Volume 13 | Issue 9 |

 Abstract

Teacher-student interaction is central to the teaching-learning process, and the interpersonal behaviour of teachers plays a decisive role in shaping students' academic and psychological outcomes. This study examined secondary school students' perceptions of their mathematics teachers' interpersonal behaviour using the Questionnaire on Teacher Interaction (QTI). A sample of 820 students (412 males, 408 females; 445 rural, 375 urban) participated in the study. The QTI measured eight dimensions of teacher behaviour: Leadership, Helpful/Friendly, Understanding, Student Freedom, Uncertain, Dissatisfied, Admonishing, and Strict. Data were analysed using independent samples t-tests to identify gender- and locality-based differences. Results indicated that female students perceived their teachers as significantly more understanding, whereas male students reported greater student freedom, uncertainty, and dissatisfaction. Comparisons across locality showed that rural students perceived their teachers as more helpful, understanding, and supportive of freedom, as well as more uncertain, than did urban students. These findings highlight that perceptions of teacher interpersonal behaviour differ across demographic groups, underscoring the importance of fostering equitable, supportive classroom interactions. The study concludes that mathematics teachers should strive to reduce uncertainty and dissatisfaction while strengthening understanding and supportive behaviours to promote inclusive learning environments.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

teacher-student interaction, interpersonal behaviour, mathematics education, gender differences, rural-urban differences

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Abstract: This research evaluates object identification systems using machine learning techniques for processing satellite photos. It uses transfer learning and multi-object identification deep learning algorithms on remotely sensed satellite data. Five object identification techniques based on YOLO R-CNN architectures were tested, with YOLOv8 showing the fastest detection speed and highest accuracy. Support vector machines were found to be more useful than k-means clustering for object detection on satellite photos. The study also proposes an efficient 3-D CNN model using overlapping 3-D patches and a kernel function, achieving higher accuracy and faster convergence than existing 2-D/3-D CNN methods.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

- Satellite Images, Object Recognition, k-Means Clustering, Support Vector Machines,3DCNN, Hyperspectral Images [HSIs], classification, kernel function

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study examines investor awareness and perception of contemporary investment avenues, including systematic investment plans (SIPs), exchange-traded funds (ETFs), real estate investment trusts (REITs), digital gold, cryptocurrencies, peer-to-peer lending, and robo-advisory platforms. Primary data was collected from 150 respondents in Jaipur using a structured questionnaire based on 5-point Likert scales. The data was analysed with SPSS using descriptive statistics, correlation, t-tests, ANOVA, and multiple regression. The results show that awareness levels are moderate, with SIPs, digital gold, and cryptocurrencies being the most familiar, while REITs, P2P lending, and robo-advisory platforms remain less known. Respondents expressed high expectations of returns and strong acceptance of digital convenience, but also reported concerns about risk and regulatory trust. Correlation analysis indicated that adoption intention is positively related to awareness, return expectation, trust, and digital convenience, and negatively related to risk concerns. ANOVA confirmed significant age differences in awareness, with mid-aged investors (26-45 years) scoring higher than younger groups. Regression analysis explained 53% of the variance in adoption intention, highlighting awareness, expected returns, trust, and digital convenience as positive predictors, while risk and age reduced adoption likelihood. The study concludes that although contemporary avenues are gaining ground, adoption is held back by regulatory uncertainty and risk perceptions. The findings suggest that strengthening investor education, building regulatory transparency, and enhancing trust mechanisms are essential to encourage wider acceptance of new investment products.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Investor Awareness, Perception, Contemporary Investment Avenues, Adoption Intention, Risk and Return

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This paper examines the path of Azaro, a spirit-child or abiku whose life is constantly torn between the spirit and human realms, resulting in a deep sense of exile and a challenge to tell reality from fantasy as he hears ghosts and comprehends animal speech. A herbalist predicted that without a specific ritual, he would continue to suffer from serious illnesses and near-death experiences brought on by his spirit friends frequent enticing songs. Azaro also faces severe poverty and difficult living circumstances, including hunger, his parents' hard work, debt, and a run-down, rat-infested house. He frequently encounters danger and violence, suffering injuries from riots and his wanderings, being physically attacked, and seeing acts of violence in the town. He is emotionally and psychologically exhausted by these supernatural and outside forces, and he experiences loneliness, fear, disorientation, hallucinations, and a sense of helplessness. In addition, governmental corruption, widespread riots, political parties' employment of thugs, and discrimination toward marginalized people are all problems in his social context.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Abiku (Spirit-child), Political Corruption, Spiritual Struggle and Resistance, Personal Transformation, Justice and Responsibility.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

"Medicinal Values In Gene Therapy using Gene Bombardment" Author1:-Pragya Aditya Asst.Prof.Ramshobha college of Education Ramgarh Author2:-Suniti Bala chandra Asst.Prof.Ramshobha college of Education Ramgarh Abstract Gene therapy has emerged as a promising approach for treating genetic disorders by directly modifying or correcting defective genes. Among the various gene delivery methods, gene bombardment (also known as biolistic transformation or particle bombardment) has gained importance due to its ability to introduce genetic material into target cells without the need for biological carriers. In this method, high-velocity microprojectiles coated with DNA are propelled into cells, enabling stable and efficient gene transfer. Gene bombardment offers several advantages such as applicability to a wide range of cell types, bypassing vector-related limitations, and reduced risk of immune reactions compared to viral delivery systems. Its potential in gene therapy lies in delivering therapeutic genes into somatic cells for the treatment of inherited diseases, cancers, and metabolic disorders. Although challenges such as limited penetration depth, possible cell damage, and lower efficiency compared to viral vectors remain, advancements in nanotechnology and delivery optimization are enhancing its feasibility. Thus, gene bombardment represents a significant non-viral strategy in the field of gene therapy, opening new avenues for safe and targeted treatment of genetic diseases. Keyword :-Gene Bombardmen, Gene therapy, Microprojection,nanotechnology, metabolic

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Gene therapy, Gene Bombardment, metabolic, cancer disease, Immunotherapy, Immunology q

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

According to Ayurveda, Ahar, Nidra and Bramhacharya are three Upsthambhas of life. Ahar is first most important Upsthambha. Shadrasa is unique concept put forth by Ayurveda. Ahar encorported with all six rasas like Madhur, Amla, Lavan, Katu, Tikta, Kashay is termed as "Hitaahar" and it is responsible for growth and healthy development of body. On the other hand "Ahitahar" which means food having rasas less than six is not much effective for good health. It may be responsible for dosha imbalance i.e kshaya or vrudhi of dosha. It finally may lead to disease development. So in Ayurveda, it is mentioned that Ahar should ideally include all six rasas. Food tend to increase or decrease doshas because of their rasas. So understanding the knowledge of relationship between dosha and shadrasa is great asset to prevent disease .Each Rasa arises from two of the five mahabhutas. Therefore their unique properties act on the body and three doshas accordingly. Hence this topic is selected to elaborate relationship between shadrasas and doshas i.e vata ,pitta, and kapha for regulation of proper diet.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Upsthambha, Dosha, Shadrasa, Panchamahabhua

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The Vortex Tube Refrigeration System is an eco-friendly cooling technology using compressed air, not electricity. High-pressure air is injected tangentially into a cylindrical chamber, creating a vortex that separates it into hot and cold streams. With no moving parts, it's reliable, low-maintenance, and sustainable. Ideal for industrial spot cooling, portable refrigeration, and emergency systems, it offers a viable alternative to traditional refrigeration in energy-scarce environments.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Input air pressure, Nozzle geometry and tube dimensions are optimized to enhance cooling efficiency.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

WhatsApp; Chatbots; Brand value; Consumer perception; Conversational commerce; India; Service automation

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Hindi Bhasha Ki PathyaPushtak Ki Samiksha Ke Saiddhantik Tatva

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Hindi Bhasha Ki PathyaPushtak Ki Samiksha Ke Saiddhantik Tatva

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The biggest genus of flowering plants in the plumbaginaceae family is called Plumbago indica linn.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Phytochemistry, pharmacology anti -tumor activity review of plumbago indica

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition