Volume 12 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

Knee osteoarthritis is a prevalent and debilitating condition affecting millions worldwide. Early detection and accurate severity prediction are crucial for effective management and treatment planning. This study introduces a novel approach for knee osteoarthritis detection and severity prediction using advanced image analysis techniques and machine learning algorithms. Specifically, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are employed for feature extraction and classification, enabling the analysis of knee joint images to identify osteoarthritic changes and predict disease severity. The proposed method integrates various image preprocessing techniques, including noise reduction and normalization, to enhance image quality and improve detection accuracy. Additionally, the system leverages a multi-class classification model to categorize the severity of osteoarthritis based on established grading scales. Evaluation results demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms traditional methods in terms of precision, robustness, and processing efficiency, offering a significant advancement in the field of medical imaging and diagnostics. This technology has the potential to facilitate early diagnosis, improve patient outcomes, and optimize healthcare resource utilization in the management of knee osteoarthritis.

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 Keywords

Knee Osteoarthritis, Convolutional Neural Networks, Severity Prediction, Image Analysis, Medical Imaging, Machine Learning, Early Detection, Healthcare Management, Diagnostic Technology.

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The global surge of e-commerce has significantly reshaped industries, and the food sector is undergoing a transformative shift, particularly in emerging economies like India. This article presents an in-depth case study focusing on Patna, delving into the intricate impact of e-commerce on food consumption patterns, local businesses, and the overall economy. Employing a robust theoretical framework that integrates content analysis, discourse analysis, and comparative case studies, the research unveils the multifaceted dynamics of this transformation. By scrutinizing both technological advancements and traditional practices, the study not only identifies key drivers but also delineates the profound consequences of this digital revolution. This comprehensive exploration offers nuanced insights into the evolving food culture in Patna, contributing to a deeper understanding of the broader implications of e-commerce on the global food industry.

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 Keywords

: E-commerce, food delivery, emerging markets, Patna, India, impact, food consumption, businesses, economy

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Urinary tract infections affect the kidneys and bladder. We don't have germs, yet introducing them can infect. Small catheters remove urine from the bladder. Begs capture tube urine. UTIs affect men and women as they age. However, UTIs are more common in women and may be regarded harmless in older women, but in men, they should be tested and followed up. This study used a quantitative research methodology and chose 60 civil hospital panipat staff nurses using nonprobability convenient (one group pre-test post-test) selection. Subjects completed a self-designed knowledge questionnaire and practice scale to assess the effectiveness of a structured education program on urinary tract infection prevention in indwelling catheter patients. Statisticians used descriptive and inferential statistics to interpret data. Before the test, 50 (83.3%) had intermediate knowledge, 10 (16.7%) had acceptable knowledge, and 0 (0% had inadequate knowledge). After the test, 60 (100%) staff nurses had adequate knowledge. In patients with indwelling catheters, the mean pre-test score for urinary tract infection prevention was 17.27%, whereas the post-test score increased to 26.87%. paired 't' test showed a significant improvement between pre-test and post-test knowledge with 't' value of 21.994 and practice with 't' value of 24.541 at p=0.05. Chi square test showed no significant association between pre-test knowledge and practice of civil hospital panipat staff nurses and selected socio-demographic variables. Kerl peearson co-relation coefficient showed no significant correlation between pre-test knowledge and practice (0.235 and 0.254) and post-test knowledge and practice (0.125 and 0.254). Study results showed that structured instruction on urinary tract infection prevention in indwelling catheter patients improves staff nurses' knowledge and practice. Staff nurses must practise preventing urinary tract infections in catheterised patients.

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 Keywords

Effectiveness, Urinary tract infection, Structured teaching programme ,Staff nurse

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Medical prescription recognition is a critical task in healthcare for ensuring accurate medication dispensing and improving patient safety. This study presents a novel approach for medical prescription recognition using advanced image processing techniques and machine learning algorithms. Specifically, the method employs Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for feature extraction and classification, leveraging deep learning to analyze and differentiate various handwritten and printed prescriptions based on text, layout, and other distinguishing characteristics. To enhance the robustness of the system, algorithms such as Optical Character Recognition (OCR) for text extraction and Natural Language Processing (NLP) for context understanding are integrated. These techniques address challenges posed by varying handwriting styles, prescription formats, and noise in the images, improving the accuracy and reliability of the recognition system. The proposed method is evaluated against traditional approaches, demonstrating superior performance in terms of precision, robustness, and processing efficiency. This approach not only advances medical prescription recognition technology but also supports improved healthcare management and patient safety, contributing to more effective and efficient healthcare delivery systems.

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 Keywords

Medical prescription recognition, machine learning, Optical Character Recognition (OCR), Natural Language Processing (NLP), healthcare management, patient safety.

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COPD is a long-term respiratory disease characterized by airway limitations and reduced air- volume change, mainly due to emphysema and acute exacerbation. These exacerbations increase oxidative stress and inflammation in the lungs, and causes continuous deterioration of the lung functions. COPD depends on certain factors such as; age, environmental factors, genetics and presence of other diseases including asthma. Thus, the timely diagnose of COPD is an essential step to successful management and treatment. This review's aim is to describe the existing approaches, including traditional spirometry, and novel techniques including forced oscillometry, phase contrast imaging, and electrical impedance tomography. Spirometry is still the reference technique in the evaluation and staging of COPD, however, it has weak points especially when it comes to the identification and follow - up of the milder cases. Some of the new imaging methods include X-ray phase contrast imaging and electrical impedance tomography which, may allow lung function assessment in real time or more detailed regional analysis.It is important to present new developments in the diagnostics following COPD with stressing the role of new technologies for overcoming existing difficulties. Such advancements seeks to strengthening early detection, specific treatment approaches, and by extension, patients' quality of life by addressing issues with standard diagnostic practices.

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 Keywords

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), Acute exacerbations (AE-COPD), Respiratory dysfunctions, Emphysema, Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD).

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The Indian Contract Act, 1872, is an important piece of legislation that governs the formation and enforcement of contracts in India. Contract is an agreement enforceable in the eyes of law. One of the essentials of a valid contract, as mentioned in section 10, is that the parties should be competent to make the contract. Section 11 clarifies that the minors, a person of unsound mind and person who has been disqualified from contracting by some law is not competent to contract. One of the critical aspects of this Act is the position of minors in contractual agreements. Understanding the position of minors under this Act is essential for comprehending how the law seeks to protect individuals who are not yet deemed fully capable of making agreements.

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The Position of Minor: The Indian Contract Act, 1872

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Artificial intelligence (AI) technology advancements offer an opportunity to assist educators in resolving issues and enhancing teaching and learning outcomes for students. Learning mathematics often poses a significant hurdle for many students. AI offers a way to address this issue by identifying each student's unique learning challenges and giving individualized solutions to maximize their learning outcomes in mathematics courses. This paper explores the role of AI in mathematics education at all educational levels through tailored instructional approaches such as adaptive learning, differentiated instruction, personalized recommendations, assessment, and feedback. This paper provides an overview of the AI enabled technologies that foster mathematics education while addressing implementation considerations

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Mathematics Education, Artificial Intelligence, Personalized Learning, Adaptive Learning

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No literary work stands on a trans-historical plane. It has got to reflect all thehistorical and cultural conditions. All the ideological patterns are embedded in the work concerned. The present paper makes an analysis of the text, 'The Psychiatrist' (1882 ) by Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis, a Brazilian writer, showing how the then ideological paradigm is expressed through its narrative. According to Foucault, the state is interested in creating 'docile bodies',the conformists, abiding by the rules. But, whosoever is unwilling to do so will be punished by the state that often stigmatizes one either as 'leper' or 'insane' as stated by Foucault, in his 'Madness and Civilization'. The text under survey, 'The Psychiatrist' redefines the concept of madness in Foucaultian terms. The present text also focuses light on the relation between the state power and the medical doctors, treating insanity.

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New Historicism, power-structure, strategy of punishment, madness.

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The Present study deals with survey and status of macrofungi diversity of D.D.U. Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur especially DDU Campus. Macrofungal surveys carried out during 2019-2021 in different place of DDU Campus. A total of more than 85 samples of macrofungi collected during the survey but only 78 Species of macrofungi belonging to 55 Genera of 36 Families is presented. The most dominant family are Agaricaceae representing 17 species. The results indicate that DDU Campus is a rich diversity of macrofungi.

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Macrofungi, Agaricaceae, DDU, Gorakhpur.

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The present study is focussed on Indian contribution to autism research indexed in Scopus database during 2003 -2022. United States is the most predominant country with 30206 (31.96%). The United Kingdom appeared in the second rank with 9828 (10.39%) publications. Canada has occupied the third position with 4752 (5.02%) communications. It is noted that India occupies ninth place with 2096 (2.21%) publications out of the top twenty-five countries in the Autism research domain. The growth rate shows that the number of records in 2003 is 7 only and in 2022, it is 433 and the growth rate shows a fluctuating trend during the study period. The relative growth rate and doubling time is also fluctuating during the study period. Activity Index assess the research effort of a country in a specific field for a specific time. AI shows fluctuating for the study period.

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 Keywords

Scientometric Analysis, Autism Research, Relative Growth Rate (RGR), Doubling Time (DT), Activity Index (AI)

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition