Volume 13 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

ABSTRACT: Introduction: This article is being written as India prepares for the 2024 elections in which PM N.Modi is the leader of the ruling BJP and the opposition is struggling to catch up. Research objective: The main objective of this paper is to understand the key issues in the 2024 Indian elections and to provide a retrospective analysis of the 2024 Indian elections. Research method: The study date of this article is Research Period: June 2024 and Sources: Sources compiled from secondary sources, various articles, newspapers, magazines, etc. Data analysis: The data analysis in this article is the political caucus in the election, the political vote in the election, the region and the state. Result: Many media outlets described the election as "surprising." Modi's Bharatiya Janata Party won fewer than 400 seats, below expectations. Despite pre-election predictions that the BJP would win a majority of voters, the party fared better in the polls, scoring well in states. Conclusion: The article concludes that the battle for 2024 has begun and the BJP is yet to win hearts. Following disappointing state election results, the opposition has been forced to regroup. Keyword: General Election 2024, Political party, Major Issue election 2024

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Keyword: General Election 2024, Political party, Major Issue election 2024

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Handwriting is a major occupation for children in the classroom environment. Earlier studies found that 30% to 60% of a child's day at school was spent on fine motor activities, with 85% of these fine motor activities being paper-and-pencil tasks. Since handwriting is an occupation that consumes a substantial amount of time, children who struggle with it tend to have issues with various aspects of their learning and it requires a lot of time and effort for students to learn how to write clearly. The study aims to improve the handwriting of primary school children after receiving sensorimotor intervention in a classroom environment and evaluate their handwriting performance.

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Handwriting, Handwriting difficulties, primary school children, sensorimotor intervention.

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Detection of Plant disease after the symptoms that is visible on the leaf is sometimes too late to prevent the crops being affecting by that since the disease spreads from one leaf to another through direct contact, Rain Splash, vectors, pruning tools etc . Plants unfavourable condition which we commonly call as the stress ,which affects the plants health. So using the physiological signals like chlorophyll fluorescence ,leaf temperature and soil Moisture, we can detect whether plant is healthy or in stress. With the help of LSTM model we identify plants stress condition and it is visible using the interface streamlit.When we use the physiological signal data then there is less change of cutting the plant ,or removing the plant due to disease, as it is the signs that shown before the symptoms that arise on the leaves. So many research had done on this as they have used the single physiological signals in large form .But in are approach we have used the multi-fusion of physiological signal data is used.

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Plant Stress Detection, LSTM, Deep Learning, Chlorophyll, Leaf Temperature, Soil Moisture, Streamlit, Simulated Data

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Thin films having different thickness of Pb0.2In0.8Se were deposited by physical evaporation techniques, onto precleaned amorphous glass substrate. The structural properties of films were evaluated by XRD, optical microscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The electrical properties of annealed thin films have been evaluated. The resistivity of the films is determined over the thickness range of 1000 ?, 1500 ?, 2000 ?, 2500 ? and 3000 ?. The temperature dependence of resistivity shows semiconducting behavior. The thickness dependence of resistivity is found to follow Fuch-Sondheimer size effect theory. Activation energy is found to be 0.059 to 0.082eV. Estimated values of Carrier concentration was 3.789 x1021 cm-3. Hall coefficients and Hall mobility were also determined. The estimated values of Hall mobility and Hall coefficients are 6.77 X 10-4 to 1.128X 10-4 cm2/V-sec. and 6.4 X 10-8 to 1.6205 X 10-8 cm3/C respectively. Positive sign of the Hall coefficient shows P- type nature of films. The X-ray diffraction analysis confirms that films are polycrystalline having orthorhombic structure. The average grain size is found to be 6.136 nm.

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optical microscopy, XRD, TEM, Electrical properties.

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The early 20th century was a transformative period in the subcontinent's politics, marked by pivotal events like the 1905 Bengal partition, Swadeshi and Boycott movements, rising revolutionary and nationalist activities, the 1906 Simla Deputation, and the formation of the Muslim League. These developments had a profound impact on Indian society. Hasrat Mohani, like many nationalist leaders, was deeply influenced by the prevailing atmosphere. With a natural revolutionary spirit, he stepped forward with dedication and a willingness to make sacrifices. His sensitive nature allowed him to absorb the changing tides and meet challenges head on.

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Nationalist, Freedom, Independence, journal, politics

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Silybum marianum is a medicinal herb historically used as a hepatoprotective agent. It has been used for the treatment of several hepatic diseases marked by functional impairment or progressive necrosis. Its hepatoprotective function is distinctive and operates via several mechanisms, including antioxidant and "anti-inflammatory effects, regulation of cell permeability, membrane stabilisation, encouragement of liver regeneration, and suppression of collagen fibre deposition, which may contribute to cirrhosis. The majority of documented data regarding Silybum marianum pertains to hepatic disorders; however, recent findings indicate its advantageous properties across a diverse array of conditions, including renal protection, hypolipidemic and anti-atherosclerotic effects, cardiovascular protection, prevention of insulin resistance--particularly in cirrhotic patients--cancer, and Alzheimer's disease prevention. It is furthermore used as a dietary treatment. This review article intends to elucidate several facets of Silybum marianum, particularly the findings from recent publications about its impact on various disorders, in addition to discussing its hepatoprotective properties.

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Carduus marianus ,Milk Thistle, Pharmacology ,Comprehensive ,Study

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The growth of international human rights laws and agreement1 has transformed international law and has produced robust international legal processes to promote human rights2 . We look at ideas of the interaction between international law and national legal system, as well as the wide discretion in determining how to implement international human rights in national constitutions. We also go over the significance of the legislative approaches for putting international human rights laws into effect as well as the monitoring mechanisms of international organizations3 . Everyone should have access to human rights as fundamental rights, according to the United Nations (UN)4 and the community of nations. The importance of integrating these international human rights into Welsh5 is the primary focus of this briefing. We all have the fundamental right despite this human rights are regardless of our nationality, place of residence, sex, national or ethnic origin, color, religion, language, or any other status. However, countries have regularly avoided their obligations6 to protect the human rights of their citizens by ignoring international legal standards. Numerous methods that human rights are commonly included in constitutions are examined in this comment. In order to highlight the significant advancements in international law, it creates a unique classification scheme for every category. Amongst the actions governments are encouraged to take is to incorporate human rights treaties7 into national constitutions or in national law.

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Incorporation, International human rights, Constitution, Tribunals, Enforcements, Implementation, Judicial Interpretation, Domestic Application .

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Understanding natural images requires not only selecting an appropriate algorithm but also incorporating mechanisms for adapting to contextual variations. Traditional image classification and recognition pipelines often rely on fixed models that fail when applied to diverse datasets or varying environmental conditions. To overcome this limitation, we present a framework that dynamically selects algorithms based on problem characteristics and employs a high-level feedback mechanism for iterative refinement. The framework integrates low-level feature extraction, algorithm evaluation, and a supervisory layer that adapts decision-making through feedback loops. Experimental results across benchmark datasets demonstrate that the proposed method improves accuracy, robustness, and scalability compared to static single-algorithm approaches. The findings highlight the importance of adaptive selection strategies and interactive feedback in advancing natural image understanding.

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Natural Image Understanding; Algorithm Selection; High-Level Feedback; Adaptive Framework; Image Classification

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Abstract: This study examines the relationship between teacher educators' awareness of the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 and their perceived challenges in implementing the policy within Indian educational institutions. Drawing upon empirical data, the findings indicate that teacher educators generally possess a moderate level of awareness regarding NEP 2020, with awareness scores exhibiting substantial variation across dimensions such as curriculum, quality education, professional development, technology, and overall policy impact. Statistical analysis using Pearson correlation revealed that, for teacher educators, there is no significant relationship between the overall awareness of NEP 2020 and their perceived challenges in its implementation (r = -0.034, not significant). This suggests that increased policy awareness among teacher educators does not correspond to a greater or lesser perception of challenges in enacting NEP 2020 reforms. The results contrast with findings from higher education faculty, where higher awareness was positively correlated with increased recognition of implementation challenges. These findings underscore that, within the cohort of teacher educators, the perception of challenges associated with NEP 2020 is likely influenced by contextual and institutional factors--such as resource availability, infrastructural support, and organizational culture--rather than policy awareness alone. The study highlights the importance of targeted capacity-building and systemic support to address identified barriers, irrespective of baseline awareness levels among teacher educators. In doing so, the research informs policymakers and educational leaders about the nuanced dynamics underpinning large-scale educational reform implementation.

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Key Words--NEP 2020, Nature of NEP 2020, Relationship (Between Awareness and Challenges), Teacher Educators, Awareness, Perceived Challenges, Implementation

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This cross-sectional study aims to assess the awareness, attitude, and factors influencing HPV vaccination decisions among Adolescent girls aged 13-18 years in selected schools in Coimbatore. A total of 200 young girls were surveyed using a structured, pre-validated questionnaire. The results revealed that 90% of participants had heard of HPV, and 80% were aware of the HPV vaccine. However, only 60% understood that the vaccine prevents cancer, with gaps in awareness regarding its full protective benefits. Regarding attitudes, 75% of participants believed the vaccine was important, and 65% expressed willingness to get vaccinated. Parental support emerged as a key factor influencing vaccination decisions, with 80% reporting parental encouragement. Peer influence (50%), belief in the vaccine's effectiveness (75%), and concerns about side effects (20%) were also significant factors in decision-making. Cost of the vaccine was less of a concern, as 75% of participants did not see it as a barrier.The study highlights the need for targeted educational interventions to address misconceptions about HPV, its vaccine, and safety concerns, aiming to increase vaccination uptake and prevent HPV -related diseases in future generations.

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HPV vaccination, adolescent girls, awareness, attitude, parental support, vaccine effectiveness, peer influence , Vaccination decision

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