Volume 11 | Issue 9 |

 Abstract

The Government of India has designed and implemented number of schemes and programmes for poverty alleviation, employment generation and women empowerment as these are the core issues to address to attain the economic development. There are number of schemes for people residing in rural, urban and remote areas that range from SGSY, SGRY, SJSRY, REGP, SHGs etc. The basic reasons for poverty in India are population explosion, low agriculture productivity, unemployment, inflation and the social caste-system. The Self help groups (SHGs) model of empowerment and income-generation address the issues of poverty especially that of the poor women, SHGs helps in social, economic and political empowerment of women and promotes economic development. The model has been supported by banks, financial institutions and NGOs with participative approach with the members of the self help groups. Many states and union territories of India are successfully promoting and supporting the Self help group model of poverty alleviation and women empowerment.

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 Keywords

Poverty alleviation, women empowerment, SHG, NABARD and microfinance

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Wastewater treatment and the management of sludge, a byproduct of the treatment process, are critical components of environmental sustainability and public health. This research delves into the intricate world of sludge management, where sludge is derived from the removal of solids in wastewater treatment processes. The study focuses on sewage treatment plants in Jaipur, Rajasthan, and aims to enhance our understanding of sludge properties, treatment methods, and potential utilization. Over six months, sludge samples were collected, treated, and rigorously analyzed for their physical and chemical properties. The results reveal alkaline characteristics, varying moisture and solid contents, and significant nutrient levels in the sludge, which could be valuable for agricultural applications. The research also evaluates the effectiveness of treatment methods, such as centrifugation and sludge drying beds, highlighting their potential for improved sludge management. Overall, this study contributes to the broader discourse on sustainable wastewater management and sludge utilization practices, emphasizing the importance of resource recovery and environmental stewardship.

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 Keywords

Wastewater, sludge treatment

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Abstract: Manipur, the land festivals with rich cultural heritage bosoms with diverse identities of multi-ethnic myriad inhibited in every corner of the state. The state's captive scenic beauties of the green clad forests and hills where wild flowers roll in waves, lingering with free-flowing rivers and entangling amidst a small valley is a matter of vivid appreciation. Aesthetic apprehension will overwhelm one whosoever has a glimpse of the Nature's glory blossoming with the stretches of mankind's inhabitation. The rhythmic echoes of folksongs, folklores hymned at the festivals and rituals on the onset and the retreat of the seasonal cycle filled the air. A sense of intrinsic gratification will overflow perceiving it as 'fate' to be a denizen of this state. Lives, livelihood and survivorship is webbed with the nature and initiatives of untapping the natural resources need special concerns. Any act hampering the natural ecology plunders the lives of many thousand people. Manipur has many other numerous commissioned, planned and proposed Dams/Multipurpose Projects. The 105 Mega Watt (MW) Loktak Project, the Khuga Dam, the Singda Dam, the Khoupum Dam, Tipaimukh Multipurpose Hydro Electric Project (HEP), Khongnem Chakha Dam, Pabram HEP, the Mapithel Dam/Thoubal Multipurpose Project etc, caused massive internal displacements. Vast tracts of land have been submerged in the upstream villages while leading to desertification in the downstream villages. Homesteads, houses, farms, schools, churches, community buildings, standing trees, forest, personal and many community belongings are being submerged in the upstream villages. Displaced Chadong villagre of Mapithel Dam is one glaring example. In the downstream village of the same dam, their livelihood is mainly claimed by the Thoubal small scale sand mining on the river bank. However, after the construction of the dam, the river bed dried up scarcity of resources reeled in the villages. Tumukhong is one such example. Nothing less is the impact Khuga Dam to its affected villagers. The farmers along the stretch of the Khuga Dam irrigation canal is unleased with hardships due to its frequent breach. water supply from the dam is unsatisfactory. Not even a single unit of electricity is generated from this dam, that cost more than 400 crores of public fund, submerging vast tracts of fertile land at the same time leading to desertification of many villages. The paper will be an attempt to explore how multipurpose project implementation plundered the ecology and natural environment generating social disorganisation.

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Key Words: Heritage, Dams/Multipurpose Projects, Mapithel Dam/Thoubal Multipurpose Project, Implementation, Upstream, Downstream, Submergence, Desertification

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Air pollution has become a serious problem these modern days. Poor air quality is commonly found in larger cities, and is the result of a growing industrialization that pollutes the air we breathe with contaminants like industrial dust, smog and other particles from traffic. The solution from a user perspective is to use an air purifier that cleans the air from these particles. An air purifier can also be used to ease annoyance for people suffer from allergies. However, most air purifiers on the market today are made with one-time use filters, and incur a regular cost for the consumers. Air pollution is present outside in the environment and has become difficult to provide safety inside the house. This polluted air can cause many serious health problems in cities. If someone is suffering from breathing problems like Asthma or Sinus or suffering from any lung problem then air purifier acts as a surviving tool. Air purifier reduces the chances of health issues caused by indoor pollutants, which directly trigger neurological problems, respiratory infection or symptoms in asthma suffering. Hence, the fabrication of a low-cost solar powered air purifier made using a filter, Activated Carbon Filter, Solar Panel, and some miscellaneous components that can become a low-cost but efficient alternative for surviving in such difficult times. This air purifier uses various processes like filtering large dirt particles on the first pre-filter, then capturing dust particles and smoke molecules at the filter, and uses Carbon-filter to capture micro-particles produces clean purified air.

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Carbon filter, air purifiers, air quality

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The Harijan community in Bangladesh is one of the most marginalized and disadvantaged groups in society. They face exclusion from the broader community and are deprived of basic necessities. The aim of this research is to investigate the various forms of social exclusion and discrimination experienced by the Harijan community in their daily lives. By utilizing a qualitative methodology, the study reveals that social exclusion contributes to various types of discrimination, and both factors have a detrimental impact on the Harijan community. Through conducting in-depth interviews and analyzing documents, this research demonstrates that social exclusion resulting from caste and occupation-based stigmatization hinders the integration of Harijan individuals into mainstream society and leads to multiple forms of discrimination. The study argues that caste and occupation-based social exclusion restricts the Harijan community's access to housing, basic necessities, social connections, education, income, and employment opportunities, thereby perpetuating a life filled with discrimination for this community.

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 Keywords

Harijan, Social exclusion, Discrimination, sweeper community, and Rajshahi.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Cryonics is the process of bring the dead back to alive. Deductively Cryonics is the act of saving life by stopping the perishing system by subfreezing temperatures with the plan of re-establishing great wellbeing with clinical innovation in future. Cryonics is an endeavor to safeguard and safeguard human existence, not converse demise. It is the act of utilizing outrageous cold to endeavor to safeguard the existence of an as of now not be upheld individual by the present medication. Will future medication, including mature nanotechnology, be able to recuperate at the cell and atomic levels? Would cryonics be able to effectively bring the cryopreserved individual forward through time, for notwithstanding what number many years or hundreds of years may be essential, until the cryopreservation cycle can be switched and the individual reestablished to full wellbeing? While cryonics might seem like sci-fi, there is a reason for it in genuine science. The total logical story of cryonics is only from time to time told in media reports, leaving cryonics generally misconstrued. We welcome you to arrive at your own decisions.

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 Keywords

Brain dead, vitrification, cryogenic, cryoprotectant, freezing.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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There are several reasons why traffic accidents occur so regularly nowadays, and it would be simple to point the blame at one or more of them. Lack of effective shielding from glare is one of the few factors. We are putting out a fresh approach to combat glaring. This would assist drivers in maintaining their attention on the road and help guard against being diverted by any other light sources. This will eventually affect reducing traffic accidents. The variable lighting conditions and possible glare from headlights make nighttime driving challenging. We suggest a system that automatically modifies the brightness of a vehicle's headlights in response to the amount of ambient light and the presence of objects in front of the car to address this problem. The system uses an ultrasonic sensor to determine the distance to objects and a Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) to monitor ambient light. The sensor inputs are processed by a microprocessor, which then adjusts the headlights' brightness as necessary. The goal is to improve visibility without annoying or glaring other vehicles. Our method seeks to increase safety and lower the risk of accidents brought on by poor vision when driving at night by dynamically regulating the headlight brightness. We want to develop a dependable and effective solution that improves nighttime driving while putting everyone's safety on the road first via testing and certification. Advanced sensor technologies are used in this system, which uses an ultrasonic sensor to determine how close things are and a Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) to track ambient light levels. A powerful CPU processes these sensor data, and after that, it controls the brightness of the vehicle's headlights dynamically. The primary objective we have is to improve visibility when driving at night without obstructing other traffic or glaring at other cars. Our method intends to greatly enhance road safety and reduce the probability of accidents caused by nighttime visual impairment. It does this by adjusting headlight brightness in real time based on the current conditions. We are committed to creating a stable and incredibly powerful solution as we set out on this adventure. We will use stringent testing and certification procedures as part of our approach to make sure that our system not only complies with but also surpasses safety and performance requirements. Our ultimate goal is to redefine how we address nighttime driving issues while prioritizing the safety of all road users.

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 Keywords

Micro-Controller, sensors, LDRs, Motorized Headlight Control, Prevention of Night glare, Bifocal lens.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The convergence of e-commerce and sustainable agriculture represents a pivotal intersection in the global pursuit of environmentally responsible and socially equitable food production and distribution systems. This article delves into the multifaceted relationship between e-commerce platforms and sustainable agriculture practices, highlighting their potential to address pressing ecological and societal challenges. It examines how e-commerce facilitates the proliferation of sustainable agricultural products, the reduction of food waste, and the empowerment of small-scale farmers through expanded market access. Additionally, the article explores the adoption of innovative technologies, such as precision farming and block chain, to enhance the sustainability credentials of the agricultural supply chain within the e-commerce landscape. Furthermore, it emphasizes the importance of policy frameworks and consumer awareness in promoting this symbiotic relationship. Ultimately, this article underscores the transformative potential of e-commerce as a catalyst for advancing sustainability within the agriculture sector while offering insights into the evolving dynamics between digital commerce and responsible food production.

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 Keywords

e - commerce, sustainable agriculture, block chain, consumer awareness.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Domestic violence may include physical or verbal abuse towards another and among the family members and between the couple either married or unmarried. The perpetrator may be mostly Men and victim is women. Have to go through tough times and have to face throes. But now situation has changed. Now, the perpetrator may be Women and victims will be men. Thus now it's revolving around different- different aspects." The implications and consequences are unwarranted and untoward. Nobody wants to face this kind of violence as they traumatize and dampens the health conditions of the person or victim. India being a patriarchal or male dominated society, included mainly the women victims, and they are being suppressed, subjected to cruelty and humiliation, and not a case of stunning, may also includes sexual abuse. Marital rape is one of the domestic abuses against the men or women either, on which there are no prescribed laws and regulations due to which this is not even illegal and criminal act. Think when someone is humiliating you sexually without your consent even after being the closest family members. This will create a unforgettable scenario in one's mind. Thus, we have laws against domestic violence, for women as victims, in Indian laws and had been recognized in 'Indian Penal Code' [IPC] also there are various acts like 'Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005. Also it is not the case like where this type of violence takes place only in family, but also children can also be subjected to domestic violence. The term domestic violence has the wider ambit and put many wider aspects under its aegis.

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 Keywords

Women, Men, Domestic violence, marital rape, children

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Temporomandibular disorders are common, most frequently in young to middle-aged women, and most settle with supportive treatment. Small percentage of cases that do not respond to conservative management and when the diagnosis is no doubt imaging is indicated. Our understanding and interest in the diagnosis and management of patients with various types of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders has increased as research has identified structural abnormalities and disease mechanisms associated with some of these disorders. There has also been remarkable progress in the imaging of the TMJ along with these discoveries. Assessment of the integrity and relationships of the hard and soft tissues, including the mandibular condyle, the glenoid fossa and articular eminence of the temporal bone, and the articular disk and its attachments are the goals of imaging the TMJ. A variety of modalities can be used to image the TMJ, including conventional radiography, computed tomography (CT), cone beam CT, ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The present review outlines the brief knowledge and indications of the most frequently used imaging techniques in TMD diagnosis.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Temporomandibular joint, Computed Tomography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cone Beam Computed Tomography

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition