Volume 13 | Issue 9 |

 Abstract

Noise pollution, i.e., the propagation of noise or sound it causes severe harmful effects on humans and animals. When it exceeds 75 dB and feels painful at levels above 120 dB, cities have become the epicenter for pollution and acoustics, which, although invisible, are severely damaging to human beings. Many studies have estimated noise as responsible for premature deaths due to ischemic heart disease. Noise pollution has an enormous environmental impact--damaging wildlife as it interferes with breeding cycles and hastens the extinction of some species. WHO The World Health Organization defines sound above 65 dB as noise. As Mumbai is a large metropolitan city and has astounding noise levels, this study was undertaken to record the different noise levels in various regions of Greater Mumbai.

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 Keywords

Noise, pollution, decibels.

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Gandhiji was a social reformer. He discussed various social economic aspects of the development of society. We can observe in his discussion how equality can be established in society and how society can abandon all kinds of harmful activities and move towards progress. Gandhi tried to enlighten people from all sections of society with the light of education. He emphasized on the issue of there being no discrimination in society and presented various ways on how to establish a society with a discriminatory attitude and a heart that is based on the welfare of all. He spoke about the various principle of like, Sarvodaya, Swaraj and Trusteeship in this regard. He also introduced people from different sections of society to how they can be educated and made self-reliant and self-employed in the society through education. Gandhi makes us realize that the development of people is linked to the development of the nation within society.

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 Keywords

Education, Self-reliant, Non-violence, Development, Sarvodaya, Society, Swaraj, Religion, Equality and Trusteeship

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Conferring to the law of nature, women in our society, have been granted with the divine blessing of experiencing motherhood. After undergoing the medical procedure of child delivery, both the mother along with her child are entitled to receive postnatal care and nourishment. Going through this vital aspect, various measures have been undertaken and implemented by putting women who have experienced motherhood along with their infant at the forefront at every corner in India. The notion of Maternity Benefit revolves around the concept that women in our society irrespective of their social strata are entitled to receive Maternity Benefit on the account of their nature as women of our society are the cornerstone for a developing nation. The Maternity Benefit Act, 1961 has been enacted by the Government of India with the primary goal of carrying forward the obligation which has been cherished through Article 42 of the Constitution of India which provides that "The State shall make provisions for securing just and humane conditions of work and for maternity relief". The said Maternity Benefit Act has proved to be a valuable piece of legislation for women undergoing pregnancy and its primary goal is safeguarding the dignity of women. This piece of legislation provides certain kinds of benefits to especially working women which in turn provides them with aid during their pregnancy period and post-natal care. This research paper is an attempt to highlight the current provisions of the said legislation alongside having a detailed discussion of the how the said legislation plays an pivotal role in upholding gender equality.

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Motherhood, Post- Natal Care, Maternity Benefit, Pregnancy

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 Abstract

Samajik ankeshan:pardarsita aur jawabdehi ki or ek shashakt pahal

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Samajik ankeshan:pardarsita aur jawabdehi ki or ek shashakt pahal

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India's labour laws have changed significantly, reflecting the country's political, social, and constitutional changes. India has made an effort to streamline compliance and enhance worker safeguards by combining twenty-nine central labour laws into four comprehensive labour codes. Serious issues still exist, nevertheless, such as poor implementation, the exclusion of gig and informal workers, and conflicts between workers' rights and economic progress. This essay evaluates the effects of the new labour laws, critically analyses the difficulties facing Indian labour laws, and makes recommendations for modifications that are required to guarantee social fairness and economic competitiveness. India has the second-highest proportion of people in the world who are of working age. India's labour force is a crucial component that influences every aspect of the economy, including capital generation, savings, output, and investments. They are the main tool for attaining socioeconomic advancement. Nonetheless, current industrialization has led to a number of labour issues due to its unfriendly character and diminished amicable and pleasant relationships between employers and employees. In order to prevent exploitation and to protect workers' rights and interests, the Indian government has implemented a number of labour laws.

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 Keywords

Labor laws, labor codes, informal sector, globalization, workers' rights, Challenges, Employers, India, Labor.

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Due to the irreversible nature of intellectual disability, nurturing child leads to significant changes in the psychological temperament of the parents. These parents face many conflicts and problems such as unwanted emotional states when the child has special needs due to disability. The numbers of samples for the present study 22 were purposively selected, comprised of 10 fathers and 12 mothers. The aim of the study is to find out the parents' emotional states when nurturing children with intellectual disabilities. The present research revealed that parent of child with intellectual disabilities experiencing considerable negative emotional states. There is no difference between the emotional experiences of fathers and mothers. Both the mother and the father are emotionally stable. There is a correlation between parents' emotional states and gender. Families of children with intellectual disabilities deal with a lot of stress, including financial, emotional and physical hardships. Compared to father, mother of child with intellectual disability experienced depression and burden. This study logically concludes that despair, depression and burden are experienced by both parents.

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Anxiety, disability, emotions, parents, and stress.

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The emergence of India's International Financial Services Centres (IFSCs), led by GIFT City, is transforming the landscape of global finance by enabling institutions to operate in a globally competitive regulatory environment. While IFSC entities benefit from a principles-based framework driven by the International Financial Services Centres Authority (IFSCA), the role of corporate governance becomes critical in balancing flexibility with investor protection and systemic stability. This article examines how corporate governance is evolving within IFSCs by comparing it with the mandatory frameworks followed by listed and unlisted companies in India. The paper also discusses voluntary practices adopted by IFSC entities, their strategic importance in attracting global capital, and areas requiring regulatory fine-tuning. The article explores measures to strengthen transparency and governance in IFSCs, supporting their evolution in line with global standards and reinforcing India's broader vision of becoming a competitive international financial hub.

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 Keywords

Corporate Governance, IFSC, GIFT City, regulations, SEBI

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The consulting industry, which emerged in the late 19th century, has grown into a vital segment of the global professional services sector. In India, the sector is expanding rapidly due to increasing demand for specialized knowledge, project management skills, and technological adaptability. Indian consulting firms benefit from cost efficiency and local expertise but face challenges such as low brand equity, international competition, and limited global presence. This study examines Live Connections, a recruitment and staffing firm founded in 1996 in Chennai, which has evolved into a multinational player with operations in India, UAE, Singapore, and Qatar. Its services now extend beyond contingency recruitment to include RPO, executive search, staffing solutions, and interview-as-a-service. The company's vision, mission, and SWOT analysis reveal its strong industry presence, adaptability, and client-focused approach. The research also highlights how recruitment and selection practices are being reshaped by digital tools, data analytics, employer branding, and diversity-focused hiring. By combining insights from the consulting industry with the case of Live Connections, the study underscores both the opportunities and challenges for Indian consulting firms in navigating globalization, technology, and a competitive business environment.

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 Keywords

Index Terms -- Consulting Industry, Recruitment, Selection, Human Resource Practices, Live Connections, Indian Consulting Sector, Employer Branding, Digital Recruitment.

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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the serious health issues in the world that causes the death of many people annually. Early CVD diagnosis is important in enhancing survival. The proposed research will contribute to creating a novel system to detect CVDs based on the synthesis of innovative hybrid techniques to impute missing data, detect outliers, balance the classes, select features, and classify them. It is also aimed at improving accuracy and reliability using a new combination of techniques, hyperparameter optimization and prevention of Type II errors. This framework applies a real-time dataset that belongs to the Salem Private Hospital and a benchmark dataset that is found in the UCI repository to identify CVDs. The Heuristic-SHAP Adaptive MissForest (HSAMF) approach addressed missing data by adopting a hybrid technique of imputation that involves the combination of MissForest, SHAP and heuristic rules. Removal of outliers was done through the Hybrid Global-Local-Structural Outlier Detection (HGLS-OD) method, which is a combination of Local Outlier Factor (LOF), Isolation Forest (IF) and Multi-Model Outlier Detection (MMOD) algorithm. Target encoding was implemented on categorical data. Class imbalance was addressed using optimized K-Means and Synthetic Minority Oversampling TEchnique (OKSMOTE), which includes K-Means, SMOTE, optuna and RF. The Min-MaxScaler was used to perform data normalization. The features were selected using the Cluster-Weighted Mutual Information - Genetic Algorithm (CWMI-GA) methodology that comprised the application of Mutual Information (MI), clustering and Genetic Algorithm (GA). Various classification methods had been used, such as traditional methods, such as Optimized Random Forest (ORF), Optimized XGBoost (OXGB) and ensemble techniques, such as Optimized Bagging-Boosting Stacked Ensemble (OBBSE), Optimized Heterogeneous Soft Voting Ensemble (OHSVE), Optimized Feature-Augmented Heterogeneous Stacking (OFAHS), Optimized Heterogeneous Bootstrap-Ensemble (OHBE) and Optimized Heterogeneous Sequential Boosting (OHSB). Optuna was used to maximize the classification and threshold tuning procedures. The OFAHS model was superior to all the other models with the default threshold of 99.1% when applied to real-time data and 97% when applied to benchmark data. The ideal threshold of 0.47 greatly minimized Type II errors. With this threshold, accuracy increased further to 99.4 and 98.5 on real-time and benchmark data, respectively. Thus, not only were the Type II errors lowered by modifying the threshold, but also the reliability of the forecasts was enhanced. This study demonstrates significant improvement in cardiovascular disease detection through advanced methods that led to improved data handling, accuracy, and performance. The findings are the precursors of the prospective advancements in cardiovascular diagnostics and health management.

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 Keywords

Cardiovascular Disease, Pre-Processing, Ensemble Classification, Tuning, Type 2 Error Reduction

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Soil stabilization is a fundamental aspect of geotechnical engineering, especially when addressing the behavior of non-clayey soils. Although these soils generally present fewer challenges compared to clayey soils, issues related to strength, compressibility, and shear performance under loading still necessitate effective stabilization techniques. While traditional stabilizers such as cement, lime, and synthetic fibres have been widely used, the use of natural fibres has recently gained attention as a more sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative. Among the available natural fibres, bamboo stands out due to its abundance, renewability, and favorable mechanical properties. This study investigates the feasibility of using bamboo fibres to enhance the geotechnical properties of non-clayey soils, specifically silty sand by analyzing their effects on strength, compressibility, and shear behavior. Bamboo fibres, locally sourced and processed, were incorporated into soil samples at varying percentages (0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1% by dry weight). Standard laboratory tests, including Atterberg limits, Proctor compaction, and direct shear tests, were conducted to evaluate the impact of fiber reinforcement on the physical and mechanical characteristics of the soil. The results demonstrated that bamboo fibre reinforcement led to noticeable improvements in strength and ductility compared to unreinforced samples. Additionally, compaction characteristics were enhanced, with an increase in maximum dry density (MDD) and a reduction in optimum moisture content (OMC). Specifically, OMC decreased from 12.16% in untreated soil to 8.48% at 1% fibre content, indicating improved compaction efficiency and a denser soil structure. Although the MDD improvement values were not explicitly stated, the trend indicated increased density with higher fibre content. Shear strength also improved significantly with the inclusion of bamboo fibres. At a normal stress of 50 kPa, shear strength increased from 29.5 kPa (0% fibre) to 35.33 kPa (0.75% fibre). At 100 kPa, it rose from 57.01 kPa to 66.33 kPa, and at 150 kPa, from 84.53 kPa to 97.33 kPa for the same fibre content. These results confirm that bamboo fibre reinforcement enhances the mechanical performance of non-clayey soils, making it a promising and sustainable alternative for ground improvement applications.

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 Keywords

Soil, Bamboo fibre, Soil-improvement, Strength.

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