Volume 11 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

Microfinance, the provision of financial services to low-income individuals and underserved communities, has gained significant attention in recent years due to its potential to empower the masses and foster economic development. This paper explores the future of microfinance and the various strategies that can be employed to enhance its impact. It discusses the role of technology. Furthermore, the abstract emphasizes the significance of impact measurement and monitoring to evaluate the effectiveness of microfinance initiatives and ensure transparency. The paper concludes that while microfinance holds great potential, continued innovation, collaboration, and a focus on sustainability are essential to harness its benefits and empower the masses.

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 Keywords

Microfinance, Financial services, Empowerment, Masses, Financial inclusion

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This comprehensive study examines the transformative journey of the poultry broiler farming industry in the 21st century, tracing its evolution from small-scale operations to vertically integrated conglomerates fueled by advanced technologies.and aims to understand the perspectives of 120 respondents. Convenience sampling is employed, and the data collection period spans from January to April 2023. Data is gathered primarily through questionnaires, with both primary and secondary sources used. Statistical tools such as Simple Percentage Analysis, Weighted Average, and Rank Analysis are employed for data analysis.Urban-rural consumption disparities are explored, highlighting the potential for equitable access to protein-rich food sources and socioeconomic advancement. While acknowledging study limitations, this research contributes insights into the dynamic landscape of poultry broiler farming and its implications for sustainable growth and nourishment.

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Nutritional challenges, Namakkal District, farmer awareness, consumption disparities, sustainable growth, nourishment.

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India and Italy are two ancient civilizations with a long amicable relationship since centuries. The year 2023 is marked as 75 years of diplomatic relations between India and Italy which is a very significant milestone in the history of bilateral ties. Italian language always played a key role in strengthening the healthy relationship between two nations. Today Italian has become fourth most studied language in the world. In India, it is being taught as a foreign language for the past several years and now found various Universities and in other related academic fields. The present paper tries to explore the evolution, future scope and opportunities of Italian language in India.

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Italy, India, Relationship, Italian Language, Scope, Opportunities

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Bangladesh has been facing the problems of crimes. Criminality and corruption with its diversified forms, from the very beginning of the country's independence. There are many laws related to crime but crimes are not decreasing day by day. Nature, types of crimes are increasing enormously. However the present study will lead to analyze the criminal laws of Bangladesh. The study was documentary analysis type. Data and information were collected from secondary sources such as Books, Research Report, case laws, law related Journals, Internet and different websites. From the result it was found that the criminal laws of Bangladesh is enough and up to date. But problems are lack of proper implementation, lack of accountabilities. From the result it was also evident that in keeping with the growth of human civilization, social values and knowledge of criminal behavior, the penal philosophy has shifted its emphasis from retribution to deterrence and finally to reformation and social reintegration of the deviants. Therefore, our penal laws need to be re-examined in the light of current penal philosophy of reformation. The goals of the rehabilitation of the offender, establishing restorative-justice, access to court, and crime prevention should also be acknowledged and fully integrated in our criminal justice system. The main objective of criminal justice system is not to convict the greatest possible number of accused but the main objective of a criminal law process is the search for truth, and convict the guilty and to discharge the non-guilty by seeking the truth by fair means. But recent judicial interpretation and legislative trend of withering away of presumption of innocence and other procedural safeguards as discussed above entails the risk of erroneous conviction, which may threaten the legitimacy of criminal justice system and undermine the value of criminal law. Judicial interpretation of criminal laws and principle does not indicate consistent approach to the issue of presumption of innocence. Effective functioning of criminal justice is not only conditioned by fair application of rules and procedures but also logistic support, resource mobilization, adequate managerial capacity, scientific facilities like using electronic and audio-visual equipment in investigation of criminal offences. Coordination between various actors of the criminal justice system can hardly be over-emphasized to achieve its goals.

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 Keywords

Crime, Criminal law, Criminal justice system, Convict, Punishment Imposition, Sentences, Innocence, Victim and Witness Protection, Investigation

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The economy of Bangladesh is a major developing market economy. As the second-largest economy in South Asia, Bangladesh's economy is the 37th largest in the world in nominal terms, and 25th largest by purchasing power parity. However the present study has conducted to identify the scenario of the economic condition of Bangladesh and to provide policy recommendations for the improvement of the economy of Bangladesh. The study was documentary analysis type. Information and data were collected from secondary sources. Information and data were collected from books, research reports, journals, different annual reports, different government and non government websites and different websites of different banks. From the result it was found that the Bangladesh is seen by various financial institutions as one of the Next Eleven. It has been transitioning from being a frontier market into an emerging market. Bangladesh is a member of the South Asian Free Trade Area and the World Trade Organization. In fiscal year 2021–2022, Bangladesh registered a GDP growth rate of 7.2% after the global pandemic. Bangladesh is one of the fastest growing economies in the world. Bangladesh experienced robust growth after the pandemic with macroeconomic stability, improvements in infrastructure, a growing digital economy, and growing trade flows. Tax collection remains very low, with tax revenues accounting for only 7.7% of GDP. Bangladesh's banking sector has a large amount of non-performing loans or loan defaults, which have caused a lot of concern. The private sector makes up 80% of GDP. The Dhaka Stock Exchange and Chittagong Stock Exchange are the two stock markets of the country. Most Bangladeshi businesses are privately owned small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) which make up 90% of all businesses. The amounts of nonperforming loans in different banks are huge. The amount of export is average but the amount of import is more than the export. For this reason the deficits in international trade balance. The amount of flow of foreign remittance is average. But it is a matter of sorrow that huge amount foreign exchange is going other developed countries of the world by illegal ways. The amount of foreign direct investment is also very few. Good governance in bank and financial institutions should be ensured. Accountabilities of the board of directors should be increased. Illegal and unethical interferences in banks and financial institutions should be stopped immediately. Exports should be increased. For this reason the number of goods and services of export items should be increased. Imports should be reduced. For this reason the people of the country should be motivated so that they can use the products of Bangladesh. Strong monitoring and supervisions systems should be developed so that foreign exchange cannot go other developed countries of the world by illegal ways. Foreign direct investment should be increased for this reason the foreign investors should be attracted by providing different facilities, tax exemptions, bureaucratic helps and many other facilities. Electricity and gas crisis is one of the most important obstacles of the economy of Bangladesh. For this reason government of Bangladesh should take immediate initiatives for adequate amount of electricity and gas.

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Economy, Bangladesh, Export, Import, Foreign direct invest, Remittance, Revenue, Tax, Sustainability, Development.

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The present study entitled “The Role of Industrial Psychology in Managing Garment Workers’ Dispute: A Case Study of Selected Garment Industries in Dhaka” is a study of garment workers’ dispute and way of managing the dispute in Bangladesh. We know that all human minds are psychological. To get the best service of the worker, there is no alternative but to control workers’ dispute other way to control workers dispute, if they would be very useful to know that what kind of psychological programs may stimulate them to work sincerely. In Bangladesh a number of studies on employee motivation have been done. But to the best of the researcher’s knowledge no direct study has so far been under taken on the garment industries workers. The present study is done with some specific objectives. To find out the various causes of garment workers’ dispute in the garment industries in Bangladesh. Assess the effect of workers’ dispute on production of garment industries in Bangladesh. Analyze the role of industrial psychology in managing the workers’ dispute in garment factories in Bangladesh; and to suggest what steps or strategies should be taken to eliminate or alleviate garment workers’ dispute in Bangladesh. The Bangladeshi readymade garment industry (RMG) heave forth industry, with its woven and knit sub-components, is a predominantly export-oriented sector, with 95% of the oven and 90% of the knit exports being directed to foreign markets. Between 1978 and 1999 the RMG Sector has earned about US$26 billion for the country, the value added component is estimated at about US$7.6 billion. The logic of adopting certain methodological approach depends on the nature and purpose of the study. There are 4,500 garment industries and 500 readymade garment industries (RMG) buying house in Bangladesh . 10 industries have been chosen for this study. The study has done by surveying 600 workers (300 men 300 women) from 10 garment industries were brought under this survey. 10 executives and 10 supervisors from selected industries were also brought under investigation. Applying behavioral science to the new scientific management movement, how to find people whose mental qualities best fit them for work they do. Under what psychological conditions the greatest and most satisfactory output can be obtained from the work of every person. How an industry can influence, workers’ in such a way as to obtain the best possible results from them. The correlation of workers performance and industrial psychological program have been measured the dispute of garment workers in Bangladesh. At last conclusion, findings and recommendation, this chapter arranges to suggest what steps or strategies should be taken to eliminate or alleviate garment worker’s dispute in Bangladesh. If absence of psychological education in garment industry the workers are hesitance to what they expect from their job, become interested to discharge duties with high ability.

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 Keywords

Industrial Psychology, Garment Workers, Dispute, Bangladesh

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The Nursing profession is a noble profession. This profession is contributing rigorously in the health sector in Bangladesh as well as in the world. Teaching learning process has a very much significant role in the learning process of nurses. Because, nursing is a practical oriented technical education. In nursing education students learns by seeing and doing activities in practical classes. However the present study has conducted to identify the factors influencing the teaching learning Process on academic performance among nursing students and to review of literature about factors influencing the teaching learning Process on academic performance among nursing students. The study was documentary analysis type. Information and data were collected from secondary sources. Information and data were collected from books, research reports, journals, different annual reports, different government and non government websites and different websites. A literature review was conducted by using the Pubmed and Medline databases with the keywords: factors influencing the teaching learning process, academic performance among nursing students. A hand search was also undertaken to relevant journals identified by the electronic search and additional articles identified from the reference list of the key articles. A number of articles have been found on teaching learning process, academic performance of nursing students, attitude and Practice. By reviewing different journals and documents it is evident that if the nursing students are taught by providing latest techniques and methods by using modern learning process and by taking help of information and communication technologies then the nursing students will be able to learn more effectively and efficiently. So it is recommended that the government should provide latest and updated course curriculum for nursing institutions, good teachers by providing latest teachers’ training, should provide latest class room by keeping information and communication technology facilities.

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Factors, Patients, Practical learning, Education, Hospital, Training, Development

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This article summarizes various perspectives of marma with special reference to prushtagata marma.

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Marma , prushtagata marma

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Abstract: Mikhail Bulgakov's "Master and Margarita" is a seminal work in Russian literature, known for its innovative narrative, profound themes, and incisive social critique. This abstract explores the novel's impact on various aspects of society and culture, examining its contemporary relevance and enduring legacy. The first section delves into the social impact of "Master and Margarita," highlighting its critique of totalitarianism, political oppression, and societal hypocrisy. The novel's exploration of individual freedom and personal identity prompts reflection on the balance between authority and accountability in modern society. The second section analyzes the novel's cultural significance, emphasizing its examination of good and evil, faith, and spirituality. Bulgakov's portrayal of religious symbolism and themes challenges conventional beliefs, fostering cultural dialogue and understanding across diverse backgrounds. The third section focuses on the novel's literary legacy and adaptations, noting its influence on magical realism, genre-blending, and satirical literature. "Master and Margarita" has inspired artistic expression in various art forms, reflecting its enduring relevance and appeal to contemporary creators. The abstract concludes by highlighting the enduring impact of "Master and Margarita" on global literature and cultural discourse. The novel's exploration of universal themes and its ability to spark meaningful discussions on societal issues ensure its place as a cherished and timeless work of art, continuing to captivate and inspire readers and artists across generations.

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Mikhail Bulgakov, Master and Margarita, Russian literature, Innovative, arrative Social critique, Totalitarianism, Individual freedom, Personal identity, Good and evil, Faith and spirituality, Religious symbolism, Cultural dialogue, Literary legacy, Magical realism, Genre-blending, Satirical literature, Artistic expression, Contemporary relevance, Enduring legacy, Cultural significance

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Migration is the movement from one place to another but the movement is influenced by a variety of socio-economic factors. The people's migration from one region to another for improved living standards is a key feature of human nature. While some regions and birthplaces lack developmental support of populations, then people migrate to access the emerging better opportunities. Regional inequality arises due to various reasons. Among them some are natural and some are man-made disparity. It’s quite a natural setting that investment would be attracted to development regions only. Industrialization widens the gap economy between rural and urban areas. This induces the labour migration force towards industrialized areas. There is extensive debate on the migration process that people shift to another region. Moreover, several studies show that the process of migration is also influenced by economic, social and cultural factors. The paper tries to highlight the trend of migration, probable causes and overall impact as discussed in the existing literature so far. Hence, the paper would serve as a useful guide to further future research in this area.

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 Keywords

Labour Migrants, Migration, Marriage, Remittances, Demographic Trends.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition