Volume 11 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

Numerous researchers are currently focusing on enhancing concrete properties by incorporating various types of materials. This study aims to investigate the behavior of M40 grade concrete with a water-cement ratio (w/c) of 0.43 and to determine its compressive strength, flexural strength, and split tensile strength when cement is replaced by fly ash, rice husk ash, and steel fiber. Different replacement levels were considered, including 10%, 20%, and 30% of fly ash and rice husk, as well as combined replacements. The steel fiber content in the concrete was varied from 0% to 1.0%. The results indicated that the workability of the concrete decreased with increasing percentages of fly ash (FA), rice husk ash (RHA), and steel fiber. Among the various combinations, the maximum compressive strength achieved after 28 days was 53.77 N/mm2 with a 10% replacement of cement by fly ash (FA). Similarly, the maximum flexural strength recorded at 28 days was 5.89 N/mm2 with a 10% replacement of cement by fly ash (FA). Additionally, the maximum split tensile strength attained after 28 days was 4.21 N/mm2 with a 10% replacement of cement by fly ash (FA). The most favorable strength results were observed with a combination of 20% fly ash and 10% rice husk ash, along with 0.75% steel fiber in the concrete. These findings demonstrate the potential of using fly ash and rice husk ash as partial replacements for cement, along with the inclusion of steel fibers, to improve the strength characteristics of concrete.

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Fly ash(FA), Rice husk ash(RHA), Steel Fibres(SF), Compressive Strength, Flexural Strength and Split Tensile Strength.

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This research study delves into the challenges faced by mathematics teachers in the context of distance learning. Employing a descriptive quantitative research design, the study employed a survey questionnaire as the research instrument, along with descriptive and inferential statistics for data analysis. The findings indicate that the majority of teacher-respondents are female, in their middle adulthood, and possess significant experience in the teaching profession. The teachers face considerable challenges concerning the impact of distance learning on their instructional practices. However, the study did not find any significant difference in the challenges faced by mathematics teachers when categorized according to their demographic profiles. To address these challenges, teachers can benefit from in-service training courses focusing on distance education practices, methodologies, techniques, and material usage. Furthermore, online professional guidance applications can be implemented to enhance students' motivation and increase their engagement in the learning process. Addressing potential technical issues is crucial, and the presence of reliable internet infrastructure, access to computers, and computer proficiency among both teachers and students can contribute to minimizing such problems. Responsibility for resolving technical issues lies with relevant educational institutions, ensuring a smoother distance education experience. A proposed intervention plan has been developed to facilitate the professional development of mathematics teachers and improve the delivery of distance learning education in this context. By implementing this intervention plan, mathematics teachers can be better equipped to navigate the challenges of distance learning effectively.

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Distance Education, Challenges, Mathematics, Mathematics Teachers

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This research paper investigates the effect of Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Concrete (HFRC) on the strength characteristics of concrete in aggressive environmental conditions. In response to the limitations of conventional concrete in highly aggressive environments, the study explores the incorporation of steel and polypropylene fibers to enhance concrete's ductility, tensile strength, and energy absorption capacity. The research program includes experimental tests on HFRC specimens with varying fiber compositions to evaluate compressive, split tensile, and flexural strengths. Results reveal that the addition of fibers significantly improves concrete strength, with the optimum combination of 75% steel fibers and 25% polypropylene fibers offering the highest increase in compressive, split tensile, and flexural strengths compared to plain concrete. The findings highlight the potential of HFRC as a durable and sustainable construction material for various structural applications in aggressive environments.

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Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Concrete, HFRC, aggressive environments, steel fibers, polypropylene fibers

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The paper was intended to find out the level of social maturity and personality among senior school students this study involves to descriptive method the sample of the study was 100 students selected through the random sampling technique. The statistical procedures used in this study were mean, standard deviation and t-test analysis of the data.

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SOCIAL MATURITY AMONG SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS ABOUT PERSONALITY

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The choice of a route by driver to a destination may depend on its distance and travel time, also factor into the driver's decision. Driver's route choice can be context dependent, e.g., varies with respect to time, distance and also it varies from driver to driver. Conventional routing services supports less in context dependent route selection, also they deliver same routes to all drivers. Here the study is to identify context-aware routes for each drivers based on historical trajectories. Ranking paths becomes an increasingly most important functionality in many transportation services, where multiple paths connecting a source-destination pair are offered to drivers. First propose a real training data using enriching method to obtain a dense and expanded set of training paths using historical trajectories. Second, a multi-task learning framework that consider features that take into account both candidate paths and contexts are proposed. Third, propose road network embedding which uses road network topology and context-aware properties to embed the paths into feature vectors. Next, propose a path rank method to generate a compact and diverse set of training paths to enable efficient and effective learning. Finally, propose Adaptive Routing Algorithm to shows that the accuracy results outperforms baseline methods.

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Path ranking, diversified paths, multi-task learning, road network embedding, graph embedding.

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The Indian caste system, a deeply ingrained social hierarchy that has shaped the country's cultural fabric for centuries, has been undergoing significant transformations in recent times. This article explores the recent changes in the Indian caste system, focusing on the efforts to dismantle caste-based discrimination and create a more inclusive society. It examines the historical context, factors contributing to the evolution of the caste system, and the various initiatives and policies aimed at addressing its inequalities

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1. Historical roots: The Indian caste system is an ancient social hierarchy with religious origins. 2. Contributing factors: Feudalism, invasions, and colonial rule perpetuated caste discrimination. 3. Impact: Dalits faced marginalization, lack of rights, and opportunities. 4. Legal measures: Indian Constitution bans caste-based discrimination and offers affirmative action through reservations. 5. Recent initiatives: Civil society, government, and grassroots efforts work towards inclusivity. 6.

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Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) is a damage or injury response that is caused due to intake of a drug. The ADRs may arise after administration of a single dose, or long-term administration of a drug. It might also occur as a consequence of the administration of two or more drugs as a combination product or separately. The study of ADRs is known as Pharmacovigilance. The four pillars of Pharmacovigilance include detection, assessment, understanding and prevention of ADR. The prime objective of ADR reporting is that to identify safety of drugs followed by improving patient safety, evaluation of incidence of ADRs, identification of pre-disposing factors etc. The main purpose of the PV study is to protect the future generations or the potential users from the harmful effects of a drug that is already available in the market. The emanation of side effects resulting from the use of drugs are unavoidable. But the occurrence of morbidity and mortality as a result of ADR can be reduced if proper measures are promptly adopted by the local, as well as by the global regulatory organizations. Paramedics are life-savers in life-threatening situations. They should have fast-response and should be quick-witted, in such a way that the sick and injured patients may survive long enough to make it to the hospital or to a medical facility. Training on how to report an ADR, where to report, when to report can increase the rate of ADR reporting among paramedics and also reduce ADR related mortality thereby increasing patient safety.

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KEYWORDS: Pharmacovigilance, ADR, Adverse drug reaction, Paramedics,

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This research paper focuses on the shear behavior and strength characteristics of crushed rock fill materials, particularly decomposed rock fill materials used in high rock fill dams in India. The study aims to fill a research gap in the country by investigating the influence of particle size and crushing on shear properties. The Mohr-Coulomb failure theory is applied to analyze soil failure, considering shear stress, normal stress, and internal friction. The literature review highlights the potential of alternative materials like manufactured sand and crushed limestone in concrete applications for improved sustainability. The testing program involves direct shear tests on crushed limestone, sandstone, and river gravels at varying normal stresses. The results show that particle size impacts shear resistance, with larger particles exhibiting higher shear strength due to lesser breakage. The research offers valuable insights for dam design and construction in India and beyond, fostering sustainable practices in geotechnical engineering and construction.

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crushed rock fill materials, shear behavior, shear strength, decomposed rock fill

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ABSTRACT Background: Menorrhagia is commonly known as prolonged (more than 7 days) or heavy (more than 80 ml) uterine bleeding occurring at regular intervals. Women with menorrhagia experience physical, social, and mental difficulties resulting from heavy bleeding. Aim and objectives: A prospective comparative study has been designed with the aim to compare the efficacy and quality of life in menorrhagia patients managed with tranexamic acid or mefenamic acid or tranexamic acid and mefenamic acid and to study the reduction in heavy menstrual bleeding. Methods: This prospective study was conducted at Kovai Medical Center and Research (KMCH) Coimbatore. Of 75 patients recruited for the study with randomization, 29 patients were in group A (Tranexamic acid), 14 patients were in group B (Mefenamic acid) and 33 patients were in group C (Tranexamic acid and mefenamic acid). Group A received Tranexamic acid 500mg, BD, from 1 to 5 days of the menstruation for three consecutive cycles. Group B received mefenamic acid 500mg, from 1 to 5 days, similarly group C received tranexamic acid and mefenamic acid 500mg, from 1 to 5 days of the menstruation for three consecutive cycles. PBAC score scale was used to assess the severity of bleeding. Quality of life questionnaires was used to compare the quality of life between groups. Results: Women between the age group of 41-45 years are mostly affected by heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB). PBAC mean score showed a significant reduction in menstrual blood loss in all three groups but combinational therapy of tranexamic acid and mefenamic acid proved to be more efficacious. Hb level in group C was seen to be increased slightly when compared with group A and group B. quality of life was improved in women treated with tranexamic acid and combinational drugs when compared to mefenamic acid. Conclusion: This study concluded that combinational therapy of tranexamic acid and mefenamic acid and monotherapy of tranexamic acid and mefenamic acid are effective in the management of menorrhagia. Tranexamic acid and mefenamic acid are superior to monotherapy of tranexamic acid and mefenamic acid in terms of effectiveness, reduction in blood loss, and improvement in quality of life.

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Menorrhagia, Heavy menstrual bleeding, Tranexamic acid, Mefenamic acid, Menstruation. PBAC score scale.

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: Plant diseases are a common occurrence in the agricultural field, impacting crop productivity. The contribution of the economy to agriculture plays a significant role in enabling effective disease detection. The surveillance of large and diverse crop fields has increased the importance of plant disease detection. Farmers face challenges when transitioning between different disease management approaches. To ensure proper control measures and maintain plant health, timely detection of tomato leaf diseases is crucial. Mechanized techniques and methodologies offer efficient and constructive means of disease detection, reducing the labor-intensive task of surveillance in large-scale cultivation. Early detection of disease symptoms on plant leaves allows for prompt action. This review explores various algorithms used for image segmentation and automated classification in disease detection. It also encompasses different disease classification methods employed in plant disease detection. By employing deep learning technology, the disadvantages of artificial selection of disease spot features can be avoided, making disease feature extraction more objective and enhancing research efficiency and technological advancements. This review provides insights into the recent progress made in deep learning-based crop leaf disease identification, highlighting current trends, challenges, and the integration of advanced imaging techniques. It aims to serve as a valuable resource for researchers studying plant disease and insect pest detection, while also addressing existing challenges and unresolved issues

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Plant leaf disease images, disease symptoms, deep learning, artificial selection, disease detection

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