Volume 13 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

The Ramayana, while foundational to Indian cultural and spiritual life, has long centered male narratives and selectively highlighted female characters who conform to idealized patriarchal roles. While Sita's story has been revisited across literary traditions, figures like Ahalya, Mandodari, and Tara remain structurally marginalized--either reduced to symbols of transgression or cast into narrative silence. This paper engages with contemporary feminist retellings, particularly Koral Dasgupta's Ahalya, Mandodari, and Tara, and Volga's The Liberation of Sita, to explore how these characters are reclaimed through what Adrienne Rich terms "re-vision"--the act of rereading and rewriting as a form of feminist survival. Drawing on Gayatri Spivak's theory of the subaltern and Chandra Talpade Mohanty's critique of universalizing Western feminist models, this study situates these retellings within the complex gendered, cultural, and mythological codes of South Asia. The paper argues that through narrative restoration, these women are transformed from silenced archetypes into agents of critique, resistance, and interiority--revealing not only the gendered erasures of classical epics but also the power of feminist storytelling to correct them.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Feminist retelling, Ramayana, Ahalya, Mandodari, Tara, Subaltern, Adrienne Rich, Chandra Talpade Mohanty, Koral Dasgupta.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY: Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is common Musculoskeletal impairment. It is a knee condition that causes pain at the front of the knee, around or behind the kneecap (patella). Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is a prevalent condition among young athletes, often resulting in pain, reduced performance and potential long term disability if not properly addressed. This study investigates the effectiveness of gait retraining along with muscle strengthening exercise for college going athletes. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of gait retraining along with strengthening exercise on subject with patellofemoral pain syndrome for college athletes. To determine the pre-test and post-test level to reduce the symptoms and increase the functional score. METHODOLOGY: The observartional study was conducted on 30 college going athletes with patellofemoral pain syndrome in age of 18-25.Gait retraining and Muscle strengthening exercise are given to the participants from six weeks, for four sessions per week. An assessment for outcome measures by Knee Outcome Survey Of Daily Living Scale(KOS-ADLS) and Visual Analog Scale(VAS) was done prior to starting of the treatment and after six weeks of intervention. RESULT: As the statistical analysis of this study shows the patients who received gait retraining along with strengthening exercise had highly significant improvement in reducing the pain and functional activities among the college athletes. CONCLUSION: This study concluded that the gait retraining along with muscle strengthening exercise Shows a significant impact on reducing pain and improve functional abilities among the college athletes.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

KEYWORDS: Patellofemoral pain syndrome, college athletes, Gait retraining, Muscle Strengthening exercise, KOS-ADLS, VAS Scale.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This article explores the intersection of language, identity, and migration within the context of the Italian diaspora as depicted in contemporary literature. Through close readings of selected works by authors such as Jhumpa Lahiri, Igiaba Scego, and others, this study examines how language becomes a central element in negotiating personal and cultural identity in migratory settings. The analysis focuses on themes such as bilingualism, code-switching, nostalgia, cultural hybridity, and the redefinition of "Italianness" in a globalized world. This research contributes to the field of comparative literature and linguistic studies by highlighting the evolving nature of diasporic identity and the literary strategies used to represent it.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Italian diaspora, identity, migration, bilingualism, language, Jhumpa Lahiri, Igiaba Scego, cultural hybridity

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The Kurumba tribe, a Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group (PVTG) residing in the Nilgiris district of Tamil Nadu, possesses a rich cultural heritage rooted in traditional livelihoods, oral language, and indigenous art forms. In recent years, this unique cultural identity has faced serious threats due to modernization, ecological displacement, and socio-economic marginalization. This study examines the role of the Tribal Welfare Department in preserving and promoting Kurumba culture through targeted welfare initiatives. Using a qualitative research approach including field observations, interviews with tribal members and welfare officials, and analysis of departmental reports the study assesses interventions in three key areas language preservation, traditional art promotion, and support for forest-based livelihoods. Findings reveal that while several initiatives have yielded positive outcomes, particularly in creating awareness and market access for tribal products, there remain critical gaps in community participation, intergenerational transmission of cultural knowledge, and long-term sustainability. The study concludes with recommendations for more culturally rooted, participatory, and holistic approaches to tribal welfare policy, emphasizing the need for tribal communities to lead in shaping their own cultural future.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

A Study on The Tribal Welfare Initiatives and the Preservation of Kurumba Culture in the Nilgiris

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

An exploratory analysis of gender equality and social security in unorganized construction, where gender inequality with precarious work emanates, finds that while the contribution of women to the workforce is high, they are deprived of full rights of social security, making them more economically vulnerable. The study identifies key factors that influence the issue of gender inequality in their cultural norms, lack of awareness, and institutional barriers which limit women's participation in social security systems. Generally, women in construction are typically within informal work with low job security and poor social protection, making them more vulnerable to economic shock and health crises. It is a qualitative and quantitative research study to dwell on the experiences of women working in the unorganized sector, and to shine some light on issues that they face in terms of access to social security. The results reveal wide disparities between the genders with respect to benefits, including health insurance, maternity leaves, and pensions, due to the informal and mostly unrecognized nature of employment engaged by them. But the analysis also discourses policy implications by calling for mainstreaming gender-sensitive approaches within the framework of social security to address women's particular needs in construction. Recommendations consisted of increasing awareness about potential benefits, adopting inclusive policies, and promoting cooperation between relevant government agencies and civil society organizations in promoting women's rights. While complementing the discourse on gender equality and economic empowerment, this study has served to underscore the critical need for gender responsive social security systems that emphasize that equal working-class men and women need equally accessible social protection in all sectors of the unorganized construction industry.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords- Gender Equality, Social Security, Unorganized Sector, Construction Industry, Economic Vulnerability.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In many cases, chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) can have a more significant influence on a patient's overall quality of life than other chronic conditions, especially when it comes to physical discomfort and social functioning. The primary symptoms, which include facial pain or pressure, nasal blockage, nasal discharge, and hyposmia or anosmia, have persisted for at least 12 weeks. Herbal remedies have long been utilized extensively in the therapeutic therapy of CRS because available synthetic medications have substantial negative effects. The aim of the current study is to assess the safety and effectiveness of Itrifal Zamani, a Unani compound medication, in treating patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The information in this paper comes from a multicentric, open-level clinical investigation that was carried out at the Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine in Aligarh, India, between 2018 and 2022 on 57 cases of CRS treated with Itrifal Zamani. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) viz. Dennett's test was used to statistically analyze the data, and p value of <=0.05 was observed significant. According to the study, the results of the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-22 (SNOT-22) of CRS patients treated with Itrifal Zamani showed a significant improvement in a number of symptoms, including blowing nose, sneezing, running nose, coughing, post-nasal discharge, thick nasal discharge, ear fullness, dizziness, ear pain/pressure, facial pain/pressure, difficulty falling asleep, difficulty walking up at night, lack of good night sleep, walking up tired, fatigue during the day, decreased productivity, frustrated/restless/irritable, sadness, embarrassments, sense of taste/smell, blockage/congestion of nose, decreased concentration, and overall score. Comparisons of the Lund-Mackay score (LMS) before and after therapy shows a remarkable decrease, according to x-ray PNS results. Also, the study demonstrated that the medicine is safe and non-toxic. CRS patients of larger population of more research are recommended.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Chronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS), Sino-nasal outcome test-22 (SNOT-22), post nasal discharge.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

College campuses play a crucial role in shaping the cognitive, emotional, and social development of students, influencing not only their academic achievements but also their overall mental and psychological well-being. This paper examines the multifaceted impact that college environments have on students' minds, with particular emphasis on how the physical, social, and academic components of a campus setting contribute to students' personal growth and development. Drawing from interdisciplinary research in psychology, education, and sociology, the paper explores the significance of campus culture, peer relationships, extracurricular activities, and institutional support systems in shaping students' intellectual and emotional landscapes. The study delves into how exposure to diverse perspectives, academic challenges, and peer interactions fosters critical thinking, self-reflection, and emotional resilience. It also addresses the psychological challenges that students often face, such as stress, anxiety, and identity formation, and how these challenges are influenced by the campus environment. The availability of support resources such as counseling centers, academic advising, and wellness programs is explored as a key factor in promoting mental health and providing students with the tools to manage stress and overcome obstacles. Furthermore, the paper investigates the social dynamics within campus life, including the influence of student organizations, social networks, and campus climate, which can significantly shape a student's sense of belonging and self-worth. The research underscores the need for colleges and universities to intentionally design environments that support not only academic success but also the emotional and social development of students. Ultimately, this paper advocates for a holistic approach to campus life, emphasizing the importance of creating inclusive, supportive spaces that help students thrive both academically and personally. By understanding the profound impact of college campuses on students' minds, institutions can better meet the evolving needs of their diverse student populations in an increasingly complex world.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

AIM AND OBJECTIVE , MODEL DESIGN ,Social Integration and Belonging ,Designing Inclusive Campus Environments,Improving Academic Support Structures,Shaping Future Campus Policies

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

: Anti-inflammatory, wound healing, astringent, antimicrobial, soothing.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

ABSTRACT Statement of the Problem "A descriptive study on perceived stress and resilience among primigravida women residing in selected rural areas of Udupi district, Karnataka." Objectives The objectives of the study are: 1. to assess the perceived level of stress among primigravida women. 2. to determine the perceived level of resilience among primigravida women. 3. to find the association between the perceived level of stress score among primigravida women and their selected demographic variables. 4. to find out the association between the perceived level of resilience score among primigravida women and their selected demographic variables. 5. to find the relationship between the perceived level of stress and perceived level of resilience among primigravida women. Hypothesis: 1. H01: There will be no significant association between the perceived level of stress score among primigravida women and selected demographic variables. 2. H02: There will be no significant association between the perceived level of resilience score among primigravida women and selected demographic variables. 3. H03: There will be no significant relationship between the perceived level of stress and the perceived level of resilience among primigravida women. xii Methods Descriptive survey research design with a descriptive survey approach was used to assess theto identifying the perceived stress and resilience among primigravida women residing in selected rural areas of Udupi district, Karnataka. In the view of nature of the problem and accomplishing the objectives of the study, a structured perceived stress scale standardized by the Connor-Davidson resilience scale was prepared to assess the stress and resilience among primigravida women. The reliability of the tool was tested and validity was ensured in consultation with guides and experts in the field of Nursing and Medicine. The study was conducted inKamath Nursing Home and Lalith Hospital, Udupi district. 120primigravida women were selected by purposive sampling technique. A structured perceived stress scale and a standardized Connor-Davidson resilience scale were used to collect the data. Collected data was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results Among the 120 primigravida women, the majority of the primigravidawomen 65 (54%) were in the age group of (24 to 29) years. All of the primigravida women120 (100%)were married. The maximum percentage of the primigravida women 78(65%) belong to the Hindu religion. The majority 49 (42%) of the primigravida women were educated up to higher secondary school. With regards to the primigravida women's occupation status73 (61%) were unemployed. Most of 65 (54%) of the primigravida women's husband educational status were diploma. It was observed that the primigravida women's occupation status of husbands 48 (40%) were semi-skilled workers. The majority of the primigravida women 61(51%) resided in urban areas. Regarding the primigravida women type of family 97 (81%) belonged to the nuclear family the highest percentage of primigravida women 55 (46%) had a monthly income below Rs.10000/-.A maximum of 67 (56%) status of pregnancy xiii was planned and 51 (42%) of them were below 20 weeks of period of gestation. A maximum of 23(19%) had gestational diabetes mellitus. The majority 82 (68%) primigravida women perceived adequate social support. None of them had a habit of smoking, but 11 (9%) had a habit of consuming alcohol occasionally. The majority of 108 (90%) primigravida women did not have physical and psychological trauma. None of them had suicidal ideas or attempts. Maximum 101(84%) did not have marital conflict and about 97 (81%) did not have any history of family conflict. The data reveals that three-fourths (74%) of primigravida women exhibited low perceived stress whereas (23%) indicated moderate perceived stress and (3%) high perceived stress. The data revealed that (64%) of primigravida women exhibited high perceived resilience whereas (21%) indicated a normal perceived resilience and (15%) low perceived resilience. The selected variables such as age (x2=1.5873, p=0.452), religion (x2=2.4007, p=0.301), education (x2=2.686, p=0.6115), occupation (x2=1.1574, p=0.7632), educational status of husband (x2=1.8854, p=0.7568), occupation of husband (x2=1.8331, p=0.6077), area of residence (x2=0.449, p=0.502), type of family (x2=2.998, p=0.223), family income (x2=1.8219, p=0.6101), status of pregnancy (x2=0.0283, p=0.8664), period of gestation (x2=3.7868, p=0.1505) and social support (x2=1.1174, p=0.2904), do not have a statistically significant association with perceived stress. Hence, the null hypothesis is accepted for all the variables and the research hypothesis is rejected. Therefore, it is interpreted that the perceived level of stress and demographic variables are independent of each other. The selected variables such as age (x2=3.3682, p=0.18561), religion (x2=1.0227, p=0.5996), education (x2=1.003, p=0.9092), occupation (x2=1.8499, p=0.6041), educational status of husband (x2=8.239, p=0.0832), occupation of husband (x2=1.5992, p=0.6595), area xiv of residence (x2=1.553, p=0.2123), type of family (x2=0.1064, p=0.9481), family income (x2=1.6238, p=0.6540), status of pregnancy (x2=0.0221, p=0.8818), period of gestation (x2=2.8946, p=0.2352) and social support (x2=0.1071, p=0.7434), do not have a statistically significant association with perceived resilience. Hence, the null hypothesis is accepted for all the variables and the research hypothesis is rejected. Therefore, it is interpreted that the perceived level of resilience and demographic variables are independent of each other. The computed value of the Pearson Correlation Coefficient test for the relationship between the perceived level of stress and perceived level of resilience among primigravida women, do not have a statistically significant correlation. Hence, the null hypothesis is accepted the research hypothesis is rejected and it is inferred that there is no significant relationship between perceived level of stress and perceived level of resilience among primigravida women. Interpretation and conclusion This study concludes that there was low perceived stress and high perceived resilience among primigravida women. The demographic variables of primigravida women did not have any significant association between perceived stress and resilience. The correlation between the perceived level of stress resilience among primigravida women does not have a significant correlation.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Descriptive Study, Perceived Stress, Resilience, Primigravida Women, Rural Areas.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study investigates the key factors influencing customer satisfaction and loyalty towards select luxury car brands in Karnataka. With the rapid growth of the automotive sector and increasing consumer interest in premium vehicles, understanding what drives satisfaction and loyalty is critical for sustaining competitive advantage. The research focuses on dimensions such as service quality, price fairness, perceived value, and the ethical behavior of luxury car sellers. A structured questionnaire was administered to 400 respondents across four districts in Karnataka, and the data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tools including factor analysis, ANOVA, and regression. The findings highlight that younger and middle-income customers form a significant segment of the luxury car market and that factors such as transparent pricing, dependable quality, and responsive service play a vital role in shaping positive customer experiences. The study also reveals strong emotional connections with brands, emphasizing the importance of trust, design, and brand prestige. The results provide actionable insights for luxury car manufacturers and dealers to refine their customer engagement strategies and enhance brand loyalty. This research contributes to the academic understanding of consumer behavior in emerging markets and fills a gap in region-specific studies on luxury automobile customer dynamics.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Customer satisfaction, brand loyalty, luxury cars, service quality, perceived value.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition