Volume 13 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

Abstract: The purpose of the study is to determine the effectiveness of Task-Oriented Training to improve balance among children with Down syndrome. Method: A Quasi-experimental (Single group pretest-posttest) design and Convenience sampling was used for the study. 14 children aged 5 to 12 years with Down syndrome were included in the study. The balance of the participants was assessed (pre-test) using the Pediatric Balance Scale. Participants underwent 45 minutes of Task-Oriented Training sessions, 3 times a week for 12 weeks. The balance was reassessed (post-test) using the Pediatric Balance scale. The pre-test and post-test scores of the balance were analyzed and interpreted. Results: The data analysis was carried out using the paired t-test. Based on the analysis, there is a significant improvement in the post-test scores of the balance (p value<0.05) compared to the pre-test scores. Conclusion: The study concluded that there was a significant improvement in balance after providing Task-Oriented Training among children with Down syndrome.

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Keywords: Down syndrome, Balance, Pediatric Balance Scale, and Task-Oriented Training.

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The significance of critical thinking and awareness of the factors that lead to fraudulent behaviour and financial fraud are interpreted in this study. The study's goal is further developed by elucidating how fraud management can be applied as corporate governance to stop fraud and why forensic accounting techniques are required. In order to find and create a fraud management and forensic accounting model, this study conducted a systematic literature review (SLR) using a portion of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) approach. According to the research, dishonest behaviour happens when a trigger exists and someone finds it impossible to ignore. It has become ingrained psychologically and has rationalised the reality of fraud on the basis of opportunity and pressure backed by capability, such as the fraud triangle and diamond models' triggers for fraudulent behaviour. Synthesis of findings: In the financial data-based justice system, financial fraud must be resolved through litigation, accounting fraud investigation, and the application of internal control in fraud management for early detection and investigation. Forensic accounting techniques are also required. The research's originality provides a forensic accounting and fraud management approach to guard against fraud and improve the company's financial standing.

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Forensic Accounting, Fraud Triangle model, Fraud Diamond Model, Financial Crime

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The paper aims to represent the concept of gender disguise and identity struggle through the character of Yusuf, one of Sinan's apprentice in the novel The Architect's Apprentice written by Elif Shafak. The novel mirrors the broader historical realities of exiled subjects whose gendered and cultural identities become sites of negotiation and struggle in Ottoman society. The paper examines Yusuf's journey through a postcolonial theoretical lens, analyzing how exile disrupts and reshapes identity. Modern refugee crises are paralleled by Yusuf's exile in The Architect's Apprentice. These events highlight how marginalized individuals navigate displacement, oppression, and survival in a restrictive society. The paper highlights how exile fosters both loss and transformation. The paper argues that gender disguise not only serves as a preventive strategy but also reveals profound tensions between personal identity and societal expectations.

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Gender Disguise, Identity struggle, Exile, Postcolonialism, Elif Shafak.

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Minimalism is defined as a deliberate effort to remove any elements that are unnecessary to enhance visual clarity and message communication. A designer should have a new skill set for updating the logo design. In this theoretical research, the concept of minimalism suggests to reduce forms. It is the purposeful simplification of forms, colours and composition to distill a brand’s visual identity to its essence. The study assesses whether sparse logos can act as signifiers due to their use of negative spaces and limited colours, as well as the meanings behind their geometric shapes. The principles often referred to as Gestalt are aids to perceiving wholes and completeness in simplifications. The figure-ground, closure and proximity are Gestalt principles. Minimalism is easy to recollect, scalable across media, and timeless. These are some of the pros of minimalism. It examines possible disadvantage including over-simplification and cultural misinterpretation possibility. The paper says designers must make something simple and distinctive that will communicate well your brand with design theory and literature. We propose to conduct an empirical study that explores how cultures adapt to minimalist logos. We think this idea is worthy of further exploration as well as one more transposition with responsive and animated brand marks. Minimalism as a design approach that focuses on purity of use, expression and visual reduction, not a style as such. As brands are cluttering logos for visual effects, minimalism is still in and an effective logo design strategy.

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Minimal logo, Logo Principles, Logo Design, Brand identity, Logotype.

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Anxiety related to examinations is a psychological complication that greatly hinders academic achievements and emotional feelings among the students in secondary school. Over the past couple of years, hypnotherapy has posed as a potentially effective mind-body treatment in reducing anxiety and cognitive improvement. The review presents a summary of the worldwide and Indian research and studies on the effectiveness of hypnotherapy and its ability to reduce exam anxiety and enhance academic performance with specific reference to West Bengal in India. Based on randomized controls, qualitative studies, and theoretical perspectives, the article analyses the hypnotherapy workings, how it fares compared to other interventions, and how school-based school mental health initiatives can incorporate its use. The review shows gaps in the research, cultural considerations, and ethical implications, giving the future guidance of the potential empirical work within the Indian educational context.

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Hypnotherapy, Examination Anxiety, Academic Performance, Secondary School Students, West Bengal, Mind-body Intervention

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This study investigates the investment patterns of individual investors with a specific focus on small and medium capitalization (SMC) companies in Karnataka. Data was collected from 400 respondents across various regions to understand how demographic characteristics, risk tolerance, and behavioural aspects influence investment decisions. The analysis utilized descriptive and inferential statistical techniques, such as ANOVA and correlation analysis, to interpret the findings. Results show that younger investors with moderate experience are more inclined toward investing in SMCs, preferring moderate levels of risk. Key factors influencing investment behaviour include the role of professional financial advice, peer influence, and strategic evaluation of investment opportunities. However, the study also identifies gaps in financial literacy, investment diversification, and gender representation among investors. These limitations suggest that many individuals may not be fully equipped to make optimal investment decisions. The findings underline the need for enhanced investor education, simpler access to financial markets, and supportive government policies to promote more inclusive and informed participation in the SMC segment. This research contributes valuable insights to the understanding of investor behaviour in emerging markets and can serve as a reference for financial institutions and policymakers in designing better investment frameworks.

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Investment Patterns, Small and Medium Capitalization (SMC), Risk Tolerance, Investors Preferences, Mid-Cap and Small-Cap Stocks, Risk-Return Preferences.

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Together, Ashwin Sanghi's Chanakya's Chant, The Krishna Key, The Vault of Vishnu, and The Ayodhya Alliance offer a singular blend of Indian mythology, history, and modern political suspense. The Mauryan Empire, the Mahabharata, the India-China Silk Road connection, and the Ramayana are some of the historical anchors that are explored in each book, but they also include applying ancient wisdom to contemporary issues. Chanakya's Chant reflects Chanakya's political genius in a contemporary setting, The Krishna Key solves symbolic and archaeological puzzles rooted in Krishna's legacy, The Vault of Vishnu explores cultural exchanges through an espionage lens, and The Ayodhya Alliance reinterprets the Ramayana to address ideological divisions and national unity. Sanghi's main thesis--that the past is a living force influencing the present--is emphasised by his painstaking research, dual or parallel tales, and blending of fact and fiction. create an engaging corpus where contemporary political and cultural issues are met with India's historical legacy. From the statecraft of the Mauryan strategist Chanakya to the symbolic and archaeological legacy of Krishna, the India-China ties along the Silk Road, and the timeless moral and political values of the Ramayana, each piece is rooted in a unique historical or mythological setting. However, Sanghi's distinctive storytelling approach--in-depth historical study, careful blending of fact and fiction, and the interplay of past and present through parallel or interwoven timelines--unites them despite their diverse places and stories. Chanakya's Chant explores the persistence of political shrewdness over centuries, The Krishna Key traverses the fine line between myth and historical truth, The Vault of Vishnu emphasises cultural diplomacy and the struggle for heritage and The Ayodhya Alliance uses mythological allegory to frame discussions on unity, identity, and governance. When taken as a whole, they serve as both compelling thrillers and insightful analyses of how India's cultural legacy continues to influence modern politics and society.

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Archaeological mystery, Political allegory, Mahabharata, Ramayana, National unity, Identity and governance, Angkor Wat, and Ancient wisdom.

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Salinity stress caused by high concentration of salts in the soil is a pervasive issue worldwide impacting agricultural productivity and sustainability. saline soil contain excessive levels of soluble salts primarily sodium chloride (NaCl), which can disrupt plant physiological processes. For glycophytes, plants like fenugreek that are not adapted to saline conditions, exposure to high salt levels can lead to osmotic stress, ion toxicity ad nutrient imbalance. these conditions severely affect plant growth, development and yield. The impact of salinity stress on Trigonella foenum graceum is multifaceted. High salt conditions can impede seed germination, reduce seedling vigor, and limit plant growth by affecting photosynthesis, nutrient uptake and protein synthesis. Salinity also can induce oxidative stress, leading to accumulation of reactive oxygen species (RoS) that damage cellular components. given the economic importance of fenugreek and its increasing demand, understanding the effects of salinity stress on this crop and exploring potential mitigation strategies and imperative. The following experimentation aims to provide an in-depth analysis of effects of salinity stress on Trigonella foenum graecum, focusing on physiological and biochemical interventions. Enhancing the salinity tolerance of fenugreek not only promises to improve crop yields and quality but also contributes to sustainable agriculture and food security in regions affected by soil salinity. In response to salinity stress fenugreek activates various biochemical pathways aimed at mitigating the adverse effects. one key response is the accumulation of osmoprotectants, such as proline and glycine betaine, which help maintain cellular osmotic balance and protect macromolecules from damage. additionally, the antioxidant defense system is upregulated to counteract oxidative stress enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POX) play crucial roles in scavenging RoS and minimizing oxidative damage (Singh et al. 2018)

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Salinity stress in fenugreek NaCl stress in Trigonella foenum graecum

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Artificial intelligence refers to the simulation of human intelligence or mimic their actions. By adoption of Artificial intelligence in public policy cycle is likely to strengthen the foundational principles of good governance i.e. 3Es - Efficiency, Economy and Effectiveness. This paper aims to understand the role of Artificial intelligence in public policy process and to examine how AI can mitigate the challenges that arise at various stages of policy cycle.

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Artificial intelligence, Public policy cycle, Efficiency, Economy, Effectiveness and Challenges

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 Abstract

kuposhit bachchon ko aksar mahatvapoorn sangyaanaatmak haani ka saamana karana padata hai, jo aavashyak sookshm poshak tatvon kee kamee vaale aahaar ke parinaamasvaroop hota hai, jo poorvaskoolee aayu ke bachchon mein uchit mastishk vikaas ke lie mahatvapoorn hain. is samasya mein kaee kaarak yogadaan karate hain, jinamen kharaab khaan-paan kee aadaten, kam saamaajik aarthik sthiti aur uchit poshan ke baare mein seemit jaagarookata shaamil hai. ye tatv ek aisa chakr banaate hain jo vikaas aur seekhane kee kshamataon ko baadhit karata hai, jo antatah bachche kee bhavishy kee kshamata ko prabhaavit karata hai. 100 preeskoolar ke ek adhyayan se pata chala hai ki kuposhan se peedit bachchon ne achchhee tarah se poshit saathiyon kee tulana mein sangyaanaatmak aakalan par kam ank pradarshit kie.

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Poorv-Schoolee Bachche, Sangyaaaanaatmak Vikaas, Kuposhan, Bhojan Aadaten, Poshan.

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