Volume 8 | Issue 1 | January-2020

 Abstract

The prevention and control in plant disease plays vital role in architectural filed. Accurate and rapid diagnostic of disease helps to control the disease at early stage. The detection of plant disease using automatic technique is beneficial and reduces large work of monitoring each individual plant in the farm. A combined usage of image processing techniques and machine learning techniques helps to recognize the disease. This paper includes the study of existing systems for plant disease detection. The study includes various technique used for disease detection its advantages and limitations. Based on the existing work analysis, a new system is proposed. In the proposed system, plant leaf image features are extracted using Gabor filter and watershed segmentation algorithm which includes the color, texture and intensity property of image. Based on the extracted features the image is compared with existing disease training data. The test image is labeled with the related disease using classification technique.

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 Keywords

Image Processing, Machine learning, Plant Disease, Naive Bays, SVM, Random Forest

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Caesarean delivery is now one of the most common practices throughout the world. The most common serious side effect of spinal anaesthesia is maternal hypotension. The aim of the current study was to compare the incidence of hypotension with crystalloid pre-hydration and co-hydration in pregnant women undergoing caesarean section. This prospective study was conducted on 50 pregnant women in Parsa, Nepal. The study patients were divided into two groups (crystalloid pre-hydration group and co-hydration group) consisting of 25 patients in each group. Haemodynamic parameters such as heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure were monitored. In the present study after the induction of spinal anaesthesia both systolic and diastolic blood pressure was gradually decreased from baseline among the pregnant women. the blood pressure of the pregnant women with crystalloid co-hydration was significantly higher than that of pregnant women with crystalloid pre-hydration. The occurrence of hypotension among the women with crystalloid co-hydration was significantly lower than of women with crystalloid pre-hydration. Our study shows crystalloid co-hydration administered immediately after the induction of spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section is associated with a lesser incidence of hypotension than crystalloid pre-hydration.

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Spinal anaesthesia; maternal hypotension, crystalloid pre-hydration, co-hydration

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This article looks deeply at the tradition of Gharanas and what constitutes a Gharana. The paper discusses the importance of Gharana in the musical scheme of things. Going forward it discusses how Hindustani music liberates an artist and blooms her/him into a fine artist. Also suggests that Gharanas as rivers of knowledge, it also looks at why it is so. Along with this, the genesis of Gharanas has been studied as well. It is an important study to assess the trajectory of the Gharana tradition from the 16th century till now.

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Although a large number of countries of the world adopted the IFRS for their accounting purposes, when it comes to India despite the strong intention to implement the same in the banking sector, only a partial implementation has been attempted so far. The Reserve Bank of India itself argues for its implementation in its reports. Yet it remains only in intentions and not in implementation. Therefore, the benefits and challenges due to the implementation of IFRS can only be perceived and observations can be made only based on such perceptions. Currently, a large number of studies are available on the benefits and challenges of IFRS. Most of such studies have relied on the arguments after analysing the secondary data. There is a strong need to study the people, business and environment and prepare the ground for the effective implementation of the accounting standards as available in the IFRS. The Reserve Bank of India has also advised the banking and non-banking financial institutions of India as early as 2016. In this paper an attempt has been made to discuss the benefits and challenges of IFRS in the banking sector of India through perceptive observations.

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IFRS, Benefits and Challenges, Banking organizations.

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CSR referring to way that businesses are managed to bring about an overall positive impact on the communities, cultures, societies and environments in which they operate. The fundamentals of CSR rest on the fact that not only public policy but even corporate should be responsible enough to address social issues. However the phases are not static and the features of each phase may overlap other phases. Under the new Companies Act, CSR will become mandatory for companies with profit of Rs 5 crore and more. Companies have specialised CSR teams that formulate policies, strategies and goals for their CSR programs and set aside budgets to fund them. These programs are often determined by social philosophy which have clear objectives and are well defined and are aligned with the mainstream business. The programs are put into practice by the employees who are crucial to this process.

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CSR, evolution of CSR, implementation of CSR.

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Bitcoin is the internet-based world's top-ranking cryptocurrency. It is one of the common cryptocurrencies that are readily available. Bitcoin is most experienced due to the people's anonymity and openness in the device. Daily styles in the bitcoin exchange have acquired popularity amongst fans, investors, individuals, and many more. Bitcoin cost data show preferable residential properties where some classical opportunity collection prophecy approaches use the actions, making unsatisfactory predictions without a probabilistic interpretation. This paper conducts an extensive research study on the development of Bitcoin and an organized evaluation of it. It deeply provides the information for the difference between the digital and virtual currencies, decentralized bitcoin network and compares it with others. The nature and characteristics of bitcoin. Also, depth in the study of the benefits, risks, and challenges of bitcoins. The future and application of bitcoin focus on its stability.

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Cryptocurrency, Bitcoin, Exchanges, Digital currency, Virtual currency, Finance, Ethenium, Decentralization, Distributed network, Centralized network, Risk, Transaction, Bank

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The main aim of this paper is to analyze the security, privacy, and risks in intelligent smart cities in the context of smart cities engagement. One of Smart City Technologies' aims is to collect data to evaluate people's and activities' real-time awareness and to provide decision-makers with information on their effect. Using so-called "behavioral economics," authorities may launch programs that, ideally, will alter conduct for the general benefit. One example is predictive policing. Another includes speed monitoring devices to urge individuals to drive in residential areas more gently. But these sophisticated technologies, if utilized incorrectly, may lead to poor policy [1]. For designers, integration partners, and organizations engaged in the administration of these new organizations, the complex and interconnected structure of intelligent cities presents major political, technological, and socio-economic difficulties. A large body of literature concentrates on the security, privacy, and vulnerabilities in smart cities, emphasizing concerns related to information security and difficulties in the administration and confidentiality of the data for secure networks [1]. This research analyzes several of these issues, gives a useful summary of the relevant important literature, and provides a framework for intelligent city interactions. The report involves numerous key topics within smart cities analysis: data protection and safety for mobile technologies and networks; intelligent infrastructure needs, power grids, medical services, institutional arrangements, methodologies and data protection guidelines, operations and maintenance threats to smart cities, the use and implementation of smart service provision for residents, use of blockchains and the use of social networking sites [2]. This thorough analysis gives a helpful picture of many of the major problems and provides important guidance for future research. The findings of this study will offer researchers and professionals an instructive theoretical framework and point of reference.

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Access control, risk-based access control, security risk, risk factors, risk estimation techniques

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ROLE OF FAIRS AND FESTIVALS IN AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT

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ROLE OF FAIRS AND FESTIVALS IN AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT

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CULTURAL CONFLICT AND ITS INFLUENCE ON EDUCATION

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CULTURAL CONFLICT AND ITS INFLUENCE ON EDUCATION

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Consumers from emerging market like India have greater brand choice from global and domestic companies than ever before. India�s liberalizing policies and changing business environment along with regulatory changes have enhanced the economic growth of India along with expansion of multinational companies in Indian market by setting up of their businesses in India, thereby increasing offerings to Indian markets by setting up of their businesses in India, thereby increasing offerings to Indian consumers. This has increased a wide range of choice to Indian consumers. Companies are interested no0t only in the product but also the behavior of the consumers and brand equity because it gives them the right orientations for brand positioning. Building brand equity is the for most work of the companies to reduce the searching cost of the customers. Brand equity generally grouped intovarious categories. India is the second largest consumer market in the world. The Indian consumer profile has been changed in terms of education, income, occupation and reference group and India habits. There is a shift in consumer brand preference for durables products for the past decade with influx of modern technology. The consumer buying preferences are rapidly changing and moving towards high end technology products with adulterate

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economic, consumers, equity, intovarious..,

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