Volume 11 | Issue 8 | August-2023

 Abstract

An Iris biometrics has gained a lot of attention as of late. It happened because this quantifiable trait ensures a high level of efficiency and accuracy. Recently, iris recognition algorithms have shown outstanding identifying performance. There has been a rise in the use of iris recognition systems as an authentication method due to the fact that an individual's iris is a perfect biometric candidate due to its rich texture. This article details the methods used by the researchers at various points of the iris image recognition system. Additionally, the procedures linked to each stage were examined by the researchers. Seven phases comprise the recognition system: iris image acquisition; iris image quality improvement during the preprocessing phase; segmentation phase involving the separation of an iris region by an image background; normalisation phase involving a rectangle shaping of a segmented iris region; feature extraction phase encompassing an extraction of iris region features; and finalisation phase encompassing feature extraction. The comparative results have shown the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with Gaussian filter (GF) model obtained 99.99% accuracy that is higher than other models. This research endeavours to examine and delineate the phases of existing iris recognition systems.

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 Keywords

Biometric Authentication, Human Iris Recognition, Preprocessing, Segmentation, Normalization, Feature Extraction, Classification, Deep Learning.

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In the digital era, ensuring network security has become paramount as both organizations and individuals confront increasingly sophisticated cyber threats. Staying ahead of these threats necessitates a deep understanding of the latest advancements in cybersecurity. This paper offers a comprehensive examination of recent trends in cybersecurity, encompassing emerging threats, advanced defense mechanisms, regulatory frameworks, and industry standards. The analysis provides valuable insights into the current landscape of network security, emphasizing critical areas requiring further exploration and research to foster a resilient and adaptable cybersecurity landscape.

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 Keywords

Cyber security, Vulnerabilities, Malicious attacks, Malware.

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Computer gaming graphics and animations are at the forefront of technological advancements in the entertainment industry. The development and implementation of these graphics rely heavily on various mathematical concepts and techniques. This research paper delves into the sophisticated mathematical frameworks that underpin the optimization of real-time computational techniques essential for interactive computer gaming and high-fidelity animation systems. By integrating advanced concepts from algebra, calculus, and discrete mathematics, the study aims to enhance rendering algorithms, physics engines, and artificial intelligence in gaming environments. The paper systematically explores the application of quaternions for 3D rotations, spline theory for smooth animations, and graph theory for efficient path finding and decision-making processes. Furthermore, it examines the implementation of partial differential equations in simulating realistic physical phenomena and the use of linear algebra in optimizing graphical transformations and lighting models. Through a series of case studies and computational experiments, this research demonstrates how these mathematical approaches can significantly improve performance, visual quality, and interactivity in modern computer games and animation, pushing the boundaries of what is currently achievable in digital entertainment and simulation industries.

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 Keywords

Computer Animations, Gaming, Mathematics, Visualizations, Transformations

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 Abstract

Bhabani Bhattacharya is undoubtedly one of India's most well-known English fiction writers. He is an author who has piqued the interest of a huge number of readers and academics both at home and abroad. His works include So Many Hungers!, A Goddess Named Gold, He Who Rides a Tiger, Music for Mohini, Shadow from Ladakh and A Dream in Hawaii, which have earned him enormous acclaim and a place among the classics of Indo English literature. His six novels all included a description of the normal post-World War II circumstances as a backdrop.

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 Keywords

Treatment of East and West in the Bhawani Bhattacharya's Shadow from Ladakh

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The National Programme for Organic Production (NPOP) has played a pivotal role in the promotion and regulation of organic farming in India. This review examines the program's background, key components, impact, and achievements, alongside the challenges and limitations it faces. A comparative analysis with international organic standards, supplemented by case studies and success stories, highlights the program's effectiveness and areas for improvement. The study concludes with recommendations for future directions to enhance the efficacy of NPOP, ensuring the sustainable growth of organic farming in India.

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 Keywords

Programme for Organic Production (NPOP), organic farming, certification, India, sustainable agriculture, government policy

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The Si-Sb-ZnO composites were ready by a substance decrease mechanical alloying technique and were utilized as anode materials for lithium-particle batteries. The addition of ZnO nanoparticles significantly enhanced the Si-Sb alloy's electrochemical performance. Particularly, the initial coulombic efficiency of 64.9 percent and the initial specific charge and discharge capacities of the Si-Sb-(ZnO)0.3 composite were 845.1 and 1301.5 mAh/g, respectively. The limit stayed at 690 mAh/g after 200 cycles, and the limit maintenance proportion was 81.6 %, which showed superb cycling dependability and rate ability of the composite materials.

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 Keywords

Lithium-ion batteries, Si-Sb-ZnO composite materials, Electrochemical properties

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In order to improve performance in terms of power consumption, speed, magnitude, hysteresis, and dependability, the CMOS device is utilized. The Schmitt trigger circuit improved compatibility with analog components and low voltage power supplies by reducing power dissipation. This is the most efficient approach. This article presents a comparison between a conventional six-transistor (6T) Schmitt trigger and a four-transistor (4T) Schmitt trigger. The Schmitt trigger is designed in such a way that, by adjusting its voltage, the output can be ended to increase prematurely, thereby reducing the output delay with less converting time and less power consumption. The circuit is replicated in the MATLAB tool in both 180nm and 90nm technology, and a simulation result shows.

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 Keywords

Schmitt trigger, Threshold voltage, Delay, Power dissipation, Hysteresis

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The present study was conducted in an attempt to identify the selected kinematic variables to the technique of Hook shot in Cricket. The following kinematic variables were selected for the purpose of study, namely: Linear kinematic variables at height of center of gravity at selected moments Placement of the foot, Execution (contact) in Angular kinematic variables Ankle joint, Knee joint, Hip joint, Shoulder joint and Elbow. We take five male inter-university cricket players of 18 to 24 years were selected as subjects for the present study. As the subjects had been undergoing training for a considerable period, therefore, it is assumed that they possess a good level of technique of batting. The purpose of the research was explained to all the subjects and subjects were motivated to put their best during each trial. The subject was filmed only in sagittal plane. The camera being used for the purpose was CANON- 70D, a motor driven camera, with the frequency of 24 frames per second. The distance of the camera from the subject was 3.10 meters away and the vertical height of the lens was 1.15 meters from the ground. After the video recording, the video was played and with the help of the computer software, the final position i.e., the moment contacts during placement of feet and execution of hook shot in cricket were obtained on the screen by trial-and-error method and kept in pause. The Centre of the mass of body segment and the whole body along with the angles were determined by Kinovea software.

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 Keywords

Hook Shot, Kinovea, Execution, Kinematic.

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 Abstract

A subfield of artificial intelligence, machine learning is concerned with the development of algorithms for computers that can make judgements independently by analysing historical data and experience. Computer simulation of intelligent human behaviour is a fundamental component of the ever-expanding field of data science. The principal aim is to empower computers to engage in autonomous learning processes and adjust their behaviours without requiring human intervention. A foundational discipline of mathematics, linear algebra is critical for comprehending the mechanisms underlying machine learning algorithms, including the gradient descent algorithm. Calculus is utilised to characterise the process of learning and refining our models, which is present in virtually all models. The aim of machine learning is to construct predictive algorithms capable of acquiring knowledge from data, encompassing instances such as the future cost of fuels in a given country, the visual attributes of an object within an image, or the most effective combination of pharmaceuticals to cure a specific ailment. A vast network comprised of the Internet and telephone lines permits users to exchange data via websites and telephones. The responsibility of network administrators is to establish connections between the originator and receiver while ensuring that the capacity of each link is not exceeded. Ensuring a dependable service is unattainable in the absence of the mathematical principles that underpin queuing theory. The inclusion of Poisson processes in mathematical models guarantees the existence of a contact tone throughout a telephone conversation. The complexity of Internet connection routing arises from the unpredictability surrounding the timing and volume of incoming inquiries. Consequently, the development of packet switching occurred, wherein data is partitioned into more manageable "packets" for autonomous transmission. While this promotes improved network performance and resilience, it is not uncommon for routers to encounter connection failures due to excessive packet burdens. There is a viewpoint that fractional mathematics may eventually play a role in the advancement of an internet service that is considerably more dependable.

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 Keywords

Machine learning, Applications, Mathematics, Artificial Intelligence, Data Science.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Library is a resource center from where information is served towards the students, teachers, researcher etc. college library play an important role in higher education system like college education system and University education system. But Present situation of library and librarian facing a great challenge. This situation arises prominently at the time of pandemic situation (covid-19, from 2019 to 2022). In this paper, I emphasize on technology needed for a college library in the rural place like Jamini Roy College. In this study I have tried to represent finding opportunities on the both library and its users for future development. The study has been done by Document research applied for making related and relevant literature review. Descriptive or survey method is used for investigating the current condition of Jamini Roy College library and what type of barrier facing by the librarian.

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 Keywords

College library services; Service in Covid-19 period; Digital library; Information communication technology; Library management software; virtual library; Library without wall

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition