Volume 11 | Issue 9 |

 Abstract

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study is to assess the effect of hand and foot massage therapy on the pain and quality of sleep among breast cancer patients. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY: Cancer is a global problem and it is a leading cause of death worldwide. Pain and quality of sleep are affected among the cancer patients. Foot massage is a complimentary therapy that has great potential for use by nurse in multidisciplinary pain management programme. Foot massage acts like an analgesic and inhibits those pain signals from being transmitted to the brain. It is the manipulation of superficial and deeper layers of muscle and connective tissue to enhance function and in the healing process and promote relaxation and well being. DESIGN: Control and experimental groups were taken and manipulation was given to the experimental group. Two groups pretest - posttest (experimental and control) design were used in this study. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: The quantitative evaluative approach, randomized control trail design was used. The samples of 200 cancer patients were selected probability simple random technique sampling technique and the samples were divided into experimental and control group based on matching criteria. The data was collected by using two tools a) demographic variables tools, b) pain scale, c) european organization for the research and pittsburg quality of sleep index. The hand and foot massage was administered for the patients. The data was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. FINDINGS OF THE STUDY: The findings were in experimental group, pretest mean score was 8.31, post test mean score was 4.16, in pretest maximum 83% of subjects had very severe level of pain, in posttest 63% of subjects had mild pain. Whereas in control group, pretest mean score was 8.22, post test mean score was 6.55, in pretest 86% of subjects had very severe level of pain, and in post test 56% of subjects had moderate pain. The "t" value in between pretest and post pain scores of experimental group is 29.43, that shows hand and foot massage therapy is effective in reducing pain among breast cancer patients.

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RANDOMIZED CONTROL TRIAL TO EVALUATE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF HAND AND FOOT MASSAGE THERAPY ON THE LEVEL OF PAIN AND QUALITY OF SLEEP AMONG BREAST CANCER PATIENTS IN SELECTED HOSPITALS, SANGRUR, PUNJAB

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It is common knowledge that a country's economy heavily depends on agricultural productivity. It's pretty normal for illnesses to affect plants. Therefore, identifying plant diseases is essential to raising agricultural productivity. When plants are not given the correct care, they might suffer major consequences that have an impact on the quality, quantity, or productivity of the plant's output. For instance, crop failure during The Great Famine (1845-1849) resulted in disease, widespread famine, emigration, and death. Later, biologists came to the conclusion that a natural occurrence called a potato blight was the cause of the famine. Numerous people died, bringing the total to 100,000. Large-scale farms can apply automated disease detection methods on agricultural crops, which will lessen the need for manual crop monitoring and enable the early diagnosis of illness or its signs. This allows the right cure time to work. The application described in this article uses machine learning methods to analyse photos of tomato plant leaves to identify and categorize illnesses. Finding diseases on crops is a time-consuming and vital task in agricultural techniques. It takes a lot of labor, both expert and manual. In this study, computer vision and machine learning approaches are proposed as a smart and effective method for crop disease identification.

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Agricultural productivity, Plant diseases, Crop health, Crop yield, Plant illness consequences

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Antibiotics are chemicals that kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria and are used to treat bacterial infections. Antibiotics are produced in nature by soil bacteria and fungi. Antibiotics are also known as antibacterial and antimicrobial. Antibiotics prevent the bacterial cells from multiplying so that the bacterial population remains the same, thus allowing the host's defence mechanism to fight the infection or kill the bacteria.The first true antibiotic 'Penicillin' was discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928. After the discovery of Penicillin many researchers using the similar discovery and production techniques, discovered many other antibiotics in 1940s and 1950s i.e., streptomycin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, vancomycin, etc. This review is focused on the classification, discovery and mechanism of action of antibiotics so that it will help the future researchers to find the better antibiotics to overcome the antibiotic resistance problem.

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Antibiotics, soil bacteria, origin, mechanism of action.

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The purpose of this study was to find out the prospective elementary teachers' Technological Pedagogical Content and Knowledge (TPACK) in relation to gender, academic level, age and stream of study. A sample of 150 prospective teachers was selected through simple random sampling. The tool used for the study was Teachers' Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge Scale (TTPACKS) developed by Hemant Lata and Leena Sharma (2017). Mean, SD, t-test and ANOVA were used to analysed the data. The findings of the study revealed Prospective Elementary Teachers' Technological Pedagogical Content and Knowledge (TPACK) to be above average and no significant difference was found on the basis of gender, academic level, age and stream of study among the prospective elementary teachers.

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Academic level, Age, DIETs, Gender, Prospective elementary teachers, Stream, TPACK.

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In ancient days the stock exchanges were taken place under the banyan tree. In India, the first stock exchange was taken place in Mumbai in the year 1850. The objective of the study is to overview the Indian stock market and encapsulate the various investment avenues available and to know investors' perceptions regarding investment in the stock market and the survey is done by collecting data in the form of a questionnaire. Utilizing both quantitative and qualitative methodologies, the study uses a mixed-methods research design to collect its data. Through this data which was collected gave us in depth opinion regarding the individual women's opinion regarding the investment in market. The study concluded that the Indians now a days are gradually becoming aware of investment In Indian stock market.

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Awareness, Perception, Stock market, Stock Exchange.

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The Nehruvian Era, a pivotal phase in India's history from 1947 to 1964, marked by the leadership of Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, is renowned for its distinctive foreign policy approach. This abstract offers a comprehensive analysis of the Nehruvian foreign policy paradigm, delving into its fundamental tenets, objectives, and its consequential impact on India's global positioning.Nehru's foreign policy was characterized by several core principles, including non-alignment, peaceful coexistence, and solidarity among the emerging Third World nations. This paper critically examines the formulation and execution of these principles in the face of complex international dynamics. It delves into the multifaceted dimensions of Nehru's diplomatic strategy, dissecting its successes, setbacks, and underlying ideological underpinnings. Central to this analysis is the exploration of key events and challenges, notably the Sino-Indian border conflict and the intricate Indo-Pak relations. By closely scrutinizing Nehru's handling of these pivotal moments, the paper assesses the pragmatic and ideological considerations that shaped his decisions, and subsequently, their ramifications on India's global stature. Furthermore, the paper evaluates India's participation in international forums and institutions under Nehru's leadership, offering insights into the nation's active role in shaping global narratives and policies. Drawing from an array of historical records, primary sources, and scholarly interpretations, this abstract illuminates the intricate tapestry of the Nehruvian foreign policy doctrine. In summation, this analysis advances a nuanced understanding of the Nehruvian Era's foreign policy, shedding light on its enduring significance in shaping India's diplomatic identity and its role in the international arena.

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Nehruvian Era , Foreign Policy , Panchsheel Principle, Third World ,Geopolitics , Contemporary Relevance.

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Abstract: The paper depicts the past life and present life of princes in our country. The poet presents the glory of the princes past and their power. The paper focuses the vitality inherent in Indian culture and tradition. It shows how the princes who were powerful once are thriving for their existence in the present life. The poet takes the most powerful emperor, the Mughal Dynasty to exhibit the pathos in the mind of the readers. The poet has satirically attacked the snotty mentality of the last princes, their bad habits, their intoxication to imported wine and wife and their unpatriotic fervor.

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Key Word: Emperor, sensibility, dynasty, princes, power, tradition, culture, decline, and religion

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Artificial Intelligence is the success of the Machin learning process development of the real world as the effort to program computers to take on human-like cognitive processes. In upcoming world innovation on Artificial Intelligence in the field of Human Resource Management. Development of the AI in HR analysis of documents using upcoming technology predicts the future impact of Human Resource Management. The regeneration of the working situation is in Robotic analysis. The AI concentrates on the less interaction of human activities, it can be designed on its own. The recruitment and selection process for the next generation of HRM is AI. AI creates a new platform for employee skill development. AI is used for the prediction of further development and the selection right person from the huge data. AI implemented in the HR for the adapted the new skills trending analysis among the employee for the next generation.

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Artificial Intelligent, Human Resource, Recruitments

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Money is a system that facilitates exchange in goods and services. Changes in monetary policy affect real economic activities in the short run but affect prices in the long run. The central role of money in exchanging goods and services is that prices are given in the state of money. The Reserve Bank of India controls money supply by conducting monetary policy using a number of tools which includes buying and selling government bonds and securities in the open market, setting reserve requirements, influencing interest rates and most importantly, The Reserve Bank of India has its control over printing of money. In this paper, we will examine monetary policy and policy mix. With special reference to the role of expectation we begin the full employment model with real balance effect. Next we will consider an ISLM model with distinction between real and nominal interest rate. We will explain the policy mix in the context of a shift in the composition of aggregate demand in favour of investment and away from consumption. Incorporating economic and financial data from a national scale, we have presented in our paper the various interpretations and associations between the factors in the use of the model we aim to build. The visualizations made on M3 and other economic deflators tend to inform us about the underlying trend of the movement of the factors over time, which can be useful in predictive analysis of our model. Subsequently, we will examine the consequences of monetary expansion under adaptive and rational expectation.

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real balance effect, rational expectation, inflation, policy mix, monetary policy

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Abstract: According to the ancient concept, the only function of a teacher was to impart knowledge. The teacher was the repository of knowledge from which he imparted knowledge to the students. The purpose of modern education is not only to acquire knowledge but also to develop a complete personality. So today's teacher's scope of work is very wide. Today's teacher's work is not limited to the classroom. In today's education, students gain knowledge and experience from many different areas of life. That is why he has to help the student in his work like a cooperative friend. He is not only a giver of knowledge but also a friend, philosopher and guide. Seventeenth century educationist Comenius said--'Education is the management of the child's knowledge. As a fish learns to swim, a bird learns to fly, an animal learns to run - it will learn. Froebel, the originator of the Kindergarten Education Plan, called the school a 'child's garden', where the children are the plants and the teacher is the gardener. Madam Montessori also called the teacher in her education system, "the principal".

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Teacher's Basic Responsibilities, Child's Teachings Methods, Learning Outcomes

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