Volume 13 | Issue 9 |

 Abstract

This paper presents a comprehensive intelligent public transportation framework integrating Electric Buses (EBs), Internet of Things (IoT) sensors, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Digital Twin technology, Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) services, and Renewable Energy Sources (RES) to achieve sustainable urban mobility. The proposed framework introduces a novel Hybrid Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning and Transformer-Based Optimization Algorithm (MARL-TBO) that simultaneously optimizes dynamic route planning, fleet scheduling, and charging management across a 100-bus urban transit network. A Digital Twin of the entire transit ecosystem provides real-time bidirectional synchronization for predictive decision-making. Battery Degradation-Aware Energy Management considers State of Charge (SOC), State of Health (SOH), thermal dynamics, and passenger load variations to extend battery longevity. AI-based passenger demand forecasting via spatiotemporal deep learning achieves over 95% prediction accuracy. Simulation results over 365 days of operation demonstrate 25-35% reduction in energy consumption, 30-40% reduction in passenger waiting time, 20-30% reduction in operational cost, 15-25% improvement in battery life, and 35-50% reduction in carbon emissions compared to conventional methods. Comparative evaluation against Rule-Based, Genetic Algorithm, PSO, DQN, and PPO baselines confirms MARL-TBO superiority across all performance metrics. The framework establishes a scalable blueprint for next-generation AI-powered electric transit systems.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Electric Buses, Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning, Digital Twin, Vehicle-to-Grid, Battery Degradation, Renewable Energy, Transformer Networks, Smart Grid, Urban Mobility, MARL-TBO

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Adiguru Shankaracharya ki Shikshaon me Yog: Ek Adhyayan

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Adiguru Shankaracharya ki Shikshaon me Yog: Ek Adhyayan

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

"Digital Shiksha aur Kritrim Buddhimatta ke Yug mein Shikshak ki Peshavar Kshamata ka Vikas evam Bhavishya ki Shiksha mein uski Bhoomika: ek Vishleshanatmak Adhyayan"

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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"Digital Shiksha aur Kritrim Buddhimatta ke Yug mein Shikshak ki Peshavar Kshamata ka Vikas evam Bhavishya ki Shiksha mein uski Bhoomika: ek Vishleshanatmak Adhyayan"

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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"Travankor Kshetra mein Samudaayik Jal Prabandhan se Aupniveshik Niyantran tak: Sinchai Neetiyon ke Madhyam se Sansadhan Kendrikaran ka Aitihasik Vishleshan (1800-1940)"

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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"Travankor Kshetra mein Samudaayik Jal Prabandhan se Aupniveshik Niyantran tak: Sinchai Neetiyon ke Madhyam se Sansadhan Kendrikaran ka Aitihasik Vishleshan (1800-1940)"

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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"Mughal Kaleen Prashasanik Vyavastha ka Swaroop: Shahjahanabad aur Fatehpur Sikri ke Sandarbh mein ek Aitihasik Adhyayan"

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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"Mughal Kaleen Prashasanik Vyavastha ka Swaroop: Shahjahanabad aur Fatehpur Sikri ke Sandarbh mein ek Aitihasik Adhyayan"

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) play a crucial role in economic development, particularly in emerging economies like India. To support this sector, both Central and State Governments have introduced various schemes aimed at improving financial access, technological capability, and market competitiveness. This study provides an analytical review of these schemes with empirical evidence from Firozabad district, Uttar Pradesh. Primary data were collected from 60 SMEs to assess awareness, utilization, and perceived effectiveness of schemes such as PMEGP, MUDRA, CGTMSE, ODOP, and state-level initiatives. The findings reveal that while schemes like MUDRA and ODOP are widely utilized and beneficial, others such as CGTMSE and Cluster Development face implementation challenges. The study concludes that improving awareness, simplifying procedures, and enhancing digital support systems are essential for maximizing the effectiveness of government schemes.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

SMEs, Government Schemes, PMEGP, MUDRA, ODOP, Firozabad, MSME Policy

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Background: Psychological well-being is a vital component of child development, influencing emotional stability, social interaction, and mental health. Traditional play activities provide opportunities for socialization, stress reduction, and emotional expression. However, increasing screen time and reduced outdoor play have negatively impacted children's psychological health. Objectives: To assess and evaluate the effectiveness of a structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding traditional play and its role in improving psychological well-being among school-going children. Methods: A quasi-experimental research design was adopted among 400 school-going children in selected schools of Ludhiana, Punjab. A stratified random sampling technique was used. A structured knowledge questionnaire was administered before and after the intervention. The structured teaching programme focused on traditional play and its psychological benefits. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Pre-test findings showed that the majority of children had inadequate knowledge regarding the psychological benefits of traditional play. Post-intervention, a significant improvement was observed, with a large proportion of children attaining moderate to adequate knowledge levels. The difference between pre-test and post-test scores was statistically significant (p <= 0.05). Conclusion: The structured teaching programme was effective in enhancing knowledge regarding psychological well-being related to traditional play. Encouraging traditional play can promote emotional stability, social skills, and mental health among children.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Traditional Play, Psychological Well-Being, School Children, Mental Health

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) offer a sustainable approach to addressing rural energy poverty and inadequate sanitation. By converting organic matter in human waste into electricity, MFCs provide decentralized energy generation while improving waste stabilization and pathogen removal. When integrated with on-site sanitation systems such as pit latrines, septic tanks, or biodigesters, they can deliver small-scale power for lighting, mobile charging, and other basic needs. This comprehensive review synthesizes recent studies (2010-2026) on MFC-sanitation integration, highlighting performance metrics, socio-economic benefits, and technical challenges. Findings reveal promising sanitation improvements and measurable energy outputs, although low power density, material degradation, and maintenance requirements limit scalability. Advances in electrode design, hybrid systems (e.g., MFC-constructed wetlands, MFC-anaerobic digestion), and community-based models offer pathways for practical deployment. Future work should focus on long-term field validation, cost-effectiveness, life-cycle assessments (LCA), socio-cultural acceptance, and policy integration to enable sustainable rural electrification and circular-economy outcomes in off-grid communities worldwide.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Microbial Fuel Cells, on-site sanitation, rural electrification, waste-to-energy, bioenergy, sustainable sanitation, renewable energy integration, constructed wetlands, circular economy, life-cycle assessment.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The Sajolang tribe, predominantly inhabiting the West and East Kameng districts of Arunachal Pradesh, possesses a rich and complex and history regarding their origins. Historically known by the exonym "Miji", the tribe has reclaimed the Sajolang to reflect their indigenous identity. Their history is a sophisticated blend of cosmological myths and documented Tibeto-Burman migratory patterns. This paper explores the 'Bor-Nyibo' primordial split, the linguistic diversions of the 'Dhammai' people, and the specific historical settlement patterns in the Sub-Himalayan tracts.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The Ancestral Roots and Migration of the Sajolang (Miji) Tribe of Arunachal Pradesh: A Detailed Analysis.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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With the rapid expansion of digital technologies, online marketing has become a central tool for businesses seeking to influence consumer behavior. This study explores how various online marketing strategies such as social media marketing, email marketing, search engine optimization (SEO), and influencer marketing impact consumer attitudes and purchasing decisions. Data were collected through a survey of 400 online consumers. The findings suggest that personalized marketing messages, social media engagement, and targeted advertisement significantly shape consumer buying behavior. The results provide practical implications for marketers aiming to improve online engagement and conversion rates.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Online marketing, customer rate

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition