Volume 13 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) remains a global health challenge, disproportionately affecting children under five years. Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) is the leading cause of pediatric infections, especially in low- and middle-income countries.

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HIV, Preschool children, Mother-to-child transmission, Pediatric HIV, Community health nursing, India

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The study examine about the Tuberculosis (TB) and leprosy are two serious diseases and it mostly effect on old age means they will get the peak leavel of danger stage like already they are having another physical issues because of age and Serious illnesses like leprosy and tuberculosis (TB) still plague a large number of elderly individuals. The majority of senior TB patients relapse because, as their immune systems deteriorate with age, long-suppressed infections in their bodies reactivate. Older persons have a higher chance of dying since their symptoms are frequently ambiguous, making diagnosis challenging. Treatment failure may result from the inability of many older individuals to complete the lengthy course of TB medications.The elderly are still susceptible to leprosy. It is still prevalent in older age groups, despite a general decline in new occurrences The more severe (multibacillary) form of leprosy affects many elderly individuals, who also experience various health issues and physical impairments. Additionally, they are more likely to experience side effects, particularly in the initial months of treatment.Both illnesses have comparable effects on older people's day-to-day lives. They result in impairments, physical weakness, and a need for assistance with everyday tasks. Life is made even more difficult by social shame, loneliness, anxiety, and sadness. Leprosy and tuberculosis together diminish quality of life and independence in old age. To help older persons live with dignity, early detection, appropriate treatment, emotional support, and community care are crucial.

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leprosy, TB, aging, daily life, and the elderly

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The growing reliance on excessive internet usage among young adults has raised concerns about internet addiction and its psychological implications, especially among students residing in hostels. They lack proper supervision, suffer from loneliness, feel homesick and use Internet as a means of negative coping strategy. Emotional Intelligence and Psychological Well-Being acts as a protective barrier against Internet Addiction. This study aims to explore and understand these three variables, i.e., Internet Addiction, Emotional Intelligence and Psychological Well-being among hostel students. It also aims to investigate the gender difference that may exist among the hostel students in the context of these three variables. The data was collected from a sample of 150 hostel students (75 males and 75 females) residing in Varanasi, using Young's Internet Addiction Test, Schutte's Emotional Intelligence Scale and Ryff's Psychological Well-being Scale. The results revealed that males had significantly higher internet addiction levels, while females scored higher in emotional intelligence. However, no significant gender differences were found in psychological well-being. The result also indicated a negative correlation between Internet Addiction and Emotional Intelligence along with Psychological Well-being among hostel students. However, the result also revealed a positive co-relation between Emotional Intelligence and Psychological Well-being among hostel students. This study helps in better understanding of hostel students in the context of these three variables and plan interventions accordingly. This study also provides valuable insights for future studies in similar context.

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Internet Addiction, Emotional Intelligence, Psychological Well-Being, Hostel students

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Amidst the rapid pace of the digital economy, online payments service providers are increasingly facing sophisticated and evolving fraud threats. Machine learning stands out as a suitable solution, with the ability to classifying transaction risks precisely in real-time, many orders of magnitude quicker than conventional rules-based systems can. In this paper, we present recent advancement of ML-based fraud detection, including supervised, unsupervised, and ensemble learning approaches. There is particular emphasis on interpretability, class imbalance, privacy preserving methods, and real-time inference.

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Online payment fraud, machine learning, transaction risk prediction

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In Sushruta Samhita, utmost importance is given for wound management irrespective of its types. Detailed description of types, discharge, odor, classification according to involvement of dosha, location of wound is available. Sixty types of measures of wound are evident in various textbooks (Samhita) of Ayurveda. Approximately twenty-six plant medicine and their formulations are described in the management of wound irrespective of types. This review study is done for evaluation of drugs and formulations described in wound management and added to dissertation studies since 1988. It also included total seventy-nine dissertations done on infected wound in various Ayurved institutes among all over India. Articles from several notable journals, published on infected wounds in Ayurveda journals, International Ayurved Medical Journals. Out of which four dissertations study was done in our institute are critically reviewed. Thorough study of these concludes following which will be guideline for further dissertation studies and use in the practice. Having Ayurvedic formulations used for infected wound and efficacy evaluated in the Dissertation Studies. These studies were with control group of Eusol. Article discussed the limitation of studies, need of substantial investigation which are helpful on modern parameters and Medicinal formulations used in studies availability and demands in Market.

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Dushta Vrana (Infected Wound), Eusol, Ingudi Taila, Nirgundi Siddha Taila, patha malhar, karvellak siddha Taila

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The mother with selected warning sings during pregnancy, the selected warning signs during pregnancy affects the health of the expectant mother as well as development of the fetus. In order to educate and encourage the antenatal mothers a study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of Structured Teaching Program on knowledge regarding. Objective: i) To assess the knowledge of warning signs among prim gravida women. ii) To evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching program on selected warning signs among primigravida women. iii) To find the association between the posttest knowledge score with selected demographic variables. Methodology: The research design used in the study was pre-experimental one group pre- test and post-test design. Purposive sampling technique was used to draw sample. The data was collected from 60 primigravida women using the structured knowledge questionnaire. Pre-test was conducted followed by implementation of structured Teaching Programme (STP) and post-test was administered after 7 days using the same questionnaire to find out the effectiveness of STP. Results: In the present study 10 demographic variables were taken into consideration. The study result shows that, 75% of the Respondents were in the age groups of 21 - 30 years. Based on Religion Majority (65%) of the Respondents belongs to Hindu religion. Most (72%) of the Respondents were attained PUC.73% of Respondents were Housewife.53% of respondents were having Annual income of Rs. 5001- 20,000. Majority (38%) Respondents dietary pattern were mixed. Majority 62% of subject's do mild physical activity. Majority (78%) of respondents belongs to nuclear family. Majority73% of the Respondents were from rural area. All the Respondents (100%) had not received any health information on selected warning signs on primigravida mother. On comparison of pre-test and post-test knowledge scores, the mean percent of pre-test knowledge score was 40.7 percent and posttest knowledge score was 51.3 percent with 17.6 percent knowledge enhancement score. The statistical paired - 't' test indicates enhancement in the mean percentage knowledge score was found significant at 0.05level for all aspects under study. With regard to association of demographic variables with pre-test knowledge demographic variables i.e. type of family, education, family income, Age group, and there is no significant association with selected demographic variables i.e. age group, residence, religion, Source of information at 0.056 level(P<0.05). Conclusion: The overall findings of the study clearly showed that the structured Teaching programme was significantly effective in improving the knowledge regarding selected warning signs in pregnancy among primigravida women

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 Keywords

Effectiveness; structured teaching programme; knowledge; selected; regarding warning; signs; primigravida women

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 Abstract

Agricultural Development and Prospects in Balotra Region

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Agricultural Development and Prospects in Balotra Region

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Background: Osteoporosis is a silent, progressive bone disease characterized by low bone mass and increased fragility, predominantly affecting postmenopausal women due to estrogen deficiency. In India, particularly in rural and semi-urban areas like District Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, the prevalence of osteoporosis is high, yet awareness remains critically low. Aim: To assess the effectiveness of a structured teaching program on improving knowledge and preventive practices regarding osteoporosis among postmenopausal women in a selected area of District Kangra, Himachal Pradesh. Methods: A quasi-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design was used. A total of 60 postmenopausal women aged 45-65 years were selected using purposive sampling. A structured knowledge questionnaire and a preventive practice checklist were administered before and after the intervention. The structured teaching program included educational sessions using lectures and visual aids. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: In the pretest, 33.3% of women had inadequate knowledge and only 6.6% had adequate knowledge. Post-intervention, 61.6% demonstrated adequate knowledge. The mean knowledge score increased from 13.12 to 21.58. Similarly, preventive practices improved significantly, with adequate practice levels rising from 6.7% to 48.3%. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference between pretest and posttest scores (p < 0.05), indicating the effectiveness of the intervention. Conclusion: The structured teaching program was effective in significantly improving knowledge and preventive practices regarding osteoporosis among postmenopausal women. Such interventions should be integrated into community health strategies, particularly in underserved rural regions, to reduce the burden of osteoporosis-related complications.

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Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal Women, Knowledge, Preventive Practices, Structured Teaching Program, Health Education, Kangra District

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Abstract- Pelvi-ureteric junction (PUJ) stricture is a condition characterized by a functional or anatomical obstruction at the junction of the renal pelvis and ureter, leading to hydronephrosis and impaired drainage of urine. It can be congenital or acquired and is commonly diagnosed in children or young adults.

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pelviureteric junction, Stricture, Pelviuretric junction obstruction

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The evolution of wireless communication from 3G to 5G has transformed the global digital landscape, yet growing demands for ultra-fast connectivity, massive device integration, and enhanced security are driving the vision of sixth-generation (6G) networks. 6G is expected to deliver unprecedented data rates up to terabits per second, sub-millisecond latency, and AI-enabled network management, enabling transformative applications across diverse IT domains. This paper explores the technological enablers of 6G, including terahertz communication, artificial intelligence, quantum security, and blockchain integration.

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6G Networks, Terahertz Communication, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), Ultra-Low Latency, Quantum Security, Smart Cities, Extended Reality (XR), Blockchain Integration, Future IT Applications

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