Volume 13 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

In Ayurveda, the treatment of bone fractures is known as Bhagna Chikitsa, which is a part of both surgical and para-surgical care. This concept was developed in detail by Acharya Sushruta, who classified fractures (Kandbhagna) and based on their type, shape, and the extent of displacement. Ayurveda offers a variety of treatment methods for managing such injuries. Traditional techniques like Kushabandh, Chakrayoga, Taila Droni, and Alepa are useful in specific cases. However, the core methods used include Bhagna Sthapana (realigning the bone), Bandhana (immobilization), and Sukhchestaprasara (gradual restoration of movement), often supported by surgical or para-surgical procedures. Alongside these, Ayurvedic and modern systems of medicine also provide symptomatic treatments to reduce pain and swelling. This holistic approach reflects the strength and relevance of Ayurvedic methods in managing fractures, even in today's medical practice.

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 Keywords

Ayurveda, Surgery, Bhagna, Fracture.

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Tadasana, or Mountain Pose, is a foundational standing posture in yoga that emphasizes proper alignment, balance, and body awareness. This article explores the anatomical and Ayurvedic perspectives of Tadasana, highlighting its benefits for physical health and mental clarity. From an anatomical standpoint, Tadasana engages multiple muscle groups, including the core, legs, and back, while promoting the alignment of the feet, knees, pelvis, spine, shoulders, and head. This alignment encourages a neutral spine, prevents joint strain, and enhances stability. In Ayurveda, Tadasana is viewed as a practice that promotes the balance of the three doshas--Vata, Pitta, and Kapha--through grounding, centering, and energy flow regulation. The pose supports the body's Prana (vital energy) and Agni (digestive fire), fostering overall health and well-being. By cultivating Sattva (mental clarity) and balancing the body's energy, Tadasana helps improve posture, mental focus, and physical strength. This holistic understanding of Tadasana underscores its significance in both yoga practice and Ayurvedic health, offering practitioners a pathway to physical and emotional equilibrium.

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Tadasana, Mountain Pose, Ayurvedic health, Agni, digestive fire

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The study analytically examines the impact of determinants of government expenditure on higher education in Rajasthan by considering the time series data for the period 1980-2023. Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Approach given by Toda and Yamamoto (1995) has been applied. Sources of data collected for the considered variables are EPWRF Indian Time Series and Economic Review of Rajasthan. Total expenditure on education has been used as dependent variable while Net State Domestic Product, Pupil Teacher Ratio, Number of Teachers and Total enrolment have been used as independent variables. ARDL bound test confirms the pre sence of the long-run relationship between the variables. Pupil Teacher Ratio and Net State Domestic Product show the positive significant effect on expenditure on higher education in the long run. Total Expenditure on higher education with lag 1 has been found significant in effecting the current total expenditure on higher education similarly current Net State Domestic Product and itself with lag 1 have the statistically significant impact on the total expenditure on higher education in short- run.

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 Keywords

Higher Education, Government Expenditure, Autoregressive Distributive Lag Model, Rajasthan.

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This study investigates the impact of a structured 12-week physical activity program on the span of attention in boys diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), aged 11 to 14 years. Forty participants were randomly assigned into two equal groups: an experimental group that underwent a regular physical activity regimen and a control group that continued their usual routine. A tachistoscope-based test was administered pre- and post-intervention to measure attention span. Each test involved recalling alphanumeric characters flashed briefly on a screen, scored out of 50. Data were analyzed using paired and independent t-tests, and one-way ANOVA. Statistical analysis revealed significant improvement in the experimental group (t = 58.02, p < 0.001), while the control group showed a smaller yet statistically significant gain (t = 13.08, p < 0.001). The experimental group's post-test scores were significantly higher than the control group (t = 28.39, p < 0.001), and ANOVA results confirmed significant differences across all groups (F = 510.71, p < 0.001).

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: ADHD, attention span, physical activity, tachistoscope, cognitive function, children, intervention strategies

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With the rising depletion of natural river sand and growing environmental concerns, artificial sand (AS) has gained attention as a sustainable replacement in concrete production. This study investigates how Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) and Steel Fibers (SFs) can work together to enhance the mechanical properties of high-performance concrete made entirely with artificial sand. Concrete samples were prepared using CNTs at 1%, 2%, and 3% by weight of cement, alongside a fixed 5% volume of steel fibers. Standard tests for compressive, flexural, and splitting tensile strength were conducted to evaluate performance. The results revealed a notable improvement in strength and post-cracking behaviour due to the hybrid reinforcement. The mix containing 2% CNTs offered the most consistent improvement across all metrics. However, at 3% CNTs, reduced workability and strength gains were observed, likely due to nanoparticle agglomeration. Steel fibers played a key role in improving crack resistance and enhancing flexural toughness across all concrete batches. Overall, the combination of CNTs and SFs proved to be a promising solution for developing sustainable, high-performance concrete using artificial sand.

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Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs), Steel Fibers (SFs), Artificial Sand (AS).

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Predicting house prices accurately is essential for stakeholders like buyers, sellers, and investors in the real estate sector. Conventional appraisal techniques often depend on personal judgment, which can result in variability. This study employs machine learning algorithms to examine diverse property features-- including location, size, and amenities--to improve the precision of predictions. Techniques such as linear regression, decision trees, and neural networks are evaluated for their performance. The results demonstrate that machine learning offers a reliable, data-driven solution for estimating property values.

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Index Terms--Real Estate Pricing, Machine Learning, Linear Regression, Decision Trees, Neural Networks

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This study explores the impact of social media on consumer buying behavior in the Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) sector, with a specific focus on Karnataka, India. Given the rapid growth of digital platforms like Instagram, Facebook, WhatsApp, and YouTube, the research investigates how these channels influence brand discovery, trust, product engagement, and purchase decisions among consumers. Using a descriptive research design, data was collected from 400 respondents across urban, semi-urban, and rural districts. Statistical tools such as ANOVA and correlation were applied to examine platform-specific effects, consumer perceptions, and the role of promotional content. Findings reveal that Instagram and WhatsApp are particularly influential in driving impulse buying and peer-based recommendations, while YouTube and Facebook support brand research and reviews. The study also highlights significant demographic variation in digital engagement. This research fills key gaps by analyzing region-specific consumer behavior and providing strategic insights for FMCG marketers to optimize platform-based marketing in emerging markets.

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Consumer Buying Behavior, FMCG (Fast-Moving Consumer Goods), Digital Marketing, Influencer Marketing, Instagram Ads, Facebook Promotions

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Consumers have steadily moved to online portals as a result of advancements, and most have switched to online or hybrid ways. Customers are willing to embrace change and even watch for switching demands. Consumers in the modern world watch closely to get the most out of internet sellers. The increase in electronic sales, which is undoubtedly due to the advantages of the internet, such as the transformation of big, quick, and inexpensive communication and easy accessibility, has led to the rise of electronic commercial transactions. According to studies, the e-commerce industry is expanding steadily, and customers' increasing desire to purchase goods or shop online has significantly altered the worldwide market environment. This platform has enabled consumers to deal in goods and services without time barrier and geographical barriers. Examining the online commerce environment, it is clear that online shoppers also have a variety of behaviors, as E-commerce is an important asset. Due to fragmented online sales, since transactions are processed through the Internet, there is sparse inspection of products, quality verification cannot be verified. Various cases have been discovered where consumers have received different products, quality and quantity of products from what they actually ordered. E-market users should exercise more caution and act true to the necessary statements when engaging in e-commerce to ensure their safety.

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Business, Consumer, E- Commerce, Government, M-Commerce, Online Shopping, Unfair Contract.

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This study aims to analyse the psychological characteristics of inter-collegiate male athletes who compete in six sports: Volleyball, Basketball, Hockey, Badminton, Kho-Kho, and Kabaddi. Using the Sports Personality Questionnaire (SPQ-20), the study examines two crucial psychological variables: Fear of Failure and Managing Pressure. A total of 230 athletes were chosen using Stratified Random Sampling. The data were analysed using ANOVA and Scheffe's post hoc test. The level of confidence was set to test significance is 0.05. The results reveal that Hockey players show significantly higher levels of controlling Fear of Failure than other players. However, Kabaddi and Kho Kho players are also less prone to Fear of Failure than volleyball players. Further, the results show that Basketball players have less Managing pressure than Hockey and Kabaddi players. In addition to that, Hockey players have significantly better Managing Pressure than Volleyball players. In conclusion, it is observed that players of Hockey, Kabaddi, and Kho-Kho have better control over Fear of Failure and Managing Pressure. The study highlights the importance of psychological training in enhancing athletic performance and offers recommendations for coaches and policymakers to develop personalised interventions for athletes.

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 Keywords

Psychological qualities, SPQ-20, Fear of Failure, Managing Pressure.

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 Abstract

Theesri Pahachan—Sangharsh, Sveekriti Aur Navjeevan

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Theesri Pahachan—Sangharsh, Sveekriti Aur Navjeevan

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