Volume 13 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

This work analyzes the performance of a silicon photonic micro-ring resonator using the Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method. Micro-ring resonators are critical components for implementing photonic computation and communication circuits in next-generation systems. Their resonance properties are fundamental to silicon photonic technology and require detailed study for effective circuit and system design. The analysis focuses on resonant characteristics for ring radii ranging from 2 ?m to 20 ?m, considering a waveguide group index of 3. Results demonstrate a significant dependence of device quality on ring size. A resonator with a 2 ?m radius exhibits a Q-factor of approximately 83.3, whereas a 20 ?m radius resonator achieves a Q-factor of 393.7 under the specified conditions.

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SiO2, Microring resonator, FDTD.

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Banking fraud has become an increasingly sophisticated threat to India's financial ecosystem. Despite regulatory reforms, internal weaknesses persist, leading to major economic setbacks and erosion of public trust. This paper critically examines the internal mechanisms employed by Indian banks to combat fraud, assesses their legal framework, and evaluates the role of emerging technologies. By analyzing high-profile fraud cases, reviewing statutory provisions, and surveying literature on internal controls, the study proposes strategic improvements. A hybrid approach combining legal accountability, employee training, and real-time digital monitoring is advocated as key to minimizing fraud and reinforcing trust in the banking sector.

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Banking fraud ,law, finance, Artificial Intelligence, Credit-related frauds opublic policy, Cyber frauds financial architecture,

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The field of novel drug delivery systems (NDDS) has experienced significant advancements aimed at overcoming limitations of conventional therapeutic approaches. This review comprehensively discusses the classification of NDDS based on delivery mechanisms, carrier types, and target specificity, encompassing controlled release systems, targeted delivery platforms, nanoparticle-based carriers, transdermal patches, inhalation devices, and stimuli-responsive systems. Recent technological innovations, such as biodegradable polymers, ligand-mediated targeting, microneedle arrays, and smart responsive nanoparticles, have enhanced drug bioavailability, therapeutic efficacy, and patient compliance. The review further explores the diverse clinical applications of NDDS across oncology, infectious diseases, chronic conditions, and gene therapy, highlighting their role in minimizing systemic toxicity and enabling precision medicine. Despite remarkable progress, challenges including manufacturing scalability, regulatory hurdles, and long-term safety remain. Future research directions emphasize interdisciplinary integration and personalized delivery strategies to fully realize NDDS's potential in transforming global healthcare.

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Novel drug delivery systems, Targeted drug delivery

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This review emphasizes review on the psychological, academic, and behavioural effects of social media on senior secondary students, emphasizing emotional maturity, mental health, academic performance, and evolving digital behaviour patterns. The widespread use of mobile devices and social media has increased adolescent dependency. While these platforms enable connectivity, collaboration, and educational opportunities, excessive use is linked to psychological distress, behavioural addiction, sleep disturbances, reduced attention spans, and poorer academic outcomes. Drawing from cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, this paper explores gender and regional differences and examines mediating factors like self-esteem, cyberbullying, and online peer pressure. It highlights the importance of supervised social media use, digital literacy programs, targeted interventions, and further research to understand the complex, evolving impacts on students' cognitive, emotional, and academic development.

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Social media, Students, Behavioural effects, Academics

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The Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana - Urban (PMAY-U), launched by the Government of India in June 2015, stands as a monumental policy initiative aimed at providing "Housing for All" by ensuring that every eligible urban family has access to a pucca house with basic civic amenities. This mission emerged in response to India's deepening urban housing crisis, characterized by a growing population, rising informal settlements and unaffordable housing markets for economically weaker sections (EWS), low-income groups (LIG) and the informal workforce. By June 2024, the scheme had approved more than 1.18 crore housing units, out of which approximately 83.67 lakh had been constructed and allotted to the intended beneficiaries. However, behind these impressive figures lies a complex landscape of administrative hurdles, technological gaps, data mismatches and implementation delays. This paper explores these challenges in depth, with a focused lens on the state of Punjab and more specifically, Ludhiana district, an urban-industrial hub with high housing demand and a large migrant population. Drawing from government data, official guidelines, district-level presentations and operational feedback from field officers, the paper highlights operational successes, reveals persistent bottlenecks and offers data-backed recommendations to improve future iterations of the scheme. The aim is not only to evaluate what has worked and what has not but also to propose pragmatic reforms to make urban housing in India more inclusive, efficient and citizen centric.

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Housing for All Urban Housing Crisis PMAY-U Implementation Challenges Inclusive Growth

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The Tracker Desktop Application in Cloud Computing" It is a modern solution developed to monitor and analyze desktop usage in real-time while leveraging the benefits of cloud technology. The system tracks key user activities such as application usage, CPU and memory performance, and input interactions, providing meaningful insights into system behavior. Built with a React.js frontend and cloud-based backend, it ensures secure storage, smooth performance, and remote accessibility.

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Desktop Tracker, cloud computing

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Sphaeranthus indicus Linn., belonging to the Asteraceae family, also known as Gorakh Mundi or East Indian Globe Thistle, is a fragrant herb used in Indian traditional medicine. It thrives abundantly in damp areas, including as a weed in rice fields across India. In traditional Indian medicine, many different components of the plant, including the leaves, cortex, wood, roots, flower, and seed, are used to cure a variety of illnesses.[1] The plant, found in India, Africa, Australia, Indo-Malesia, and Sri Lanka, has numerous medicinal properties, including antitussive, wound healing, broncho dilatory, antioxidant, and CNS depressant properties.[2] Sphaeranthus indicus is rich in diverse secondary metabolites, including eudesmanolides, sesquiterpenoids, sesquiterpene lactones, sesquiterpene acids, flavone glycosides, flavonoid C-glycosides, is flavone glycoside, sterols, sterol glycosides, alkaloids, peptide alkaloids, amino acids, and sugars. Essential oils extracted from its flowers and whole plants contain monoterpene hydrocarbons, oxygenated monoterpenes, sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, and oxygenated sesquiterpenes.[1] Sphaeranthus indicus demonstrates a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities across its various formulations, making it a versatile herb in both traditional and modern medicinal practices. From creams and ointments for topical relief to syrups and capsules for systemic benefits, each formulation harnesses the herb's therapeutic potential supported by scientific evidence.[1] Although extensively reviewed in previous literature, this review aims to explore its Siddha and Ayurvedic uses, in addition to its biological effects and botanical compounds characteristics.[2] It encompasses the structure, botanical compounds composition, ethnobotanical uses, and pharmacological activities reported for Sphaeranthus indicus.[1]

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pharmacological activities, formulations, ethnobotanical uses, secondary metabolites.

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This research paper explores the evolving strategic relations between Russia and Pakistan from 2010 to 2023, highlighting a significant shift from historical tensions to a multifaceted partnership driven by geopolitical pragmatism and shared interests. Initially strained by Cold War alignments, the relationship warmed post-2010, marked by high-level state visits, strategic dialogues, and the lifting of Russia's arms embargo on Pakistan in 2014. Key areas of cooperation include defence, with joint military exercises and arms deals, and economic ties, notably the PakStream Gas Pipeline Project and a proposed Free Trade Agreement. Both nations share strategic interests in regional stability, particularly in Afghanistan and Central Asia, amidst challenges like terrorism and nuclear security. The partnership is influenced by external factors, including Pakistan's fraying U.S. ties and Russia's balancing act with its traditional ally, India. While the Russia-Pakistan relationship has grown, it remains secondary to Russia's ties with India. The paper also examines implications for India, particularly in defence and regional energy dynamics, concluding that the evolving Russia-Pakistan partnership reflects the fluid nature of global alliances, driven by mutual benefits and geopolitical realities.

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Russia-Pakistan Relations, Strategic Partnership, Geopolitical Dynamics, Defence Cooperation, Economic Ties, Regional Stability, PakStream Gas Pipeline

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Celastrus paniculatus, a botanically significant and therapeutically versatile medicinal plant, has been extensively utilized in traditional and modern systems of medicine. Its pharmacological applications span centuries, with both crude extracts and purified phytoconstituents being employed in the treatment of diverse pathological conditions. The species exhibits a wide spectrum of biological activities, including but not limited to cognition-enhancing, neuroprotective, antipsychotic, antidepressant, antibacterial, anti-arthritic, anti-malarial, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antifertility, cardioprotective, anxiolytic, wound healing, antispasmodic, hypolipidemic, anticancer, antioxidant, and iron-chelating effects. These multifaceted properties are attributed to its rich phytochemical profile comprising monoterpenes, sesquiterpene esters, diterpenoids, triterpenoids, alkaloids, fatty acids, steroids, flavonoids, polyols, epoxides, polysaccharides, and ascorbic acid (vitamin C). Rather than the continuous pursuit of novel phytocompounds from unexplored botanical sources, a more pragmatic and cost-effective strategy lies in the rational repurposing of activity-enriched scaffolds from well-established multipotent medicinal plants such as C. paniculatus. This approach not only leverages the intrinsic chemical diversity and established bioavailability of known constituents but also has the potential to significantly reduce time and financial expenditure in drug development. From the standpoint of Ayurvedic medicine, Celastrus paniculatus holds a prominent place in classical compendia. In the Charaka Samhita, it is classified under the category of ?irovirechana Dravyas, indicating its utility in cleansing therapies for disorders of the head and central nervous system. The Sushruta Samhita enumerates it as an Adhobhagahara Dravya, highlighting its purgative action directed toward the lower gastrointestinal tract. Furthermore, traditional Nigha??us include this plant under multiple pharmacological clusters, such as Ark?di Ga?a, Gud?cy?di Varga, and Har?taky?di Varga, underscoring its therapeutic breadth and integrative applications in polyherbal formulations. A comprehensive body of literature spanning from 1990 to 2025 has detailed the ethnopharmacological, phytochemical, and pharmacodynamic profiles of C. paniculatus, affirming its relevance as a model species for translational research and integrative therapeutic development.

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Celastrus paniculatous, nootropic activity, celasteraceae, neuroprotective, antipsychotic, antidepressant

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 Abstract

Mahila Shram Bal Bhagidari Ev Carrirer Santushiti Per Ek Panchayat Sthariya Talnatmak Adhyayan

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Mahila Shram Bal Bhagidari Ev Carrirer Santushiti Per Ek Panchayat Sthariya Talnatmak Adhyayan

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition