Volume 13 | Issue 9 |

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ABSTRACT Education is a fundamental right, a stepping stone towards a brighter future. In India, the Right to Education Act (RTE), enacted in 2009, stands as a beacon of hope, promising quality education for every child. It's not just a law; it's a lifeline that connects the dreams of millions of children to the reality of classrooms. Every child must have an access to quality education, regardless of their, background, economic status, or location. The RTE Act aims to transform this vision into reality. The Right to Education Act, implemented in 2010, marked a paradigm shift. Statistics indicate a substantial increase in enrollment rates post-RTE. In 2005-06, the gross enrollment rate was 96.7%, while in 2016-17, it rose to 99.2% showcasing the impact of this legislation. The Economic survey 2022-23 states that the Quality Education which is enlisted as Goal 4 under UN SDGs (SDG4) aims to "Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all" by 2030. It is in this context that the National Education Policy 2020 was laid down as the 1st Education Policy of the 21st century, aiming to address the many growing developmental imperatives of the country. The policy provided for the revision and revamping of all aspects of the education structure. Like the pathway linking NEP to NIPUN in early grades, similar efforts are needed for translating middle school and secondary school reform ideas into action. Close tracking of outcomes will be key to improvements and eventual success. For secondary school age students, NEP 2020's perspective on "learning for work" is largely dependent on a "complete re-imagination" of how vocational education is offered to students in the future.16 Changing perceptions and practices with respect to vocational skilling will be key to the transformation that is required. One of the consequences of universal elementary education is that it raises student and family aspirations for an academic pathway leading to white collar jobs. Not only does this lead to cutthroat competition for getting into colleges, but it also closes young minds to the possibility of exploring other livelihood pathways for progress. The responsibility for creating a new highway for transition from school to work lies not only on the education system but also with industry. Developing a variety of effective paths to help young people find productive livelihoods so that they can live fruitful lives is one of the major challenges facing India today.

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KEYWORDS: Education, Enrollment Ratio, RTE- 2009, NEP, NIPUN, UDISE, ASER,

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The performance of the banking sector is vital to the stability and growth of the economy, making systematic evaluation of banks essential for stakeholders. This study examines the financial performance of Axis Bank, one of India's leading private sector banks, using the CAMEL framework--an internationally recognized model for assessing banking efficiency and stability. The CAMEL model evaluates banks across five key dimensions: Capital Adequacy, Asset Quality, Management Efficiency, Earnings Quality, and Liquidity. The research is based on secondary data collected from the annual reports and financial statements of Axis Bank over a selected time period. By applying various financial ratios under each CAMEL parameter, the study provides a comprehensive analysis of the bank's strengths and weaknesses. The findings indicate that Axis Bank has maintained sound capital adequacy, demonstrated moderate asset quality, shown consistent management efficiency, achieved sustainable earnings, and preserved adequate liquidity to meet its obligations. This study highlights the importance of the CAMEL approach in evaluating the performance and financial health of banks. The results will be useful for regulators, investors, and policymakers in assessing risk, ensuring stability, and formulating strategies for improving the overall efficiency of the banking sector.

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Axis Bank, Banking Performance, CAMEL Model, Capital Adequacy, Asset Quality, Management Efficiency, Earnings Quality, Liquidity, Financial Stability, Performance Evaluation

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Lack of capital formation is the common characteristic of people of third world countries. Ever deprive people are striving only for minimum financial entity. Emergence of MF have been urged the underprivileged section of people in case of economic empowerment. It is pertinent that to mitigate the poverty in the rural sector MF stands as a noble substitute. In fact, MF is now become instrumental for poverty alleviation and economic sustainability. In this paper, it is trying to explore the accessibility of financial facilities acquired by the people, belongs to the rural area of Tamulpur district. In addition to it, how many MFI have been surviving to assist financial support to small businessman and rural development. Further it is attempted to highlight the challenges for rural development and suggest measures to improve the performance.

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Keywords: Micro Finance, Rural Development, Women Empowerment

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Northeast India is characterized by disputed borders, ethnic territorial claims, and ongoing political turmoil. This research article examines the implications of these territorial disputes, particularly in Assam and its surrounding territories. The study also analyzes the 2014 land transfer between Tripura and Bangladesh, which reflects the underlying instability in border delineation across this region. Ethnic nationalism has been shaped by community elites and complex insider-outsider dynamics. This has spurred calls for creating separate territories such as Nagalim, Bodoland, and Kukiland. However, these demands frequently intensify conflicts among diverse ethnic groups. Colonial rule left lasting impacts through the introduction of the Inner Line Permit and missionary involvement. These policies reinforced distinctions between highland and lowland populations. Subsequently, postcolonial adjustments have led to additional fragmentation of ethnic identities. Development programs and cohesion policies have often produced unintended consequences. Rather than addressing discontent, these initiatives have frequently intensified estrangement among affected communities. The interaction of insurgencies, significant displacements, and resistance to modernization highlights the inadequacies of state-focused strategies. By situating these interactions within broader discussions of borderlands and ethnicities, this article argues for a different approach. The intricate socio-political and historical processes that characterize Northeast India's 'muddy waters' demand governance strategies that are both inclusive and culturally sensitive.

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Borderlands, Ethnic Homelands, Community Elites, Development, Change

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In today's world managing employees in organization is not a one-man task. With the evolving business and advancement in technologies managing employees and tracking their performance can be performed online with the help of HR analytic tools. The use of HR analytics has improved employee performance and increased efficiency in business like, improvement of quality of recruitment, talent management, employee productivity and decreasing employee turnover. In this paper we are going to study about HR analytics, its tools, and its application in different organizations. In this paper we study various use of HR Analytics in different organisations and the benefits of the use of HR Analytics. With the help of analytical tools the organisations can recognise the issues like performance, employee turnover and retention employee behaviour, etc by using the data available with the organisation. This research is conducted because of the lack of use of HR in many organisations. The use of HR is undermined in many organisations but in this modern technological world various analytical tools have been developed which are used by huge corporations. In this paper we are going to see such uses of HR Analytics in 5 different organisations and their how the use of HR Analytics helped the organisation as well as the employees in monetary ways and change the business strategy around people - centric way.

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HR Analytics, HR analytics tools, Data Metrics, Employee Attrition, Organizations.

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The banking sector plays a vital role in the economic development of a country, and financial performance evaluation is essential for assessing the efficiency, profitability, and sustainability of banks. This study focuses on the financial performance of HDFC Bank, one of India's leading private sector banks, using the DuPont Analysis framework. The DuPont model disaggregates Return on Equity (ROE) into three key components--Net Profit Margin, Asset Turnover, and Equity Multiplier--thereby providing deeper insights into the underlying drivers of profitability. The research is based on secondary data collected from annual reports and financial statements of HDFC Bank over a selected period. Ratios such as ROE, ROA, Net Profit Margin, and Leverage are analyzed to identify trends and evaluate the bank's operational efficiency and financial stability. The findings reveal that HDFC Bank has maintained consistent profitability, strong asset utilization, and efficient leverage management, which together contribute to its robust ROE performance. This study not only highlights the financial strengths of HDFC Bank but also demonstrates the usefulness of DuPont Analysis as a comprehensive tool for stakeholders, investors, and policymakers in evaluating the performance of banking institutions.

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HDFC Bank, Financial Performance, DuPont Analysis, Return on Equity (ROE), Net Profit Margin, Asset Turnover, Equity Multiplier, Profitability Analysis, Banking Sector, Financial Evaluation

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Indian dance, a vast and intricate tapestry of classical and folk traditions, serves as a profound repository of cultural expression, particularly for the depiction of women's inner lives. This research paper argues that Indian dance is not merely performance but a sophisticated language of emotion (rasa) and narrative (abhinaya), through which the character, agency, and emotional spectrum of women are articulated, celebrated, and preserved. Through an analysis of key classical forms like Bharatanatyam, Odissi, and Kathakali, and folk forms like Lavani and Giddha, this paper will explore how dance narratives move beyond simplistic archetypes to present complex female personas -from the divine and devotional to the heroic and transgressive. It will examine the technical apparatus of dance, including mudras (hand gestures), navarasa (the nine emotions), and the thematic tradition of the Ashta Nayika (eight heroines), as tools for constructing a nuanced emotional architecture for its female subjects. Ultimately, this paper posits that these dance forms have historically provided a sanctioned space for the expression of female subjectivity, desire, and power, making them a vital and dynamic field for understanding the construction of femininity in Indian culture.

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Indian Classical Dance, Rasa Theory, Emotional Expression, Cultural Representation, Women Folklore, Feminity In Dance

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This paper analyses how literary representations of animal intelligence and moral imagination in the ancient Indian epic Ramayana and the contemporary novel Remarkably Bright Creatures challenge and complement scientific paradigms of animal cognition. Focusing on characters such as Jatayu in the Ramayana and Marcellus in Shelby Van Pelt's novel, the study explores how these texts portray animals as capable of ethical reasoning, emotional autonomy, and transformative action. While the Ramayana situates animal agency within a mythic and divine framework, Remarkably Bright Creatures offers a secular, modern framework that raises philosophical questions about consciousness and moral choice. The paper argues that literary fictions containing complex nonhuman minds serves as a parallel discourse to scientific inquiry. It can expand our understanding of cognition, sentience, and the ethical boundaries between species.

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Literary Studies, Animal Studies, Cognitive Science

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The purpose of this research is to examine the extent of bancassurance in the Indian setting. It is examined how bancassurance has changed over the last ten years (2007-08 to 2020-21) in the Indian life insurance market. This study is empirical in nature and mostly relies on secondary data. The main markers of promising futures in Indian bancassurance are recognized, including population size, population structure, and literacy rate, banking sector structure, registered insurer in India, insurance penetration, and density. Additionally examined is the percentage of new insurance premiums paid by commercial and governmental life insurers. Additionally, in order to analyze the trends in both private and public life insurance, the compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of new individual insurance premiums is calculated. In order to support Indian bancassurance's future potential, the trend of insurance penetration and density in Asian nations is also examined. Important conclusions confirm the thriving scope of bancassurance in India and point to the necessity of using it as a distribution network for the insurance industry.

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Bancassurance, Life Insurance, Insurance penetration, Insurance density.

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ABSTRACT Purpose: The purpose of the study is to explore the ethical foundations of economic thought in Indian tradition and their relevance to modern Indian society, and contribute to a broader understanding of moral economy as a viable alternative to purely market-driven models. Methodology: Qualitative, text-based analysis is used. Primary sources & Secondary sources i.e. Arthashastra and selected Gandhian writings are studied in depth to identify normative economic prescriptions and moral constraints. Findings: Kautilya and Gandhi represent two poles of the Indian moral economy. Kautilya's ideal is a 'powerful state ensuring economic welfare', whereas Gandhi's is a 'self-regulating society of moral individuals. Yet both agree that a society's prosperity must be aligned with ethical duties and human dignity. This structured comparison helps us to see how moral underpinnings shift from a top-down vision to a grassroots one, even as the goal social welfare and ethical order remains. This historical trajectory shows that Indian thought has consistently emphasised that economic systems should be based on ethical principles, social welfare, human dignity and sustainable development. This study shed light on the enduring objectives of duty-bound wealth creation, distributive justice and moral management, and highlight the Indian moral-economy over the centuries and its relevance in the present times. Research Limitations / Implications: The reliance on text analysis and translation variations limits empirical validation. Future research may test the applicability of these ethico-economic frameworks through fieldwork in corporate social responsibility initiatives and pave the way for policy experiments based on India's intellectual heritage.

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Moral economy; Kautilya; Gandhi; Swadeshi and Arthashastra

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