Volume 6 | Issue 2 |

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ACCESS TO WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION SERVICES: A STUDY OF URBAN POOR IN BHUBANESWAR CITY, ODISHA

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ACCESS TO WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION SERVICES: A STUDY OF URBAN POOR IN BHUBANESWAR CITY, ODISHA

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The present study is confined within a precise modern banking services which have been mostly used by the customers i.e. Automatic Teller Machine (ATM), Tele Banking, Internet Banking, Mobile Banking, Credit card, Debit card, Electronic Clearing Service (ECS), National Electronic Fund Transfer (NEFT), Real Time Gross Settlement (RTGS), Cheque Truncation System (CTS), Dematerialisation. The research is based on data collected from customers of selected public sector banks in Kanyakumari district. The study embodied both secondary and primary data. Primary data has been collected through the questionnaire and also by observations and interviews taken from the respondents personally. The study is also supported by secondary data, which has been sought from various reference books, journals, magazines, newspapers and Internet etc. The purposive sampling method provides a range of alternatives and options in selecting the sample. Hence, purposive sampling technique was adopted to collect details on customers� preference towards the modern banking services of public sector banks in Kanyakumari district. As per the records given by the lead bank, there are 48 branches availing modern banking services in public sector banks in Kanyakumari district. Of the total samples of 118 public sector banks 480 respondents (10 customers) for extracting information relating to the study. It is concluded that the most of the customers in and around Kanyakumari district were aware of the modern banking services offered by the public sector banks. They need not waste much time in a queue and can carry out the transactions within the short span of time. Overall, it enhances that the customers had a positive impact towards the modern banking services offered in Kanyakumari district.

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Modern Banking Services, Preferences, Problems and Public Sector Banks

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Multifunctional composites offer the ability to increase the ef?ciency, autonomy and lifespan of a structure by performing functions that would have been considered by designers as mutually exclusive. In the present perspective paper, a subclass of multifunctional composites is considered: metamaterials. In this perspective, a multifunctional composite is de?ned as �made of two or more materials that perform two or more functions in a manner that is constructive to the overall purpose of the structure� where there is no differentiation between structural or non-structural functions. Equally, we de?ne metamaterials are a class of man-made structures that display properties that are opposite to those typically found in nature. These �engineered� architected materials continue to revisit and extend the boundaries of traditional materials science, opening up a wealth of new opportunities impacting on all aspects of human life. In our work, multifunctional metamaterials are delineated: electrodynamic, acoustic and mechanical. We review the current progress in these types of multifunctional metamaterials in terms of their bandwidth, fabrication techniques and applicability; noting that lattice structures offer considerable potential across all three functionalities. It culminates in the discussion of three key challenges which are seen by the authors as critical in the development of the next generation of lattice-type multifunctional metamaterials; namely, bandwidth, fabrication technique and proof of applicability. Success by the scienti?c community in these areas will lead to 3D multi-scale and multimedia lattice frameworks capable of in?uencing all three types of waves instantly; such a system would be a major technological breakthrough and will rede?ne our concept and understanding of multifunctional metamaterials in the next 10�20 years.

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multifunctional composites, metamaterials, perspective.

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In the field of aviation, maintenance of aircraft is an important process which has a direct bearing in ensuring safe operations. Aircraft maintenance personnel mainly comprise of aeronautical engineers as well as Aircraft Maintenance Technicians (AMTs) who are imparted with requisite knowledge and technical skills for carrying out aircraft maintenance. The maintenance of aircraft is mainly based on preventive maintenance concept which involves various scheduled activities to be carried out by maintenance personnel at regular time periods as laid down by the OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer). In spite of carrying out periodical maintenance of highly reliable modern generation aircraft, there is inherent risk in aviation as ��To err is Human� is an unavoidable aspect in maintenance practices. The consequences of any error on the part of maintenance personnel can be catastrophic resulting in loss of aircrew, passengers and may be disastrous depending on the nature of accident. In most of the aircraft accidents, investigations have revealed that the main causes are attributable to lapses in maintenance activities. Such lapses cannot be eliminated completely as per Murphy�s Law which says that �If anything can go wrong, it will�. However, study on behavioural aspects of maintenance personnel and regular audits of workplace have revealed the criticality of Non-Technical Skills (NTS) such as communication, situational awareness, problem solving and adaptability to working under stress. These skills are as vital as the �hard� technical skills which are required to be developed by the maintenance personnel to ensure operational and maintenance safety at workplace.

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Aircraft Maintenance, Non Technical Skills, Aircraft Accidents and Incidents, maintenance errors

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A Study of Attitude towards Environmental Education Among Students of Bachelor of Education

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A Study of Attitude towards Environmental Education Among Students of Bachelor of Education

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ABSTRACT Natural Gas for containing air Pollution and for sustainable development � A critical Analysis on environmental perspective (By A.VENKATESAN, Research Scholar, School of Law, GD Goenka university, Gurgaon, Haryana. ) The topic sustainable development has got different facets like Zero hunger, clean water, sanitation, health care, gender equality , Clean energy, education, infrastructure etc. I am confining this research study from the perspective of combating air pollution and ensuring clean air by bringing certain significant changes in Petroleum laws/Policies. The major laws that can give new impetus for combating pollution is : 1. Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board Act 2006 (in short PNGRB Act) 2. Petroleum and Mineral Pipelines (Acquisition of Right of User in Land) Act 1962. The Article 21 of the Indian Constitution ensures the Right to life and liberty includes right to decent way of livelihood . In other words, while going for right to Development, the right to breath clean air free from any pollution is also a paramount right envisaged by the constitution. We need to draw a line and reconcile between the two. Of late, the India�s capital city Delhi is considered as GAS CHAMBER for some days owning to the fact that the pollution level was very alarming and the people were subject to lot of respiratory problems like asthma etc. The duty is casted upon the State to guarantee the wholesome air as envisaged by the framers of the constitution of India in the larger public interest. Article 48A of the constitution also mandates protection of environment. The Bhopal Disaster case, MC. Mehta (Taj Trapezium Matter) vs Union of India are land mark judgments of Apex court towards safeguarding the people from environmental degradation . How to combat the pollution thereby paving the way for sustainable development: 1. With the increase of population, the transport vehicles using polluting fuels like Diesel etc have multiplied manifold . The major cause for the air pollution is the vehicular emission and particulate matter. The carbon monoxide emissions from the diesel engines create respiratory problems like asthma, lung cancer etc more particularly to the children reducing life expectancy. The need of the hour is to convert polluting Diesel vehicles into Green fuel . As on today, the number of CNG vehicles are far less than the polluting diesel vehicles. The reason behind the same is that we do not have adequate CNG stations covering nook and corner of India unlike Petrol Pumps to cater to the needs of the CNG vehicles. With the limited CNG Stations, the CNG vehicles have to stand in queue. Moreover as the CNG stations are existing only in main cities without any coverage of the CNG stations in outskirts and villages, the user of CNG vehicle is not in a position to go on long travel due to non-availability of filling stations. However, the PNGRB vide its Notification dated 14.5.2010 stated that the activity of setting up CNG Station can be undertaken only in areas AUTHORISED by the Board. i.e. CNG dispensation can not be done outside any authorized area without the specific permission of the Board. Hence the need of the hour is to augment the CNG stations in all parts of India by filling up the gaps in the existing Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board (PNGRB) Policies/Guidelines by relaxing the rules for opening up of free market for setting up of CNG stations in line with Petrol Pumps instead of restricting the business through PNGRB controlled AUTHORISATION to only certain entities which are into City Gas Distribution. In other words, we need to have Customer Friendly Policy to encourage abundant availability of CNG Stations in all part of India with uninterrupted service for optimum utilization of the Green fuel free from any pollution. 2. Containing Flaring of Natural Gas: In India, the natural gas is continued to be wasted through flaring in various places because the gas as it is difficult to store and transport and hence emergent steps needs to be taken for containing wastage of this precious fuel significantly by bringing in appropriate Policy . Usage of natural resources needs to be moderated to save for our future generations. 3. Bringing User friendly Shale Gas Policy. India needs to pluck the loopholes in Shale Gas Policy to augment maximum utilization of natural resources for achieving Gas Based Economy in India. The above are the tools to the policy makers and policy implementers as the same is crucial for India in achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals/target by 2030. Key Words- Sustainable development, reducing the fuel pollution, environment, flaring of natural gas, shale gas policy. AUTHOR:- A.VENKATESAN, Research Scholar, School of Law, GD Goenka university, Gurgaon, Haryana PHONE:-9591991096 EMAIL ID:-venkatesan@gail.co.in

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Key Words- Sustainable development, reducing the fuel pollution, environment, flaring of natural gas, shale gas policy.

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Various theoretical models for the lattice dynamics of tetrahedral bonded crystal having zinc blende structure have been proposed by different workers.The crystals which are tetrahedral bonded are formed mainly from the Elements of II,III,IV and V group of periodic table . These crystals, which have two interpenetrating , face centered crystal lattice are II-Iv, III-V, IV-IV compounds. These crystals are partially co-valiant and ionic� in bonding except diamond. The lattice dynamical models proposed to describe different interactions inside the crystals should be physically consistent with the nature of bonding in them. The present chapter gives a brief account of different interatomic force models proposed earlier by different workers to describe the lattice dynamics of Zinc blende crystals. Some important force models are described in subsequent sections.

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Brief Review of Lattice Dynamical Models for Zinc-Blende Crystal

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Sustainability and mitigation of carbon footprint has become a matter of strategic importance for all organizations today. As business is expanding in multiple geographies, it is often facing different laws and restrictions to comply with carbon emissions. Reinforcement of global climate agreements i.e. the Paris Agreement at local level often becomes compulsion for multinationals operating at local level to optimize their greenhouse emissions. Besides, lowering of carbon footprint is often associated with positive impacts on a firm�s brand and reputation. Many developed nations have already introduced stringent emission policies like cap-and-trade system and carbon tax - which can directly penalize or incentivize a company�s carbon performance. Low carbon emission initiatives - for example, switching to energy efficient assets, installing solar panels or setting up a green disposal system are often linked with high capital expenditures for business. However, operational optimizations too, may have significant contribution on carbon footprint mitigation with lesser cost. One such operational optimization can be implemented in existing supply chain inbound logistics � known as milk run. Milk-run logistics is commonly adopted by automobile, diary, beverages, airline and freight transportation industries for movement of raw material, spare parts and empties. As logistics and transportation activities are capable of emitting up to four times of greenhouse emissions of a company�s normal emissions, better planning and collaboration with carriers can make a significant difference on company�s overall carbon performance. Objective of this paper is to present a systematic approach of information sharing and collaboration with freight carriers using cloud platforms with special reference to milk run scenarios aiming to optimize carbon footprint and operational cost. Aim of this paper is also to highlight an emerging research area of cloud-based carrier collaboration having potential for betterment of environment and society.

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Milk run, Carrier collaboration, Cloud computing, Carbon footprint, Digital Supply Chain.

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???? ????? ? ?????? ???????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???. ??????? ???????????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ? ?????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???. ???????????????? ?????????????? ????????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ? ???????? ????????? ????? ????. 1776 ????? ???? ??????? ???? �?????????? ???????� ?? ????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ????????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ???. ?? ????????? ????????? ? ????????? ?? ??? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ????????? ??? ????. ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ????. ?????????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ????. ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ??, ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ????????????? ?????? ????? ? ?????? ??????? ?????. ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????. ???? ??? ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ???? ????? ? ?????????? ????-??????????? ????????? ?????????? ????? ????? ????. ?? ??????????? ????. ?????? ?????? ?????????????? ???? ????? ???????????? ??????? ??????. ????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ? ?????? ?? ??? ?????. ????????? ??????? ????????????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ????????????? ?????? ???? ??????. ???? ????????? ????????? ?????????????? ???? ????. ???????? ????????? ????? ??????? ? ??????????????????? ???? ????? ????. �?????????? ?????????� ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????. �?????? ???� ?? ???????????? ????? ??????? ??, ???????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ????. ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ? ????? ?????????? ????? ????. ?????? ????????????? ?????? ??????? ??????, ??????? ????????????? ???? ????????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?????????? ???????? ????. ???????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????. ???? ??????????????? ?????????? ?? ???? ????? ? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ? ????? ???????????? ??????? ??????? ????. ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????. ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ????. ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ????. ?????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????. ????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????????????? ? ?????????? ???? ????. ????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ????. ???????????? ?????? ? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????????????????? ????????? ? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ??? ??????. 2012 ???? ?????????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????. ?? ????????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ??? ????? ????? ?????. ????? ??? ??, ??????????????? ???????? ?????????????? ?????? ??? ?????. ?????????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????. ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ? ????????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??????, ????? ? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????. ???????? ???????????? ???????? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????, ???????? ?????????????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???.

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?????? ???, ?????????? ??????, ?????? ?????, ??????????, ??????????.

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The main purpose of this study was to investigate to compare the selected physical fitness components of Kerala and Maharashtra states. For the purpose of this study 40 female Basketball players (20 from Kerala and 20 from Maharashtra) and the age was ranged between 15 to 17 years were purposively selected as the subject. Muscular strength was measured through flexed arm hang test and score was recorded in seconds, muscular endurance was measured through bent knee sit ups test in one minute and score was recorded in number, speed was measured through 50 yard dash test and score was recorded in seconds and explosive power of leg was measured through vertical jump test and score was recorded in centimeters. To determine the significant difference, independent �t� test was employed for each component separately; the level of significance was set at 0.5 for testing the hypothesis. The findings of statistical analysis revealed that Kerala Basketball players had greater muscular strength, muscular endurance, speed, agility and explosive power of leg than the Maharashtra states Basketball players.

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Muscular Strength, Muscular Endurance, Speed, Agility, Explosive Power of leg, Basketball

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