Volume 11 | Issue 9 |

 Abstract

Predictive Analytics and Artificial Intelligence (AI) stand as burgeoning technologies that have traversed numerous sectors, including the intricate realm of criminal justice. Predictive Analytics, rooted in the analysis of historical data, empowers us to make prescient forecasts concerning future events or behaviours. In contrast, AI harnesses intelligent machines, mirroring human cognitive processes, thereby executing tasks that traditionally hinge upon direct human intervention. Within the milieu of criminal justice, these transformative technologies assume pivotal roles. They are instrumental in forecasting criminal behaviour, discerning potential offenders, and shaping informed decision-making processes. Their pervasive influence envelops various precincts of the criminal justice landscape, encompassing law enforcement, judicial proceedings, and corrections. Importantly, this utilisation is by no means a nascent endeavour. In the Indian context, the deployment of these technologies traces its roots back to the early 2000s. During this era, law enforcement agencies commenced utilising data mining and analytical tools to unveil potential offenders and predict locales prone to criminal activities. In recent years, this momentum has surged, with numerous states and law enforcement entities embracing these tools to elevate their operational efficacy. The imperative of delving into the future nexus of criminal law and technology in India looms large. It is imperative to grasp how these nascent technologies could potentially impact the criminal justice system, recognising the manifold advantages and pitfalls they harbour as they continue to evolve. Paramount among these considerations is the unwavering commitment to safeguarding individual rights, encompassing the hallowed domains of privacy, due process, and equal protection under the law. Furthermore, the assimilation of Predictive Analytics and AI into the fabric of criminal justice must be conceived as a supplementary tool rather than a panacea for the multifaceted challenges besetting the system [1]. While these technologies undeniably confer valuable insights and enhance operational efficiency, they should harmonise with, not supplant, the discerning judgment of human decision-makers. As these technologies perpetually metamorphose, we must earnestly comprehend their latent benefits and perils. Ensuring their utilization adheres to principles of individual rights and complements the sagacious human decision-making process is of paramount import. This discourse endeavours to navigate the labyrinthine landscape of Predictive Analytics and AI within the context of criminal justice, shed light on their historical antecedents, and ponder the profound implications they hold for the future of criminal jurisprudence in India.

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 Keywords

Criminal justice, artificial intelligence (AI), Predictive analytics, smart policing, technological innovations.

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Prison is the reformatory institution in our social system. Indian constitution has introduced judiciary system to control the society. Every individual, who violates the legal laws, is punished by the judiciary. Prison is an environment where criminals are kept for the purpose of reformation. It is an environment with special difficulties and repetitive activities. According to the nature of crime, prisoners have to charge for their criminal activities. Being separated from the family and friends, prisoners have to reside alone in the prison for a long period of time. Everyone around them is unknown. They find no one to share and understand their mental condition and they have to stay with the same situation. This leads to stress and emotionally weak environment in the prison. The present study assesses the effects of imprisonment on the behavior of women inmates. The aim of the study is to find out how prison environment affects the lives of women inmates and their children who are living inside the prison with their mother. The study has been conducted over 22 under trial women inmates of Budaun district jail, Uttar Pradesh, India. The study concludes that prison environment severely affect the mind as well as the health of the women inmates. It also creates negative impact on the behavior of children who are imprisoned with their mother without any criminal activity.

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 Keywords

Crime, Criminality, Women Inmates, Incarceration

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Open-source software, considered generally 'Free' to use to the public, has many hidden costs attached to it when seen in a commercial environment in the disguise of licences. Almost all the software currently available in the market, either free or paid, has some licence attached to it which dictates the extent of its usability and modifiability by the program user. Open-source software does it in the way of setting the steps to be undertaken to maintain openness and ensure the availability of the source code of even the modified software under the same licence, whereas in the case of closed-source software, the company making the software gives out a licence in exchange of a royalty which dictates how software is to supposed to be used, the do's and don'ts of the software and the extent of users of the software. The licence requirements in the case of closed-source software are set by the company making the software. However, even the licences in the open-source community have to pass and accept some guidelines set by the community to maintain the true sense of open-source software. Furthermore, the companies who make the so-called proprietary software use open-source software in the mix to conserve their time and resources but, in turn, find themselves in the web of licence obligations of the open-source software and to fulfil those obligations, have to spend time and resource by also at the end risking the very nature of proprietary software by having to make it Open-source.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Open-Source, Software, Closed-Source. Law. Terms and Conditions, Licence

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Momordica charantia, often called as bitter gourd has traditionally been used to treat diabetes and its consequences in Ayurvedic and Chinese medicine. Bitter gourd is generally ignored owing to its bitter taste even though it is in a good supply of several nutrients. M. charantia is one of the most promising herbs for diabetes today, with both traditional use and contemporary scientific evidence of its therapeutic function. According to several published clinical studies, bitter melon extract from the fruit, seeds, and leaves contains many bioactive components that have hypoglycemic effects in diabetic animals and people. It has many bioactive compounds such as gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, polysaccharides, antioxidants, catechins, charatine, alkaloids, quinine, flavonoids, triterpenoids, etc., and is a good source of minerals and vitamins. Several medicinal effects of bitter gourd have been considered such as anti-diabetic, anti-mutagenic, antioxidant, anti-lipolytic, analgesic, hypoglycemic, anti-viral, and immunomodulatory. The current review aims to emphasize the antidiabetic activity of M. charantia, its bioactive compounds, and clinical trials to clarify its potential therapeutic effects on diabetes.

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Index Terms - Antidiabetic, Bioactive Compounds, Charatin, Bitter Gourd, Momordica Charantia.

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Nowadays, synthetic food colorants are steadily replaced by the natural ones because of consumer preferences due to the health. Natural colorant additives are usually considered as color additives derived from plant or animal sources by extraction. Turmeric is used in this research because of their advantages especially as a source of coloring matter for food industries and textile. Plus, the application of turmeric as food colorant is limited in other research. Turmeric consists of three main components which are curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bisdemethoxy curcumin. In pharmaceutical formulations, excipients offer add-on characteristic properties as integrity, stability, solubility, and patient compliance to those intrinsic properties exhibited by the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs). Natural excipients are nowadays gaining a global interest compared to the synthetic ones being nontoxic, biocompatible, less expensive and widely available. This review describes the major conventional pharmaceutical applications of natural excipients.

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Natural excipients; Conventional formulations; Pharmaceutical industry; Stability

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

??????? ?????????: ????????? ???????????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ????? ??????????. ??????? ???????? ????????????? ???????????? ?????? ???????????? ?? ???????????. ????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????????. ?????? ??????????????? ???????? ???????????????? ??????. ???? ???? ???????????? ????????? ???? ??????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ????????. ?????? ??? ???????????? ????????????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ?????????????????. ????????? ??????????? ????????????? ??????????? ????? ?????????? ????????????. Abstract : Fictional literature naturally records geographical settings. Local literatures are defined as works based on land. Karisal literature is unique among Tamil vernacular literature. Mealanmai Ponnuchamy is one of the Karisal writers. He set up the village of Melanmarainadu where he lived as the space for his writings. His stories and literature are based on the village of Melanmarainadu. This article examines the village of Melanmarainadu described in the stories.

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??????? ??????? : ?????? ?????????, ?????? ?????? ????????????, ??????, ???????? ????????????, ?????????????, ??????? (Local Literature, Karisal Literature, Vertisal, Melanmai Ponnuchami, Melanmarainadu, Village)

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Among the various applications of the theory of perfect domination , the most often discussed is communication network. There has been persistent in the algorithmic aspects of interval graphs in past decades spurred much by their numerous applications of interval graphs corresponding to interval families. The research of the domination in graphs has been an evergreen of the graph theory. Its basic concept is the dominating set and the domination number. The theory of domination in graphs was introduced by O. Ore and C. Berge . A survey on results and applications of dominating sets was presented by E.J. Cockayane and S.T. Hedetniemi . The concept of split and non split domination in graphs and also in Maheswari, B et all . The concept of restrained domination was introduced by J.A. Telle and A. Proskurowski , albeit indirectly, as a vertex partitioning problem. One application of domination is that of prisoners and guards. In this paper, we introduce an algorithm to find a split odd vertices perfect dominating set of an interval graph.

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Interval graph, Dominating set, Split dominating set, Perfect dominating set, Perfect odd vertices dominating set.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The educational scenario has changed unexpectedly as a result of the Kovid-19 pandemic. New methods/methods are evolving in world educational trends to survive and adapt to crisis. While some global trends keep their value some are new trends and future trends. So the information presented here will give the reader an overview of the popular educational trends of the future based on reliable resources. Understanding them will benefit both teachers and students as they can create the right learning environment to most effectively convey and acquire knowledge along with skills.

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online learning, blended learning

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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With the advancement of technology and mass media it seems that the patriarchal system is growing stronger and the objectification of women is more rapidly being promoted and propagated than ever. Cinema, since its inception, has drastically evolved with the help of many technical innovations but its portrayal of the female characters still does not seem to have undergone any revolutionary change. Instead of reflecting the actual reality, it still continues to be a medium of representing and reinforcing patriarchal desires and ideologies. In most of the films, while the male characters are placed at the centre of the narrative, the female characters are positioned at the centre of visual attraction for the gratification of the "male gaze". This is how the female characters are presented as erotic objects whose only significance lies in their ability to provoke and pacify the male sexual desire. In this paper, I aim to analyze how the male audience derives pleasure by watching the female characters in films with the help of Laura Mulvey's theories which she has formed on the basis of Freudian 'scopophilia' and Lacanian 'Mirror Stage' in her essay "Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema." Here, I also intend to interpret instances of how the objectification and stereotyping of the female characters take place in The Blue Angel, The Seven Year Itch, Basic Instinct, and L.A. Confidential, some of the popular Hollywood films in different decades of the 20th century.

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 Keywords

: Psychoanalysis, Objectification, Mirror Stage, Scopophilia, Hollywood Cinema

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Sinusitis is a prevalent inflammatory condition affecting the paranasal sinuses, causing discomfort and reduced quality of life for millions of individuals worldwide. Nasal sprays have emerged as a promising delivery system for sinusitis treatment due to their localized action and improved drug bioavailability. In this study, we aimed to develop a microemulsion-based nasal spray formulation using Basil oil, Eucalyptus oil, and Rosemary oil as the active components for the treatment of sinusitis. The microemulsion formulation was prepared by combining the selected oils with a suitable surfactant, co-surfactant, and an aqueous phase. The selection of Basil oil, Eucalyptus oil, and Rosemary oil was based on their known therapeutic properties in alleviating sinusitis symptoms. Various ratios of the oils were screened to determine the optimal combination that provided the desired characteristics, such as stability, droplet size, and drug release properties. The prepared microemulsion-based nasal spray formulation was evaluated for its physicochemical properties, including pH, viscosity, droplet size, and drug content. In vitro drug release studies were conducted using a modified Franz diffusion cell to assess the release profile of the active components from the nasal spray formulation. The optimized formulation was further subjected to stability testing, including physical appearance, pH, viscosity, and drug content analysis, over a three-month period. The results indicated that the developed microemulsion-based nasal spray formulation using Basil oil, Eucalyptus oil, and Rosemary oil as the active components exhibited favorable physicochemical properties, such as a small droplet size, low viscosity, and uniform drug content. In vitro drug release studies demonstrated sustained release profiles, which are crucial for prolonged therapeutic effects. Stability testing revealed that the optimized formulation remained stable, with no significant changes observed in its physical appearance, pH, viscosity, or drug content during the storage period. In conclusion, the development of a microemulsion-based nasal spray formulation utilizing Basil oil, Eucalyptus oil, and Rosemary oil as the active components presents a promising approach for enhancing drug delivery and efficacy in sinusitis treatment. The optimized formulation displayed desirable physicochemical properties, sustained drug release, and long-term stability. Future in vivo studies are warranted to evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness and safety of this microemulsion-based nasal spray for clinical applications in sinusitis treatment.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Microemulsion, Sinusitis, Essential oils, Nasal Spray

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition