartan is a much needed therapeutic advance in the avenue oh CV disease.It may help to live longer and lower chance of having to go to hospital for heart failure. This product contain 2 medications: Sacubitral and Valsartan. Sacubitril belongs to a class of drug called Neprilysin inhibitors and Valsartan belongs to a class of drug called Angiotensin receptor blockers ( ARBs). They work by relaxing blood vessels, so that blood can flow more easily, which makes it easier for our heart to pump blood to our body. This product should not be taken with ACE inhibitors (such as captopril, enalapril), since our risk of serious side effects may increase. Do not take this product for at least 36 hours before or after taking ACE.

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Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, Heart failure, Sacibitril/Valsartan, Reduced ejection fraction, Cardiovascular

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Emotional Intelligence is an important behavioral skill of the employees to enhance their self confidence, to ensure more success in job, to be effective leader and to have the greater impact on the self and others motivation level (Cooper and Sawaf, 1997). Emotional intelligence could also bring liability and commitment, loyalty and trust between staff in organization which could cause higher productivity and effectiveness between teams. (Cooper, 1997). Emotional intelligence is also one of the most important forecasters of organizational success. India is one of the fastest developing nation and economy of the world where the job markets and opportunities are developing rapidly and requires good quality human capital for managing and working in organizations to ensure the growth and development and also to face the ongoing challenges and stiff global competition. Emotional intelligence is nowadays has gained a prominent place in the organizational culture and policies. It is considered as one of the important criteria for selecting, developing and retaining the employees because emotional control, self-balance and good relationship management skills in employees are necessary for ensuring organization growth and success in any sector whether service. The present research study was conducted on the employees working in service sector organizations of West Bengal Region. Emotional intelligence (EI) The main objective of the study was to find the nature of relationship between emotional intelligence and employees effectiveness. The study further aims to find the effect of emotional intelligence and employee effectiveness and to do comparative study variables in between the employees of service sector. Also the effect of demographic factors and nature of organization (Service) was studied on emotional intelligence and employee effectiveness. Goleman refinement model of emotional intelligence (2001) was considered as the basis of designing the conceptual framework of the study. Goleman model is used as base to measure the emotional intelligence in the workplace scenario. The data collection was done on the basis of secondary data and primary data sources. Primary data was collected through a structured questionnaire consisting the information related to demographic characteristics, emotional intelligence and employee effectiveness. Emotional intelligence was studied on the basis of five dimension namely Self-awareness, Self-Management, Social Awareness and relationship Management as defined in Goleman refinement model adopted for the study purpose. The emotional intelligence questionnaire was based on the scale developed by Blackberry and Greaves (2003)in accordance Goleman model 2001. Employee effectiveness is considered as the output to the organization and was studied on the basis of four factors namely job performance, job satisfaction, organization commitment and motivation. Employee effectiveness questionnaire based on items adopted from Aptomsl scale and few items adopted from motivation questionnaire based on the motivation factors developed by ( Lindner, 1998). Collected data was processed by Microsoft Excel 2003 and analyzed by applying various statistical tools and measures with the help of SPSS 16.0 software to test Various hypothesis of the study were tested and accordingly the results and of the research studies were derived which helped in satisfying the objectives formed for conducting the research.

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Demographic Variables, Emotional Intelligence, Employee Effectiveness

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This paper is a comprehensive analysis of code alternation by Yoruba-English bilinguals on the Internet. Specifically, the study investigates the communicative functions of computer-mediated code-switching among Yoruba-English bilinguals on WhatsApp (A chatting application owned by Facebook Incorporated). Code is a �neutral� (as against language, dialect, sociolect and idiolect) term that can be used to refer to any kind of system that two or more people employ for communication. Therefore, code alternation is one of the sociolinguistic approaches to language change in any bilingual community (either the physical/real life community or the cyberspace). Consequently, code-switching is a by-product of code alternation. Code-switching is an important aspect of bilingual discourse and it is seen as performing five communicative functions as evident in the data collected for this study. The functions include the following: a referential function, a directive function, an expressive function, a phatic function and a metalinguistic function. Our findings revealed that the interlocutors on WhatsApp exhibit through their use of language to perform these communicative functions that human interaction takes place within a cooperative activity which is the domain of �Systemic Functional Theory�.

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Code, code choice, code-switching, computer-mediated communication

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In Ayurveda Visha is classified as Sthawara (inanimate) and Jangama (animate). Jangama Visha is the Visha of animal origin.There are sixteen Adhisthanas mentioned by Accharya Susruta. Out of above sixteen Sandansa type toxin is spread by needle like structure e.g. scorpion , Honey bees etc. Madhu (honey) and Madhu-Uchhista(bee wax) are used in most of the Ayurvedic therapeutical drugs. During collecting the honey there are chances of getting attacked by Honey bees. When Honey bee attacks it leaves sting on the site, It causes severe local pain and inflammation and patient may get die due to anaphylactic shock. In Ayurveda Chaturvinshati Upkramas (24 Modalities of treatment of poisoning) are described by Charaka for treatment of Vishas. Lepa is one of them. In various Ayurvedic Granthas there are so many preparation are described for the local appllicaton among them Kesharadi lepa is taken to study the efficacy of �Kesharadi Lepa� as a local application on Honey bee sting.

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Visha, Honey bee sting, Sandansa, Lepa, Kesharadi Lepa

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New product development (NDP) is the process of bringing a new product to the market place.This could involve repositioning of existing product at low prices,or making improvement in the existing product or adding new product items to the existing product line,or for that matter, taking up a product line which a totally new to the organisation or new to the world market.

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Market, Customers, Product.Needs, Development, Satisfaction, Technology.

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The purpose of the present study was to find out how superstition and dysfunctional attitude predict procrastination.A sample of 100 college going girls was selected. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated superstition as a significant predictor of procrastination.

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Procrastination, Superstition, Dysfunctional attitude.

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