Volume 11 | Issue 9 |

 Abstract

In Bangladesh, most of the foodstuffs are they manufactured or processed, are unsafe for consumption or adulterated to varying degrees. This problem persists at every level of the food chain from preparation to consumption. Food manufacturers, processors, restaurants, fast food outlets and so forth are all involved in one way or another in this corrupt practice of adulteration. Foods are adulterated by using various harmful chemicals and toxic artificial colors, on the one hand, and rotten perishables turned to poisonous foods are stored, sold and served to consumers in an unhygienic atmosphere, on the other. The unhygienic and unsafe treatment of food is seriously impacting public health by causing numerous chronic and non-chronic diseases. Despite different reasons for the unsafe treatment and adulteration of foodstuffs in Bangladesh, this study will concentrate on the regulatory failures to combat the current food safety problems persisting in Bangladesh.

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 Keywords

Food Safety, Food Security, Bangladesh, Public Health, Challenges

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Virtual classroom and E learning is becoming popular and effective teaching and learning method for contemporary days. It is very much essential for pandemic situation or natural disaster when face to face class become impossible. Teaching is an art and it depends on the techniques adopted in the classroom and the skills of the teacher. Globalization has brought about a lot of technological changes around the world and it has been reflected in teaching method too. The concept of virtual classroom is one of the recent trends in education and teachers are adapting to it, in order to overcome the barriers of teaching and learning. A virtual classroom is a set of teaching- learning tool which intends to improve learning experience of students with the help of various technological devices. However the present study has conducted to explore virtual class room, to assess terminology related to virtual class room and to find out the challenges of virtual class room. The study was documentary analysis type. Information and data were collected from secondary sources. These were collected from books, research reports, journals, different annual reports, different government and non government websites and different websites. A literature review was conducted by using the internet search, google databases with the virtual classroom. A hand search was also undertaken to relevant journals identified by the electronic search and additional articles identified from the reference list of the key articles. A number of articles have been found on virtual class room. From the study it was evident that virtual classroom and E learning plays significant roles in different situations. All stakeholders of education should have well concepts and well practical knowledge about virtual classroom and E learning, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) related knowledge, knowledge related computer and smart phone. Government should provide economic and technical supports to all stakeholders of education and should provide required training for teachers and students.

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Virtual class room, E learning, Education, Training, Teacher, Student, Computer, Smartphone, Internet, Distance learning.

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Background: Now a days there is increased demand and progress in the nursing profession. Along with these stress among the nurses has also increased. Objective: Purpose of the study was to assess the extent of perceived occupational stress and its association with work-related and non-work related causes among nurses. Materials and method: This Cross-sectional study was carried out among 100 nurses of Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH), Dhaka, Bangladesh. Sampling method was simple random sampling. Data was collected by face to face interview with the help of semi-structured questionnaire and finally all data were analyzed using SPSS software version 21. Results: It was found that 68.5% nurses were between the age of 22 to 40 years, 95.1% were female, 67% were married, 78% were Muslim, 84.6% had diploma, family income of 91.6% were equal to more than 38,000 Tk. and 95.7% used to do clinical work. Only 5.2% found to experience high stress. Statistically significant difference was found between sex, occupational stress and religion, educational status, and type of work (p < 0.05). Few nurses suffered from high stress but high level of stress were more in male, non Muslim, post graduate nurse and those who were engaged in administrative work. Conclusion: Nurse Managers should take appropriate actions to decrease stress helping their nurses to work efficiently and effectively.

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Nurses; occupational stress, Hospital, Occupational Stress, Dhaka, Bangladesh

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The present study deals with the antioxidant potential of Tinospora formanii leaf extracts. The leaves were collected and subjected to solvent extraction. Different solvent extracts (hexane, chloroform, methanol, water) were prepared, and their antioxidant activities were assessed using DPPH, FRAP, nitric oxide, hydroxyl radical, and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assays. Methanol extracts exhibited the highest yield and demonstrated strong antioxidant activity in most assays, with notable IC50 values. The findings underline the significance of solvent polarity in extract yield and antioxidant potential. Methanol extracts showed superior scavenging activity, possibly due to their high phenolic content, making them promising sources of natural antioxidants. These results contribute to understanding the potential health benefits of T. formanii and its extracts in mitigating oxidative stress-related disorders.

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Tinospora formanii, leaf extracts, antioxidant potential.

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This study sought to find out how Suraya-Namaskar, a type of yoga, affected upper body explosive strength. The study involved a randomized controlled trial with a sample of individuals separated into two groups: the experimental group, which engaged in Suraya-Namasakar practice, and the control group, which did not partake in any particular training. Using a medicine ball throw test, the participants' upper body explosive strength was evaluated both before and after the intervention. The experiment's findings showed that individuals in the experimental group who regularly practiced Suraya-Namasakar throughout the intervention period significantly increased their upper body explosive strength. However, the control group did not experience any significant changes in explosive strength at the same period. This implies that Suraya-Namaskar has a beneficial effect on the growth of upper body explosive strength. The results of this study have applications for academics, athletes, fitness buffs, and others who want to improve their upper-body explosive strength. Suraya-Namaskar may provide an efficient substitute for conventional strength training exercises in workout regimens. Additionally, it demonstrates how yoga practices may enhance physical performance and offers fresh perspectives on the fields of exercise science and training approaches. Future studies may also look at the underlying processes resulting in the reported increases in explosive power after Suraya-Namaskar training. In conclusion, this study advances our knowledge of how Suraya-Namaskar affects upper-body explosive strength. It creates new study opportunities in the area of yoga-based training and its conceivable advantages for improving physical performance, particularly in the context of developing explosive strength.

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Keywords- yoga, Surya-namaskar, asana, strength, explosive strength.

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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND : Food which is the source of health and wellbeing of the living organisms. In case of human beings, the physical and mental well-being depends on which food they intake. Hadjod stem is one of the good plants which is used in treatments for various medicinal conditions. Pearl millet is a deep root system comparing with other cereals it holds higher nutritional merits. This product is beneficial for the enrichment of nutritional status. RESULT : Calcium, Magnesium and Phosphorous are the nutrients that good when compared to control. Nutritional factors like Protein, calories and Carbohydrate of the developed product are exceeds from the better sources when comparing the control's sources. CONCLUSION: Finally, the Product which has been developed outperforms the control completely in terms of Nutritional aspects. Due to its nutritive value this product is especially recommended for celiac disease peoples and this product is low in cost which is avail these days.

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Hadjod stem , Pearl millet, Roasting, Dry Heating, Fermentation, Sprouting

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Research aptitude and attitude are very important any master student as they have to go for teaching and research. Teaching and research are the part and parcel for the every faculty member of higher education. Aptitude and attitude skills are very important component to measure the competence to do a certain work at a certain level. Aptitude is a natural talent which can be improved or developed by giving proper training. The research paper helps to understand the need and awareness of research aptitude and attitude of M.Ed. students in Institute of Education, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi. For this research paper, researcher took a sample of 40 M.Ed. students by purposive sampling. By doing analysis of the taken data researcher comes to result that there is no significant association among research aptitude, research attitude and research work of the M.Ed. Students.

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Research Aptitude and Research Attitude

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Dynamic memory management is vital in embedded systems as it allows efficient allocation and deallocation of memory blocks, optimizing resource utilization. It provides adaptability to changing runtime requirements, enabling embedded systems to handle varying data sizes and structures effectively. Furthermore, dynamic memory management plays a crucial role in memory optimization, minimizing fragmentation and maximizing memory usage for improved system performance. This paper investigates the potential of smart and programmable memory management methods to enhance performance and efficiency in MMU-less embedded systems, addressing the challenge of limited space and the increasing use of IoT. The current approach has achieved an improvement in allocation speed, around 3-4 times faster, with a slight trade-off in deallocation speed. Additionally, the outcome includes achieving 0 fragmented memory. Additionally, the paper provides detailed algorithms for implementing memory allocation, deallocation, and defragmentation processes directly within the application software that is already in use. These algorithms offer practical and feasible solutions for managing memory efficiently without requiring significant changes to the existing software infrastructure.

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Internet of Things, Memory Management Units, Dynamic Memory Allocation Schemes, Embedded systems.

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India's National Food Security Act (NFSA) of 2013 stands as a pivotal milestone in the nation's ongoing battle against hunger, malnutrition, and food insecurity. Rooted in the fundamental human right to food, NFSA reflects India's commitment to ensuring food access for its citizens in a life cycle approach. This article dwells into the implementation of the NFSA and addresses the benefits availed by the citizens and the challenges faced in the implementation of the Act. In its conclusion, the article envisions potential avenues for enhancing India's compliance, advocating for policy enhancements, increased funding, and continuous alignment of domestic actions with global aspirations. It unravels a narrative encompassing challenges and triumphs in the pursuit of a world where the right to food is inalienable, and sustenance is guaranteed for every citizen, by dissecting the intricate tapestry of India's compliance with international obligations within the ambit of the NFSA.

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Human Rights, Right to Food

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Since, India was one who ratified the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), as well initially signed the United Nations Organization charter, the makers of the Indian Constitution were well aware of the fact that there are certain natural rights which cannot be overlooked and that the Indian Constitution must contain them as Fundamental Rights. In India, before the enactment of the constitution the concept of equality between male and female was unknown. The constitution, guaranteed equality of opportunity and status to women along with men and special provisions were made for the welfare of the women. However, now the India has an elaborate system of laws to protect the rights of the women. The meaning and content of fundamental rights guaranteed in the Constitution of India are of sufficient amplitude to encompass all the facets of gender equality including protection of women from gender violence.

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Women, Violence, Policies, Fundamental Rights & Duties

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